Fencing with the Fokos

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Russ Mitchell: Historical Fencer, Movement Expert

Russ Mitchell: Historical Fencer, Movement Expert

2 жыл бұрын

The fokos, or long-handed axe, is a common East-Central European weapon, and learning to use it is fun, too!
This channel was created at the request of students who wanted a handy visual reference for techniques, and in order to help us make new SwordFriends to trade whacks with. Come fence with us! We routinely help long-distance students as well, so if you have questions or constructive commentary, please feel free to ask and/or jabber away below. :)
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Пікірлер: 127
@jurtheorc8117
@jurtheorc8117 Жыл бұрын
With Hellish Quart now having a Fokos user, i reckon you guys are happy to see the humble thing get more representation.
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
Very.
@oskarratka1305
@oskarratka1305 Жыл бұрын
That's actually a polish variation of fokosz, named "ciupaga" in our langugae. Typical weapons for highlanders of Podhale.
@AVGyerra22
@AVGyerra22 Жыл бұрын
@@oskarratka1305 Forgive my ignorance but what are the differences between fokosz and ciupaga? Are they just different axe types or are they different ways to use the same axe?
@oskarratka1305
@oskarratka1305 Жыл бұрын
@@AVGyerra22 fokosz is more in use by Szeklers and other highlanders from southern Carpathians/Transylwania mountains. Ciupaga is typically polish name for that type of axe/staff on the terrain of Tatry, Podhale, northen Karpaty mountains. Is today in use by polish highlanders and as ceremonial weapon of polish mountain troops "Strzelcy Podhalańscy" and polish ciupaga have also use in folk dance. Word "ciupaga" come from polish word "ciupać" which mean a "chop" or something like that. You know, that was also in use for the wood choping. I do not know a Rus and Romanian word for that but I'm sur that Huculs, Slovakians and Romanians have their word for something like that. That's very popular in central Europe mountains.
@yogerrry
@yogerrry Жыл бұрын
@@oskarratka1305 Its Fokos not Fokosz
@gabormerth5174
@gabormerth5174 2 жыл бұрын
An interesting thing: anno, in the World War I, Hungarians taken their fokos' to go in the Big War, and the fokos proved the one of the best option in the face-to-face situations...
@thevulp1xel387
@thevulp1xel387 Жыл бұрын
"Fokos" was sometimes used as a walking stick among the nobles during Rákóczi's time, so it was literally an arm's length away if needed.
@freifechterbasel6115
@freifechterbasel6115 2 жыл бұрын
I loved the fokos ever since watching A Tenkes Kapitànya. Never knew there was still a lineage for it. Thank you for bringing it to my attention!
@LexMadafaka
@LexMadafaka Жыл бұрын
Yeah we, we Hungarians (Magyars), used this great weapon in WW1. It served us well.
@marvelleonline
@marvelleonline Жыл бұрын
Seeing this thing in Hellish Quart made me come get more acquainted. Algorithm did well.
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
Nice to have you! Yes, this channel officially hearts Yendrick. :)
@attila535
@attila535 Жыл бұрын
Fun fact people here in Hungary are given a wooden fokos, when they graduate from high school.
@papanoble8378
@papanoble8378 2 ай бұрын
Yo I need to go to Hungary and marry a Hungarian woman and have a child and have them graduate so I can get one for free
@krystofcisar469
@krystofcisar469 Жыл бұрын
Its hungarian weapon but you can find a lot of similiar axes/canes is neighboring regions. Just in Bohemia and slovakia theres like 5 variations very similliar to this one :) you may see it as ´´wallaschka´´ named after the people who used them - they were spread for northern romania/hungary all the way to moravia and silesia (near to poland/bohmeian borders)
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
Valaska, Ciupaga, etc etc. yup yup! It is a very common regional weapon, and all of them have the relatively light ax head and longer halfft in common, which is a staple of axes on the Great plains here in America, but much rare in western europe.
@gozer87
@gozer87 2 жыл бұрын
Awesome, I've been interested in the fokos since the Armour Archive days.
@edi9892
@edi9892 Жыл бұрын
Got it recommended after watching Hellish Quart new character. I don't know how YT made the connection as the word wasn't mentioned.
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
Yendrick's great!
@BorninPurple
@BorninPurple Жыл бұрын
"It's not an accident that this is flat" An axe-cident, you can say? Please tell me the pun was intentional
@tommyss4l
@tommyss4l 2 жыл бұрын
I find off-line steps to be so much more important with weapons with poles than I used to. I started messing around with a partisan a while back and offline steps are an incredible way to defend yourself while getting in a position to offend your opponent. Now I do them in olympic sabre fencing and everyone looks at me like I'm crazy.
