The development of the pancreas explained in a very simple way.
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Post any questions you have about the video below, I read all the comments:
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Summary of the video for your notes:
1. Pancreas is formed by two buds, the dorsal and ventral buds. They develop from the lining of duodenum.
2. When the duodenum rotates to the right side, the ventral bud moves dorsally shifting itself to the final position of inferior and posterior to the dorsal bud.
3. The parenchyma and duct systems then fuse.
4. The ventral bud forms the uncinate process and the inferior part of the head of the pancreas.
5. The remaining part of the pancreas is derived from the dorsal bud.
6. In 10% of cases, the duct systems fail to fuse and the original double system persists.
7. (Not in video) In the third month of fetal life, pancreatic islets of Langerhans develop from the parenchymatous pancreatic tissue and scatter throughout the pancreas. Insulin secretion begins about the fifth month. Glucagon and somatostatin secreting cells also develop from the parenchymal cells.
Developmental anomaly: Annular pancreas.
- The ventral pancreatic bud consists of two components that normally fuse and rotate around the duodenum so that they lie below the dorsal pancreas.
- Occasionally, the right portion of the ventral bud migrates along its normal axis, but the left migrates in the opposite direction.
- This way, the duodenum is surrounded by pancreatic tissue, and an annular pancreas is formed.
- The malformation sometimes constricts the duodenum and causes complete obstruction (duodenal stenosis).
- Accessory pancreatic tissue may be anywhere from the distal end of the esophagus to the tip of the primary intestinal loop. Most frequently, it lies in the mucosa of the stomach and in Meckel's diverticulum, where it may show all of the histological characteristics of the pancreas itself.
Source of information: Langman's Medical Embryology by T.W. Sadler