A lot of people are asking why Britain (or Spain, Portugal, etc.) is not labeled as an empire considering the existence of a "British Empire". Well, Britain may have have had an overseas "empire" but no British monarch has ever held the title "Emperor of Great Britain" or claimed to have had an empire within the borders of the European continent. Several did hold the title of emperor but that was as Emperor of *India" only. As for other decisions I made throughout the video, keep in mind that many of them are indeed subjective and could be debated. But the whole thing is meant to be a broad overview only and that's why I'm not too worried about every little detail.

In 1920 the Kingdom of Hungary was restored, but the Allies would not accept any return of Charles IV. It was thus decided to select a regent to represent the monarchy. Miklós Horthy, the last commanding admiral of the Austro-Hungarian Navy, was chosen for this position on 1 March. In 1921 Charles IV returned in Hungary, and tried to retake the thorne, but he failed, and exiled to Madeira, where he died in 1922. Miklós Horthy was a de facto king until 15th October 1944 when the The Arrow Cross Party take over the power, and their leader Ferenc Szálasi established a new Nazi-backed government, effectively turning Hungary into a German-occupied puppet state. According to a widely circulated, if apocryphal contemporary story, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked an aide in the early weeks of the US involvement in what came to be called World War II, if Hungary, which had just declared war against the United States, was a kingdom or a republic. “A kingdom, Mr. President”, the aide replied. This dialogue followed: FDR: What’s the King’s name? Aide: Hungary doesn’t have a King. FDR: Then who runs the kingdom? Aide: A Regent by the name of Admiral Miklós Horthy. FDR: Admiral? Then Hungary must have a powerful navy. Aide: Hungary has no navy; it doesn’t even have access to the sea. FDR: Wars are often fought for religious reasons. What’s the main religion there? Aide: Catholicism, Mr. President. But Admiral Horthy is Protestant. FDR: Did this admiral declare war on us because of territorial claims then? Aide: Hungary’s territorial claims are against Romania. FDR: In that case, did Hungary declare war on Romania? Aide: No, Hungary and Romania are allies. FDR: Let me get this straight. Hungary is a kingdom run by a Regent who’s an admiral without a navy, and it is allied with Romania against which it has territorial claims but it has declared war on the U.S. against which it doesn’t. Aide: That’s right, Mr. President.”

Crusader Kings 2 > map mode > show kingdoms

Should do Asia next, I and many other Europeans I'm sure get pretty confused with all dynasties and kingdoms in China alone, so Asia should be fun

I feel like this really could have benefited from some individual colors for the various empires/kingdoms. Especially when things got complicated (HRE controlling Spain, Aragon controlling parts of Italy, etc.) That minor complaint aside, this video was an enjoyable summary and I think this could be a promising format if you decide to do more like it.

What determine the status of duchies, principalities, kingdoms, empires etc? You should make some video about the ranking and history of different noble and royal titles.

Today's video is a little different than usual. Let me know what you think.

THANK YOU for recognizing that huns and magyars are not the same people. As a hungarian it infuriates me

I liked this video. It understandably left a lot out because it's a huge, vast subject. I think it's a great sort of background to help put the more specific events of European history into context. One might even call it a useful chart!

This is a really great overview ⭐️. I can't imagine all the work you put in to summarize this way. Thanks so much!

What is baffling is that up to 1950, France still had an Exile law that prohibited all rulers of France and their descendants to even set foot in France. One of the princes good imprisoned for 2 years because he went to France despite the law. One of them had to get special authorization to continue his study there. I mean... It was 70 years ago. My dad was born when the law was still effective. O__o

The visual impact of the last minute of the video is stunning! Such a polite and antiseptic movement of little symbols of icons, representing the shedding of so much blood and the inflicting of so much misery.

The Scandinavian kingdoms definitively emerged earlier before the north sea empire, having had multiple kings before then.

I stumbled across your channel and Im so impressed! Your videos are incredibly easy to understand history. As opposed to learning specific events, it's much easier to comprehend a timeline, and from there branch out and learn details. Keep up the amazing work.

You skipped 1492, the union of Castile and Aragon

I'm from León, Spain viewing this video with a beer in front of the cathedral

There were significantly more kingdoms during the time of the Roman empire. One that is WIDELY overlooked is the Dacian Kingdom. It had two true kings to be exact that are worth noting. Burebista and Decebalus.

I like these different styles of videos and would glady see more of them coming :)

great video short breakdown of rulers loved it !! love all your vids /charts a truly great channel

After WWI Hungary remained a monarchy, but without a king only ruled by a regent.

Thank you for this video, sir . I loved it

Perfect start to my weekend

Very cool video, a great concept, well explained and well illustrated. Thank you a lot for this one !

I really loved this video. There's a lot to learn of european history when looking at this different perspective, one of dynasties and crowns.

My Friday is finally complete!

