!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Extra Information & Sometimes Corrections if Needed !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ***Get your Private Internet 3 years subscription with 2 extra free months for only $2.08/Month -www.privateinternetaccess.com/MLaserHistory It should be pronounced "steppe" not step because it's spelled steppe not step. It is not a step you take nor a step you build for stairs. It is the steppe in the world, the steppe area. Come at me! This is an actual hill I am willing to die on! 2:00 The Bulgars emerged as a unified entity very closely before or after they where subdued by the Avars. The "Bulgarians" where formed by the unification of some kind of a Bulgarian core and the Kutrigurs, Utigurs and Onogurs tribes. 2:10 The Khaganate, even though not officially split into two halves until 603, due to its size was mostly governed as if it was split into a western and eastern halves since its creation, so from an administrative stand point this split in 603 did not have that much effect on the Khaganate. 2:35 The Western Turkic Khaganate became to also be known as the ten arrows. 3:01 Rashidun Caliphate, 632-661. Umayyad Caliphate, 661-750. Abbasid Caliphate 750-1258. I only update the map of the Caliphate when I mention it in the chronological overview not at it's exact date of dynastical change. This is mainly because I am too lazy to track all the changes on the map during this time and focus mainly on just displaying the changes in the video which I am currently talking about. 3:13 Tang dynasty also briefly controlled some Persian areas and the Amu and Syr Darya rivers. 5:06 They allied with also other tribes under Kangar control not just the Kimaks. However, the Kimaks where the most important ally hence I only mentioned them. 5:50 Also, a lot of the sources are in Chinese (and in China) or Arabic and, therefore, are very hard to access by western scholars like me. 11:30 The Uyghurs where between the Selenga River and the Yenisey River. Video scripts with all my sources are available for free on my Patreon.

your pronunciation of the final E in steppe gives me life

"oversimplified history of the medieval steppe." Me, not remembering the changes seen 5 seconds ago :)

It's also important to remember that steppe people do not wander the grasslands at random. They would travel well-worn routes, making sure their herds always had fresh pasture. If you wandered into an area where someone else had just been your herds would starve. They might not have a fixed home, but they'd have a home range.

Finally, he remembered his KZfaq password

I think the Eurasian Steppe offers a very interesting parallel to the Sahel in West Africa. Both were geographically convenient for overland trade, but the lack of major mountain ranges to stabilize the climate made fully sedentary, predominantly-agrarian society impossible. So in both places you have these wildly overlapping cultures split between nomadic traders/herders and merchants in cities like Timbuktu or Samarkand. This is enticingly relevant to a series of videos that I'm preparing.

In Turkish we have the term "konar-göçer". Konar means settle and göçer means migrates. They had different places and builds for different times of the year. Modern equalivent of this is moving to your summer house when the summer holiday comes.

As a slav I normally applaud efforts to have words look like they are supposed to be pronounced but "steppey" was so funny to me I found it hard to actually concentrate on the topic of the video :D

The eurasian steppe seems such a foreign land from the western viewpoint, and yet like all parts of the earth it is so rich in history. I really like the way you explain the nomadic lifestyle by expanding on what one might already know and dispelling false notions one might have. Also, that map work in the beginning is incredible. Excellent Video overall, great watch

Saray-Batu (the capital of the Golden Horde) was one of the largest cities in Eurasia (excluding the cities of China and India). Not surprising, due to the fact that nomads always looted the resources of the settled, and we all know how many richs the Golden Horde received from Eastern Europe. I wanna say that this is a great video, Yan. It's very rare to see an objective historical content! Greetings from the steppe nomads, from Kazakhstan! 👋😁

I just learned that some people pronounce _steppe_ as "steppeh."

Magnificent video! There's so much information that I'll certainly have to watch it multiple times to really understand and remember all of it. Although, I had to pause it and go google 'steppe' to check the pronunciation, because I've kept thinking "had I've been wrong all this time, thinking that the -e is silent?". 😅

Incredible video, really enjoyable, I hope it gets the attention it deserves!

Simon Berger, a young French historian, is pushing for this revisioning of Eurasian nomadic history over here in France :D suffice to say he's being met with some resistance here. I hope this view gains more ground, thank you for your work.

what inspires you to research certain areas of history?

