In the history of the Eastern Mediterranean, the end of the bronze age and the beginning of the iron age were marked by an exceptional cultural disorder that followed the decline of prosperous economies and cultures in Greece, Egypt, the Levant and Anatolia. In the 12th century BC, at the same time as these events, significant cultural changes occurred in the archaeological records of Ashkelon, Ashdod and Ekron, three of the five major cities of Pentapolis or pyatigrad, referred to as "Philistine" in the Tanakh or Jewish Bible. These settlements differed from the neighboring ones by architectural traditions and material culture. The similarities between the new cultural features and 13th-century specimens found in the Aegean regions led some scholars to explain this so-called "Philistine phenomenon" by migrations from the Aegean sea and potentially associated with the "peoples of the sea", or a group of tribes that, at the end of the bronze age, migrated or invaded the countries of Asia Minor, the Eastern Mediterranean coast, and Egypt. This hypothesis was challenged by those who argued that these cultural changes were caused by the spread of knowledge or the internal development of ideas rather than by large-scale migrations. But even among those who have embraced the idea of large-scale migrations, the homeland of newcomers is disputed, with proposed alternatives including Cyprus or Cilicia, "non-Aegean" Eastern Mediterranean peoples and mixed heterogeneous Maritime groups akin to pirates.
#science #Israel #archaeology #history #genetics #Ashkelon
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Based on the article: Ancient DNA sheds light on the genetic origins of early Iron Age Philistines doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax0061
Michal Feldman, Daniel M. Master, Raffaela A. Bianco, Marta Burri, Philipp W. Stockhammer, Alissa Mittnik, Adam J. Aja, Choongwon Jeong and Johannes Krause
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