Nice video, just a few notes. The kingdom of Navarre should be included, its small but unlike Ireland or elsewhere, it was long lived and fully united. Secondly, "Islamic Taifas" should not be included - that isn't a united kingdom. Also, Austria was renamed to Austria-Hungary in 1867. Also, how come you decided to mark Germany and Austria as empires but not Britain or Spain (or for that matter, Italy, Bulgaria or the Dutch)?

Absolutely wonderful video. History of Europe might be overwhelming with all these events. This video going through all the key points is just amazing. It would be great to have a similar video for Asia.

my man. ur vids are fire and so are ur charts. keep it up

It's kind of sad when a kingdom that has existed for 770 years is extinguished. Rip 1025-1795

Extraordinarily marvelous. Great conceptual approach.

I'm really grateful you made a video about European Kingdoms. We barely got to study them in our history class since we're more focused on our own East Asian History. I remember way back that if I wanted to learn something about Europe I had to do self-study in the library.

Fun fact :slavic knez/knyaz(prince) is derived from German könig (king)

Looks like holding Europe is a bad game of Risk.

Very informative video! Thank you!

Exceptionally interesting video! Thank you!

Very interesting and well-done!

Oh boy, =) great video, although I would disagree with a lot of choices on where you cut your path. Nontheless I like your view of the general outline a lot! Keep up the great work! =)

one of the best vidoes on utube , huge thanks for this great and informative lesson :)

Wow! This is the explanation I've been looking for! Thank you! Please do more of this, like Asian kingdom etc

The reason you start at the Roman Empire for kingdoms in case you're wondering is because before that there were petty tribal kings, which were only around for a thousand years at best since they arrived in Europe 3,000 years ago from the present day. Before that the Uralic & Basque people were the dominant tribes in Europe, of which only the Basque, Skjáldic & Sámi people remain in Europe. And even then Skjáldic is questionable since their region sat close to the Russian Europe-Asia split at the Ural mountains. I mean it doesn't anymore, Russia genocided the shit out of them & their remaining people are scattered around Europe, Central Asia, Australia & the American continent. So the majority technically lives in Europe but their home-region is on the borders of Asia.

20:43 I Think You Mean Since The Fall Of The Ostrogoth Kingdom?

Great video. It's very helpful.

Very informative and concise!

I enjoyed the hell out of this! (Yes, I've checked out OllieBye and EmperorTigerstar too 😊.) Could I suggest, as a future possibility, a similar video concerning the zillions of German duchies/principalities/city-states/kingdoms/? There were so many for awhile, and as a history nerd on the wrong side of the pond, it can be hard to keep track of what would be where. Come to that, an Italian one could be interesting too...

Russia became an Empire("Tzarstvo" in Russian) under Ivan IV, so much sooner than you showed in your graph here. And Serbia became a Kingdom under Mihajlo Vojislavljevic in 1077 for the first time, and an Empire Under Dusan Nemanjic in mid XIV century. You also missed the Bulgarian Empire. And a Bosnian Kingdom.

Very interesting, thanks!

This was very well done 👍

Why is the water white and the land blue 😡🤦‍♂️

Do a video about the succession to the ottoman throne and maybe a video on the monarchies of Bohemia and Liechtenstein

Fantastic work.

would love to see more of these!

4:10 "those tribes don't make there way to Spain but to Spain and Portugal where Suebi and Alans establish themselve in Portugal and the only that really establish only in spain was the vandals.

the Norwegian Kingdom started in 872 and nobody can tell me otherwise >:) Great video, fun to see how long lasting certain kingdoms are

great video as usual

NICE! LOVED IT. THANKS.💖😎

Mate Georgia was kingdom for almost whole of its existence

The Kingdom of Italy is not the First time Italy has been united since the Roman Empire.

Great video!

great job!!!!!

10:01 The first south slavic kingdom was the bulgarian one after all 90% of its subjects were slavs and by this time even the ruling classes were speaking old bulgarian which was a south slavic language not bulgar and their ethnic origins were mostly slavic as well.

