#Surge_protection_device_installation and selecting the correct #SPD to protect your electronic equipment is well explained here.
#Surge_Protector is also called #surge_arrester and is primarily designed to protect against #transient_voltage surges, that appear and disappear in just a few microseconds.
Although the duration of these spikes are very short, large single surge events such as lightning, can reach some thousands of volts and can cause immediate damage to the equipment connected to a circuit.
These surges cannot be stopped using conventional over current circuit breakers or fuses, since operating time of those switches are not quick enough to detect these fast appearing spikes.
However, lightning strikes account for around 20% of total transient surge activities only.
The remaining 80% of surges occur internally, when a large motor starts or due to another power line fluctuation fault.
Although these surges can be of smaller in magnitude, with a higher frequency of occurrence, and with continued exposure, they can degrade sensitive electronic equipment within the circuit.
Science behind the selection of SPD Type 1, 2 and 3, is explained here nicely with fine animation work.
Installing an SPD on to an electrical panel board is also well explained here.
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