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Anatomy of Duodenum : Parts, Relations, Blood supply, Nerve supply, Venous drainage and Histology.
The duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, plays a critical role in the digestive process. Here's a simplified breakdown for your study notes:
Parts of Duodenum: The duodenum has four sections: superior (first part), descending (second part), horizontal (third part), and ascending (fourth part).
Relations: The duodenum is surrounded by important structures. It begins at the pylorus, wraps around the head of the pancreas, and ends at the duodenojejunal flexure.
Blood Supply: The duodenum is mainly supplied by the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (a branch of the gastroduodenal artery) and the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (a branch of the superior mesenteric artery).
Venous Drainage: Corresponding veins drain into the portal system (the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins).
Nerve Supply: It's supplied by the vagus nerve (parasympathetic) and the greater splanchnic nerve (sympathetic).
Histology: The wall of the duodenum has several layers: the mucosa (with villi and microvilli for absorption, and Brunner's glands producing mucus-rich alkaline secretion), the submucosa, the muscularis externa, and the serosa. The duodenal epithelium is columnar and contains goblet cells.
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