Steppe nomads are so mysterious to me, I'd like to learn more about them.

Nice video with a lot of good points. I think you are right about them needing villages and cities to make things like compound bows, swords, and whatever else they needed. Farming the steppe was probably a difficult proposition with rainfall being fairly sparse at times. They might have wanted to be farmers, but droughts forced them back into herding.

your videos are always a treat!

Usually I don't comment on anyone's video but your content is superb so I am commenting on your video. Wow this video is fantastic. Every line is a point. Your channel deserve more subscriber. I regularly watch your videos from 6 years. As a old subscriber I want a help from you that please make a video on skanderbeg because I realised that only you can describe it nicely. As I know you from the old days, I think you will definitely make a video on this topic

Thank you for this very interesting video. I like how you cover niche topics.

Turks indeed had a decisive role in triggering historical major events like the Migration Period, Crusades, Age of Discovery as well as ending the Middle Ages with the conquest of Constantinople, fall of the Roman Empire.

When M Lazor uploads. It is a happy day.

RETURN OF THE KING

I respect your pronounciation of steppe, although it weirded me out at first. This is how it is pronounced in danish and german as well. (with the "e" at the end)

Finally, a new video

Do not worry if it is long. The video is awesome

Drink every time he says "khaganate".

"Sex century"? Best century no doubt. ;p (Seriously: that's what I understood you said instead of "6th century", hopefully I won't me mercilessly censored for a silly comment).

Yay new video!!

Me after wikipedia journey that started with article "Old Turkic script": "There's so much interesting history that feels like it's talked about very little".

Please more videos on the nomads

stepE. Fantastic video! Tnx!

take a shot everytime M. Laser says khaganate

The Turks were considered as the best warriors due to their horsemanship and skill in archery. Modern Asia, 1400-1750: Cavalry, Guns, Government and Ships (Bloomsbury Studies in Military History). p.24.

Here’s a drinking game for you, take a shot every time Laser says khanate.

Awesome video 10/10

All nomads were not nomadic. They were all semi- nomadic. Summer and winter camps at the very least. Nobody truly wonders aimlessly. That got you killed

Very awesome video, I loved the map even if its bound not be exact

Take a shot every time Laser says "Khaganate"

please add a year counter somewhere next time:) great vid

Turkish people be like: ahh yes, my ancestors

No they were grass pirates

As a Bulgarian it's a little weird and funny knowing there once was another Bulgaria on the volga river

All hail steppe history! I’d watch 20 million more of it even. ❤

An illustration of nomadic use of sedentary materials are the artworks of the scythians. at least some of these were supplied by artisans from neighboring greek cities. Exposure to this style then impacted the artwork produced for more local customers.

Interesting, thank you!

every time you pronounce the E a small part of me withers away and dies

There's an interesting passage in FW Mote's "Imperial China 900-1800" about the Inner Asian nomadic lifestyle: "[Inner Asian pastoral nomadism] is an advanced form of social organization, the preference of peoples whose forebears probably had practiced agriculture. [...] To those reluctant agriculturalists the alternative of nomadism offered more than did the hard life of growing wheat and millet in arid regions. The Inner Asian core area offered conditions that permitted the highest development of the potential in nomadism, sustained by its wandering herds of cattle and sheep and the use of camels and horses for transport or war. Only under such conditions which to them represented failure would those nomads settle down in one place long enough to scratch out and harvest a summer's crop."

I never got how a fleeting defeated people who have just lost a major war mange to destroy an aready existing empire that they fled to

steppe is pronounced as step in Ukrainian language, where this word likely comes from (степ). other than that awesome video, as always!

nice vid

steppé

Where you get the map at 14:43, showing that silk road was passing through the north-east of Carpathian mountains ?

I enjoyed all the step-ahs

I’m not much of a medieval fan, but I knew I’d be entertained.

Steppey

You've done the impossible with this video.

how much do these apply for the Scythians though? what about the even earlier Cimmerians?

this must be the research I was looking for about lions

12:47 National Identity? That's an interesting way of phrasing it, considering the time period.

11:50 yurt suburbs. So cool

Un video sobre los pechenegos

Nomads being nomadic even regarding their nomadic lifestyle

16:52-17:07 Would you say this would be a form of total war?

