I've studied passive filter at school, 6 month of studying just that argument. Great Scott does it a couple of minutes video. I used to draw lot of Bode charts!

Your "engineer penmanship" style is fricking awesome dude... I used to do calculations similarly in college... but I've lost it since I don't use it anymore

An outstanding - clear; concise; and comprehensive job covering the material !! Thanks Great Scott !!

FULL BRIDGE RECTIFIER... oh wrong channel :p

I always watch your electronic video, not because i can understand what your are saying (never understand even a single word) but i watch because im amaze, how you able to think and calculate that much.

JLC PCB is like your new intro, in every video

wow this video did a better job explaining filters than my EE proffessor

Your channel helped me learning electronics, and I'm doing an economic college. Thanks😁

I had to study 3 years of Electronics Engineering just to understand this video! Before i used to watch your videos and didn't understand much, but i watched them anyways!

nice video! i used to learn about bandpass and band stop filters in school. the equations get really crazy with all the complex parts

A huge part of the discussion missed when dealing with filtering components of capacitors and inductors is the phase change introduced. The phase change is visible on every one of your input/output examples on the oscilloscope. This is a critical consideration. For example, when a dual component (12dB/octave) crossover is used on both the high- and low-pass sections, the output for each will be 90 degrees out of phase totaling to 180 degrees, and the woofer and tweeter will be out of phase and cancel each other out at the crossover frequency. The correction for this situation would be to connect either the woofer or tweeter opposite to how they would normally be connected.

Your diagram drawing is very therapeutic! :)

Your handwriting,the way you write and draw things is amazing

A little project/challenge for you, Scott: since you love bikes, you could create a video converting a motor (2 stroke/4 stroke) from a carburetor fuel delivery system, to an EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) one, since it's 2019! Surely not a challenge for somebody like you. Also, it can be done with any microcontroller, Arduino too, since it's all about reading data, and doing actions in the given timing.

Dudeeee congratulations on 1M Hope you reach 10M soon Love from India ❤️

nice vid, everytime my notification pop-up fo your vids i always remember the scientist in back to the future saying "great scott!" hehe

This is the best video for sleeping at night lol i literally slept while watching the video

Learned something new!! A 'decade" isn't only just a measurement of 10yr increments ;)

That may stupidity to you but I learned a whole lot of things from it. Thank you for doing it.

Thanks man, this helped me to understand crossover bit better for my speaker projects

Iam waiting for this video for along time because iam dj maintenance and make alot of this circuits but iam learned alot from you thanks bro.

Crisp and clear explaination ❤

the crossover can be complex because of 3 things : 1) to flatten the impedance of speaker drivers so they act more like resistors because otherwise your calculations using that formula won't make sense once you change that dummy load resistor with real speaker driver. 2) how steep are your crossover ? Bessel, Butterworth, LR, 1st or 2nd or 3rd order etc. 3) how well behaved the frequency response of your speaker drivers. hope that helps.

You are a highly educated man please make your explanations easier so that more people can understand

Thank you so much Scott I wanted to know how to make a crossover for my project! Love your videos😁👍

Very good explanation, thanks Scott!

These info is great , I would love to see a video of phase line filters for avoiding EMC noise with motors, is my headache working with micro controllers and big motors

this video is so helpful to me, thank you!

Great tutorial and link. Thanks!

I didn't expect this crossover.

What a lovely well made video. Well done.

ElectroBoom and GreatScott! Fans?

Good one old TESLA capacitor :D

Nice job. Would have also been nice to cover the phase relationship between inductors and capacitors.

I forgot the guy who reviews TVs and calibrations for TVs but you remind me of him

The pwm filtering is really useful too. Doing Arduino to CV for music!

0:40 WOOW, amazing, Capacitors made by TESLA from czechoslovakia!

Great video as always I just wanted to say I really LOVE the way you say "calculate" @ 00:36

You can always get into a new world of audio and go for active crossovers... :)

Amazing and very useful video

Would you consider building an active crossover that would feed into a dual channel 50w D-class amplifier and BI-AMP a two way speaker (Woofer and Tweeter) and comparing the improvement over a passive crossover driven by a single 100w amp.