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement 2 жыл бұрын
Old-school sabre has a bunch of them, too. I teach my lightsaber students a modified Radaellian system, and we do a lot of offline stuff.
@tommyss4l
@tommyss4l 2 жыл бұрын
@@russmitchellmovement I'm going to be doing a lightsaber seminar next month, I was definitely going to use offline steps but look more at fiore and cerri. Radelli is a fun idea too.
@PoorMansHEMA
@PoorMansHEMA 2 жыл бұрын
THIS IS EXACTLY WHAT I NEEDED, THANK YOU
@asa-punkatsouthvinland7145
@asa-punkatsouthvinland7145 Жыл бұрын
When I bought my first Dane Axe in the late 90's I experimented to guess how they might be used. At the time I'd devised a sword system braised off 'devolving' French stick fighting. (I wasn't ever formally trained in FSF but taught myself braised on pics) Your video & the techniques shown are essentially the same as how I've been using a Dane Axe for more than 25 years. Very glad to get validation on my guess work! Especially since many have told me over the years I was wrong.
@raspreier
@raspreier 2 жыл бұрын
Oh this is wonderful Russ. Thank you!
@matthewlawrence7056
@matthewlawrence7056 Жыл бұрын
This is a really fun video! Makes me want to play with Fokos!
@bobmartindelcampo4377
@bobmartindelcampo4377 2 жыл бұрын
I had one of these made about 6 years ago from my cold steel rifleman’s hawk for backpacking/self defense. I’ve been waiting for a video like this ever sense.
@ElDrHouse2010
@ElDrHouse2010 10 ай бұрын
this weapon is underrated
@Zodroo_Tint
@Zodroo_Tint 5 ай бұрын
Not in Hungary. :) And those who underrated it in the past got their lesson fast.
@666toysoldier
@666toysoldier Жыл бұрын
I put a small tomahawk head on an ash shaft to make this useful walking stick.
@xyz8512
@xyz8512 2 жыл бұрын
Great stuff! I've been wondering about how to fight with a fokos for years. Just ordered the book!
@robo1540
@robo1540 Жыл бұрын
he actually learnt the pronounciation 🙏
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
Bp-n laktam 3 ev-ig! :)
@Zodroo_Tint
@Zodroo_Tint 5 ай бұрын
@@russmitchellmovement And nobody told you you are in Central-Europe? :) That city is the least Hungarian hearted city in Hungary. :)
@kleinjahr
@kleinjahr 2 жыл бұрын
Made a walking stick/cane with a shingling hatchet for the handle. Works well.
@bharnden7759
@bharnden7759 2 жыл бұрын
Reminds me of the CS axe-head walking stick. Just longer
@adarvirohfanbelarus8889
@adarvirohfanbelarus8889 Жыл бұрын
First - nice t-shirt print :) With my son we played fence smth like that. About blocking with polearm noticed few things: 1. its really very intuitive and useful to use top of the head 5:45 for blocking. Its not hard to aim and if I miss vs morph/feint its easy to porceed parrying with shaft and as a third backdrop option - just dodge back. 2. When blocking with a shaft its very useful to leave shaft with back hand to save fingers agains dirrection morph. So I can still block with the middle of the shaft, but my back hand in safe and front hand better covered by the head. 3. By onehanding long weapon 9:26 its harder physically to block smth coming from 10, 2, 5, 7 hours. Because weight concentrated closer to the head. Tho with heavy axes and maces its almost impossible. The best weapon to block such hits is Bastard Sword imho with its weight concentrated closer to the handle. About this question I want to investigate trench figths between English and German infantry in WW1. First used swords and second used maces.
@karlvongazenberg8398
@karlvongazenberg8398 7 ай бұрын
Boys (actually youn men) usually get a wooden ceremonial one finishning school or high-school (14 or 18 yo respectively) in Hungary. Also, during the Rákóczi-era (early 18th century) it was a forbidden weapon - so people walked with a stick and a fokos-head in their pocket/pouch.... This and the long "karikás ostor" whip are iconic commoner Hungarian weapons.
