This video presents the English Civil Wars, a sequence of destructive wars displaying a titanic power struggle between King Charles I and Parliament in the middle of the 17th century.
Chapters:
00:00 Introduction
00:39 Path to War
03:29 The First Civil War
05:18 The Second Civil War
06:44 The Third Civil War
08:02 The Impacts of the Wars
After King James’s death, in 1625, his son Charles I ascended to the throne as King of three separate kingdoms: England, Scotland, and Ireland.
In 1629, Charles began what was known as the Personal Rule, or by his enemies, the “Eleven-Year Tyranny” during which he dismissed all his Members of Parliament and ruled England without a Parliament for the next 11 years.
Minor fighting between the king and the Parliament began in the midsummer of 1642 as each side started to compete for its own power. On 22 August 1642, King Charles I raised his royal standard at Nottingham, officially marking the onset of the First Civil War.
The first civil war was fought between the Royalists (also known as the Cavaliers), the King’s supporters, and the Parliamentarians (or the Roundheads) commanded by Robert Devereux, the 3rd Earl of Essex.
With the help of the Scots, the Parliamentarians won a decisive victory six months later at Marston Moor, west of York, leading to the collapse of the Royalist cause in the North and the reform of the parliamentary armies with the creation of the New Model Army. Charles I was handed over to the Parliamentarians, marking the end of the First Civil War.
Despite defeat in the war, Charles refused to surrender and sought to exploit his opponents' religious and political differences.
Shortly afterward, a series of armed uprisings began in the spring and summer of 1648 in favor of the king, marking the bloody and merciless fighting of the second civil war.
At long last, the battle of Preston in August ended with the decisive defeat and surrender of the Scots. Charles was found guilty of high treason and was executed by beheading in Whitehall, London on 30 January 1649. The Second Civil War came to an end.
Following Charles' death, a republican government was created in England, supported by the New Model Army's military might.
Cromwell's army launched a victorious reconquest of Ireland beginning late in 1649. Meanwhile, in 1650, the Scots signed the Treaty of Breda with the executed king's eldest son, King Charles II of Scotland, who was crowned in early 1651.
Although the young king narrowly averted captivity, the overwhelming victory of Cromwell and Parliament brought the Third English Civil War, as well as the broader War of the Three Kingdoms to an end.
The conflict resulted in massive amounts of injury, death, psychological suffering, pillage, and destruction in many parts of England, which was proportionally as great as that of the First World War (1914-18).
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