I've never really thought about how the sound gets split between the woofer and tweeter. Good to know. 👍

Very well done! 👍

Very neatly explained. I have crossover f at 700hz woofer is 8ohms and full range at 4ohms. Is it possible to make two different loads in a crossover?

You can pop back the dustcap with a vacuum cleaner. EDIT:thanks for the likes

This is one more good video!

Thanks for the video 💯 learned a lot

As always, you explainations are just amazing. It helps me to understand really well!

Amazing video, possibly you can try to explain the phase as well? 😀

Nice video. I always wait for your next video. Thanks man

God does anyone else wish you had his handwriting

You could improve the old cross over by simply replacing the capacitors which ALWAYS degrade over time. In order to start from scratch a crossover that gets the best performance out of the drivers or even to select a good set of drivers from scratch, you need the FRD and ZMA files or the ability to measure and derive them from the drivers themselves. Once you have the files, a free cross over design program like PCD (passive cross over designer) or WinPCD can be used to maximize the performance of the selected drivers. The enclosure type and size is also critical and there are several on line box programs. Parts Express provides the FRD and ZMA files for all of their Dayton Audio drivers and also offers several other brands of DIY drivers. The PE forum is a good source of information as is that of the DIY Sound group. The programs take care of all of the complex math.

In India we use rc filters at the input section and the filtered signals are separately amplified by multiple amplifier IC s,and for better low frequency response we use op-amp low pass filter at the input of the channel dedicated for subwoofer.then the stereo amplifier consist of three channels (2.1 system)

cool. i used to explain that with decent speakers, the enclosure, the drivers and the crossover (when matched) are a full working set.

Another nice video! :)

This reminds me of the electronics I learned at university. 😂

Very good video. I Like it 👍

Thank you, and I finally find the right video

very interesting video!

I once wanted to put an LM35 inside the output filter inductor of my 3D printer to measure its temp. The high frequency switching induced a shitload of noise on the sensor's wires and would display nonsense. Thats where I remembered those RC filters... Needles to say that a low pass with fc around 500Hz did the job and the measurements were crystal clear afterwards. So dont neglect your filters people even in simple tasks!!!

Danke für die Guten Videos. Haben mir bei meiner Ausbildung immer gut geholfen. Weiter so

I have a 1:1 toroidal choke, can I use it as a an inductor in a 1st order LP filter? If so, what other considerations would I need to account for in the circuit? This, "old dog," loves your videos, learning lots.

The best setup is a class T amplifier for the woofer and a class C one for the mid and high range. The signal is being processed by the amplifiers itself. This brings you the most efficient speaker with the best sound.

Love your videos from nepal

u r so perfectionism in writing

Hmmm one question here, The ooutput of the speaker is pretty much the current that flows trought it right? so doesnt the phase shift of a coil or capacitor change it as the incoming signal is voltage modulated and not current modulated. Or is this change just too small to notice

-20dB per decade? Taking 10 years to turn down the volume seems kinda inefficient.

Nice I enjoyed it.

Nice video 😋

Will you finish the walkie talkie project?

Hey! I have a problem in my Fiesta ST! I got a 4x25W audio system; with 4x 8Ohms, 25W door woofers; and 2 front door tweeters which I have little info on (probably just a generic set of tweeters). They're mounted in parallel, which means the amp sees less than 4Ohms per channel. The crossover frequency on the tweeters is around 2,5-4,5kHz, and the door speakers overlap with the tweeters on this range. The tweeters sound way too harsh. I wanted to put a capacitor in series with the tweeter, to cut out some of those harsher frequencies. I'm just hesitating on what capacitor I should get?

Please explain what is different between normal transform and audio transform which is used in high end audio recording gear and why they are used to

What's the name of the second song you were using after the killing time soundtrack? Edit: DOES ANYONE KNOW?!? I have searched the KZfaq audio library for hours to no avail!