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement 7 ай бұрын
But they cannot forbid you from having a walking stick, so you just pull the Ax head out of your pocket and slide it down your cane and step on it with your foot so it's secure and then you go to town on the evil Austrian tax collector. :)
@user-un5xj1wl6p
@user-un5xj1wl6p Жыл бұрын
I have a bunch of Fokos-es at home as decoration, but I'll get a new war spec one to be more EDC.
@ScottGrow117
@ScottGrow117 2 жыл бұрын
Him: “Would you punch this 40 times?” Me: “Depends on who you are. I know the kind of people who would because “reasons.”
@user-qk2bz6mv4m
@user-qk2bz6mv4m 11 ай бұрын
honestly, the first time I heard that a bartka is still called a fokos, when the Helish quart supplement about Yandrek came out. I have seen this weapon since my childhood, especially when the guard of the tomb of Christ was traditionally arranged in the church before Easter. I was born in Lviv, so we are not far from the Carpathians, I suspect that my ancestors are from there, as my surname is very similar to Carpathian surnames
@Zodroo_Tint
@Zodroo_Tint 5 ай бұрын
What is your surname? Maybe it has a meaning in my language. :)
@TheZerech
@TheZerech 6 ай бұрын
Love any and all Shepard's Ace content! Saw a bunch of copper headed "bartky" when I was in Ukraine's Hutsulshchyna. Unfortunately if there exists living lineages and memories of martial techniques from that region, they're not well known, and more likely they went exinct a while ago.
@petroandras
@petroandras Жыл бұрын
Also, carrying a weapon was not permitted in a quite long period for most people in Hungary. A walking stick is another matter. And, as you have demonstrated, the axe head can be taken off/put on sort of easy, and (unless its a big one) fits in a pocket...
@Zodroo_Tint
@Zodroo_Tint 5 ай бұрын
Chinese are forbidden to carry weapon, they turn their tools to weapon. Hungarians are forbidden to carry weapon they camuflage their weapon as tools. :)
@crimsonfox87fluxule62
@crimsonfox87fluxule62 9 ай бұрын
This is absolutely incredible, your training equipment is top-notch and I would absolutely love to know more about where I could purchase it and how I could get a hold of these myself because I'm incredibly interested in such a tool / weapon.
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement 9 ай бұрын
Hmu on Patreon -- there's no way to get your deets safety here.
@crimsonfox87fluxule62
@crimsonfox87fluxule62 9 ай бұрын
@@russmitchellmovement I got to go to your patreon in order to check out any products you may sell or recommend? The plastic ones are only available there? No website?
@crimsonfox87fluxule62
@crimsonfox87fluxule62 9 ай бұрын
@@russmitchellmovement I also really appreciate you responding to my comment.
@stuffguru
@stuffguru 2 жыл бұрын
This is gonna be a great visual aid to go with your book i have. Cheers for that! 🍻 Also, where can i get all those axe heads?
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement 2 жыл бұрын
Purpleheart Armory for the metal ones. I have a friend who 3d prints ours who might be willing to provide a few for sale if you're interested. Otherwise, making your own from two sandwiched pieces of leather or a thickish piece of fun cut through to accommodate a stick is not at all hard. If you're seriously in the market for plastic party axes, let me know -- if enough folks are, it might be worth my bud's printer time to create them for y'all.
@wodenpwn
@wodenpwn 2 жыл бұрын
@@russmitchellmovement I would be interested in a couple of the axe heads.
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement 2 жыл бұрын
@@wodenpwn Okay, I'll talk with my guy.
@janpelech1882
@janpelech1882 11 ай бұрын
it was very practical weapon not only in fight again enemy, but in the past dogs have a free movie in villages and fields and when somebody had to need to defence themself it was very practise. in the past (16, 17 century) hajdusi (hungarian hajdúk), anti turkey soldiers, used shorts muskets, sabres and typical second cold weapon was fokos.
@strikingglintproduction6817
@strikingglintproduction6817 2 жыл бұрын
Amazing video! Me and some club mates have been looking at Hungarian saber and fokos lately, so this is a wonderful video for bolstering our understanding. What wood did you use for the axe haft? We've been trying to construct a pair for training purposes and we can't agree on a wood type.
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement 2 жыл бұрын
These are built exceptionally LIGHTLY so that the lighter plastic axe head isn't overwhelmed by the weight of the handle. So they're basically just poplar dowels.