Brain aneurysm commencing in 3... 2... 1... Steppayyyy

Tonyukuk wasn't a general primarely, he was more of a statesman like al-nizam-ul-mulk of the Seljuk Empire.

once one gets over the way you pronounce steppe (that gives me creeps, seriously :D ) , very interesting video :)

my man really pronounced steppe

greetings as crimean tatar turk we are all turks xiongnu(asian hun) and europan hun descent also golden horde,bulgari,khazar,avar,hunnic empires and western göktürk were oghur turkic(proto tatar,oghuz)

The Eurasian Pepe!

Ah yes the Gawkturks of the Steppeh (In all seriousness though good video)

Avars were not Rourans bro other option to discuss is a historical and cultural - but not linguistic - continuity; this would imply a language shift from the Mongolic-speaking Rourans to the Turkic-speaking Avars at some point of their history. In parallel, both disciplines suggest that at least some of the European Avars were of Eastern Asian ancestry, but neither linguistic nor genetic evidence provides sufficient support for a specific connection between the Avars and the Asian Rourans. Savelyev A, Jeong C (2020). Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences 2, e20, 1-17. You ask us also in your epistle: "Of what people, of what family, and of what tribe are you?" Know that we are descended from Japheth, through his son Togarmah. [In Jewish literature Togarmah is the father of all the Turks.] I have found in the genealogical books of my ancestors that Togarmah had ten sons. These are their names: the eldest was Ujur, the second Tauris, the third Avar, the fourth Uauz, the fifth Bizal, the sixth Tarna, the seventh Khazar, the eighth Janur, the ninth Bulgar, the tenth Sawir. [These are the mythical founders of tribes that once lived in the neighborhood of the Black and Caspian Seas.] I am a descendant of Khazar, the seventh son. (Khazar Correspondance (Khazar Correspondence / King Joseph’s Reply) The 6th century historian Menandros Protektor states that the language spoken by the Avars is the same as that of the Huns. Assuming that language is one of the factors determining the origin, it can be argued that the Avars were a part of the Oghur Turks. [36]

Are modern day Kazakhstan & Mongolia similar to these Eurasian nomadic empires?

All this because of the cultivation of rice .

so ghost towns and cowboys?

S T E P P E

Now whenever I see the word Steppe I think of it as "steppeh"

Steppeh

what is a 'politi' ?

Steppe is pronounced Step, great video though! :)

Why is the Umayyad seal written backwards? It's not even mirrored, it's been written backwards letter by letter, like writing etahpilaC dayyamU.

Nice

eurasians steppes were controlled by indo europeans for more than two millennia then the turkic and mongolians tirbes take the control , it's a big event in human history but it gets little interest by historians i think the reason for the domination of turkic tirbes was their use of steppe saddle and more importantly the stirrup

The Westrern Roman Empirte did not fall, it splintered.

Good video, please let me help you with pronunciation next time though

Every now and then , but only few times , you are flashing in the right upper corner a year number . . ? why can you not let it run constantly , while you are talking - as a continuous reference of the year . ?

Early Medieval Eurasian Nomads are CANCELLED

stappay

drink a shot every time he says Khaganate and Khangar or something on Kha

Wasn't the First Turkic Khaganate which brought ferrous metallurgy from Sogdian cities to the Eurasian Steppe? If so, ferrous metallurgy necessarily requires sedentarity... This means that the lifestyle of Gokturks must have been similar to that of early Germanic peoples.

This is so good but every time you say step-ay it just gets harder and harder to take it seriously

Drink everytime he says Khaganate

Steppuh

wtf is a steppe-eh?

The history of a sedentary region like western Europe is like a bunch if people sitting around tables in a club. The history of the steppes is like a mosh pit.

Steppe = Step, like Shoppe = Shop. Khaganate = Con ate. Love your channel.

*step pe* throws me off. is he saying it in his native language, ore is it deliberate? edit: oh i see.

Interesting drinking game. Drink every time you hear "Turkic khaganate" :D

As a historian who’s main focus is steppe culture in central and north Eastern Asia Excellent video, the only thing is steppe is pronounced “step” the E is silent my friend.

"Autarky"? "in circa 534"? "Steppeh"? What's your native language?