I bought a couple Amazon crossovers and soldered them in and test drove which one to keep. This is for old vintage speakers that I restored

Thank for this video mannnn

Good stuff

Is the z of loudspeaker coil is different each frequencies?

That original 'complicated' crossover had a Zobel network. It's designed to help present a constant load to the crossover, compensating for the need to account for the equivalent driver circuit in the crossover. Modeling a woofer as an 8 ohm resistor is a bad idea, considering its inductance will turn a 2nd order filter into a poorly tuned 3rd order filter. With a 2nd order network, you'd invert the terminals on one speaker to account for the 180 degree phase shift. But on a 3rd order network, there would be no point to reversing polarity on one speaker. Fun fact: I replaced an off the shelf crossover with my own design a week ago. The difference is that I designed the speaker enclosure, and chose the drivers, but got cheap with the crossover when I built them. I finally have money for a proper crossover. 16 AWG air core inductors and polypropylene caps for a 60W monitor. It helped that I measured the impedance curves for both drivers and knew what circuit I was really dealing with, along with having a 3D printer for printing the inductor cores for winding them.

Let’s just keep in mind that when the speaker is connected, the transfer function changes. Vout is not the same with load than it is without load.

Thanks Scott..! Something I wanna know... There is something called free energy?

What is the software that used to calculate crossover components value

That program name though. 😂 I guessed immediately that the author is Finnish.

how would i make this a variable crossover? id want to adjust the frequencies of the high pass and low pass but im fairly new to building circuits. where would i put the tuning capacitor?

9:20 wrong equation! I love your videos btw!!!!!

Another EE here (but haven't dealt with such filters since school). I can't help but think that the signal should be treated digitally (near-"brick walls rolloffs" can be trivially calculated using 1024 point FFTs (not an option when I learned this). Reasons to not do this include the cost of the DSP (probably just a raspberry pi for this crew, but hopefully you can break out the channels at the source of the audio), plus the need for more amplifying channels (although each can have lower power and be optimized for thier frequency range, like using class-d for the woofer). Passive crossovers are likely better between mid range and tweeters, and just split out the woofer (and subwoofer if needed) digitally (this may even reduce a channel needed. At least that's what I've heard of the phase issues (all rlc filters induce phase issues, but a good DSP method's won't be measurable), the higher frequency phase errors aren't nearly as audible to humans.

Does upgrading crossover part with more expensive replacements make sense?

Just built a pair of 3 way floor standing speakers - open source design (SB Acoustics Rinjani) I just bought the drivers and built the cabs myself - didn't bother with the passive crossovers - for just a $100 more bought an active DSP that let's you experiment with this stuff in real time - way better. Now with Parts Express selling really nice amps with on board DSP I can't understand why any home builder would bother with passive cross over any more.

i once created a lpf by shorting the audio wires with a capacitor. it kind worked but had issues with 50hz humming. also I now know why my audio software has a filterX1 and a filterX4 :D

Does the reactance of the speakers (the inductance of the coil) not matter within the 4 Ohm value? Is that always the case that a speaker impedance only refers to its resistive value and if not, at what frequency is a speaker impedance usually measured? Wonder how that influences actually the filter behaviour...

Hey great scott happy friendship day

I'm listening to this on DIY speakers with DIY crossovers

love the videos! Just finished a Digital Signal Processing course for my EE degree and your videos become cooler with each semester finished because I actually understand it all now! Also, please treat those poor highlighters better, just going right over those fresh ink pen marks :(

Is this video recorded with a new Sony camera ? :)

I remember struggling with this in engineering school. This video.... um yeah.... doesn't everyone know that? Great video tho. Lots of meat!

Hello, I wanted to know how the laptop charger actually works. I have seen most of the chargers having 3 output terminal, one is positive other one ground and the third one is identification pin. What is the use of that third pin? and if we want to design our own laptop charger, how would we do that?

Would you be willing to make a video about routing traces on a custom PCB?

Awesome.... Make home appliances pcb theory as well as practical... Like ...AC, fridge, Washing machine, TV etc...🙏

You’re a fecking genius.

Very good

Nice video. Is it possible to calculate or measure the frequency response of a speaker ??