Top Historical Figures by Centuries Krishna - Vedic Religious leader 3000bc Narmer - First King of Egypt 3000bc Sargon - Akkadian Conqueror 2300bc Moses - Religious figure from Egypt 1000bc Cyrus - Founder of Persian Empire 500bc Buddha - Religious figure from India 400bc Alexandre - Founder of Macedon Empire 300bc Chandra - Founder of Maurya Empire 300bc Ashoka - Emperor of Maurya Empire 200bc Huangdi - Founder of Qin Dynasty 200bc Gauzu - Founder of Han Dynasty 200bc Julius - Roman general & dictator 100bc Augustus - First Emperor of Rome 100bc Jesus - Religious figure in Christianity Ardashir - Founder of Sassanid Empire 200ad Shapur II - Longest Sassanid monarch 300ad Constantine - Christian Emperor 300ad Atilla - Feared leader of Huns 400ad Muhammad - Leader of Islam 600ad Charlemagne - Emperor of Rome 800ad William - Norman Conqueror of England 1000ad Arslan - Second Sultan of Seljuk Empire 1000ad Sallahudin - Enemy of Christian Crusaders 1100ad Genghis - Founder & Khan of Mongol Empire 1100ad Kublai - Founder & Khan of Yuan Dynasty 1200ad Osman I - Founder of Ottoman Dynasty 1300ad Musa I - Wealthy King of Mali Empire 1300ad Hongwu - Founding Emperor of Ming Dynasty 1300ad Columbus - Explorer who discovered Americas 1400ad Nanak - Religious figure of Sikhism 1400ad Tamerlane - Founder of Timurid Empire 1400ad Babur - First Emperor of Mughal Dynasty 1500ad Suleiman - Longest reigning Ottoman Sultan 1500ad Akbar - Third Emperor of Mughal Empire 1500ad Leyasu - Founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate 1500ad Ivan - Tsar of Kievan Rus Empire 1500ad Washington - First President of United States 1700ad Napoleon - Emperor of the French 1700ad Ranjit - Unifier of Punjab & leader of Sikh Empire 1700ad Bolivar - Liberator of Latin America 1700ad

very good! thank you

Very Excellent Maestros 👍🔥

Took me a while to realize the blue was Europe

You should have mentioned the Bosnian kingdom in 1389 since it was the most powerful force in western Balkan at that time under king Tvrtko Kotromanić.

That was just .... AMAZING!

Amazing video. I love to see the history of all these countries before they were even kingdoms

21:20 Well Ottomans did continue until 1922 even if they were de facto'd by outside powers and republic of Turkey

This was a good video! Happy to see you didnt label the British Empire as an Empire as it had no Emperor.

Awesome video. You should put the best assumption for country borders if you can for similar videos in the future. I know it’d be a lot more work 😂 but not knowing which countries were established while the kingdoms were ruling was kinda confusing

Omg this is great!

do a video about the descendants of the byzantine emperors that are still alive, please!!!!

Ah yes... the "Holy" "Roman" "Empire"

Thanks for the video. I very much enjoyed this alternative way of seeing/listening to broad European history via a geographical context ( rather than genealogical ). I agree with another poster... maybe Asia next. Maybe even Africa. And it wouldn't necessarily have to be kingdoms, just the evolution of major political boundaries.

Love it!

9:56 Bulgaria: Am i a joke to you ???

10:58 It's pronounced "Arl" (french r, mute last letters)

One might have something to add, but basically... Very proficient as usual! Compliments!

superb presentation

Vatican city is a monarchy in a way.

The Bulgarian kingdom was established in 681 in the Balkans. One of the oldest in Europe. It is not found in your 720 map, maybe not too extensive research.

Wow, in less than half an hour you just taught me more than 6 years of public school history class (or ‘social studies’ as it got named in the 70s) ever did!

Stable video👍

part of me wants to add about 20 to whenever i see the HRE, as it was never unified, but worked more like a monarchic EU of sorts. part of me wants to point at the EMPIRE part.

You use Englad-Scotland, Denmark-Norway and so on meanwhile you refer to Spain as "Spain", instead of Castile-Leon-Aragon-etc. The title of king of Spain was only used (oficially) at the 19c.

Great video! you should make videos like this for asia and africa (suggestion).

Yessssss thank you!!

How weird is it that 6 of the current 7 kingdoms border the North Sea...

Wait, did ottoman sultans wear mosques instead of crowns on their heads?

Hey Usefulchart, you should do a video on the republics of Europe in the future. Just an idea.😊 In a similar concept as this video that is.

nice video really

I am surprised you never labeled Norway as a kingdom after about 872, as Harald Hairfair gathered more of Norway into one kingdom, which gave him the title as the first king of Norway

as a Portuguese, every time you use the world Spain interchangeably with Iberian Peninsula or Iberian Union, a bit of my soul dies....

I would like to note that, for two months, Finland had a king in 1918, Charles I, King of Finland and Karelia. He never actually ruled there and renounced his claim to the throne when Germany lost WW1, but according to some, during those days, Finland was a de jure kingdom.

Great video! I'm curious about the numbering. Sometimes it doesn't seem to match the number of icons shown on the map. E.g. at 15:16 the count is 9 but there are 7 crowns plus the Ottomans. Is it just a typo? I feel like it happens a few times.

What about the Bosnian Kingdom in 1377 and later the tittle got expanded in 1390. Sill primarily Bosnian Kingdom.

The first thing I noticed was that Vatican wasnt included but I guess thats fine cos its really small and no one sees them as a kingdom. Then Great Moravia shouldnt be included cos it was a principality. Btw why when Russia was first created it wasnt clasified as an empire ? What I know first monarch of russia was tsar Ivan the terrible and tsar means emperor

The first kingdom in Europa was Galicia (NW Spain), year 411, suebian king Hermericus, and is the most durable in Europe. It loses its exclusive character in 1845, being from then on the king of Spain, also king of Galicia until today.

the blue land and white water makes a great fantasy map if you view it inverted