@fargobryce8193
@fargobryce8193 Жыл бұрын
This is something that I was told a few decades ago by an old peasant /farmer in Hungary: "We cut a nice hazel wood cane and remove the bark, then we hide it in the (cow) dung heap for a year, so it gets saturated by those juices. Then we pull it out, wipe it dry and hang it on the attic for another year, often weighed down with a stone at the bottom end, so it becomes perfectly straight, dries out completely. That's how we make the canes we have, this way they become very strong, resilient, able to suffer tribulation without cracking. And by the way, that's how we make the haft of the fokos too." Just remembered this when reading your question regarding the haft. :)
@xyz8512
@xyz8512 2 жыл бұрын
Another video on more advanced techniques, other binds etc. would be great.
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement 2 жыл бұрын
Fokos isn't codified even to the extent that sabre is, so we don't have a synoptic table full of cool moves. It's very much a "play around and use it" sort of organic learning weapons form. Have you checked the next fokos video? It gives a bit more.
@xyz8512
@xyz8512 2 жыл бұрын
@@russmitchellmovement I did! Yes, thanks. Can't help but ask for more, even if it's "new" or cross-cultural.
@ducksman7954
@ducksman7954 6 ай бұрын
Them hutsul never mess
@killforfunandmoney69
@killforfunandmoney69 2 жыл бұрын
Awesome video! Did Csaba go into into particular techniques when it’s fokos v. fokos?
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement 2 жыл бұрын
Hooking and trapping primarily, but he primarily taught fokos vs sword/sabre while I was there. Bear in mind that it's been 20 years since I lived in Hungary, so neither of us are going to be doing a perfect mirror image of the specific snapshot-in-time when I was there.
@axessdenyd
@axessdenyd Жыл бұрын
What are you using for a trainer? I would like to acquire a couple because these seem pretty awesome.
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
Plastic party axes. :)
@axessdenyd
@axessdenyd Жыл бұрын
@@russmitchellmovement...is that just what you can the printed ones you make? I plan to buy some when you have them up for sale. I'm working on getting some leather together to make some trainers right now.
@dawidwojacki5049
@dawidwojacki5049 Жыл бұрын
Intrestigly polish version of this axe - "ciupaga", does not have a spike on the other side.
@voltekthecyborg7898
@voltekthecyborg7898 Жыл бұрын
Also called a shepherd's ax, cause it was very popular with East-Central European shepherds. Never heard it called the Long Handled Tomahawk before. (Also, quick fun fact, tomahawk in Algonquin means "ax".)
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
Yes, but if I were to JUST call it a long-handled axe, people would think of the big Danish jobs. :)
@voltekthecyborg7898
@voltekthecyborg7898 Жыл бұрын
@@russmitchellmovement Yeah
@thisisliterallymemaybe9260
@thisisliterallymemaybe9260 Жыл бұрын
Where can I buy one of these fokos? I already know Hungarian saber and want to mix up my weapon match ups in my sparring matches!
@fwi1298
@fwi1298 Жыл бұрын
one could also use these movements with a walking stick
@Axiom0912
@Axiom0912 Жыл бұрын
Hi Master Mitchel, good evening! Just got your book and going over your videos, where can I get a training sabre like that of your student's? Thank you in advance!
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
They are made by Michal Sadowski of Medieval Armory. While not suited for tournaments due to lack of flex, they are very effective beaters.
@Axiom0912
@Axiom0912 Жыл бұрын
@@russmitchellmovement Thank you very much, master! I will check it out!
@PoorMansHEMA
@PoorMansHEMA 2 жыл бұрын
Do you have any good sparring with fokos or your sabre to go along with the book? Thanks
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement 2 жыл бұрын
"Good sparring" is a fraught term, particularly on the interwebs. We're fokosed ( hehe ) on instructional content at the moment, but bouting video will eventually come along, too.
@Jb3rt_133
@Jb3rt_133 Жыл бұрын
Yendrek: AY!!!
@yesman8564
@yesman8564 Жыл бұрын
Where did you get the rubber heads? I absolutely need them!
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
3d printed. The guy doing our will offer some for sale this coming year if all works well.
@paradoxworkshop4659
@paradoxworkshop4659 Жыл бұрын
Axes tickle.
@googlommolgoog2313
@googlommolgoog2313 Жыл бұрын
where do you get the plastic axes?? i bought your book and really want to try the fokos but trainers are harder to come by
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
I have had them 3D printed, and I have some available for Patreon patrons but we do not have them generally available for sale yet. That is hopefully coming in the next few months.
@Sirmodzel
@Sirmodzel Жыл бұрын
This is CIUPAGA in Poland
@ederozgonyi5335
@ederozgonyi5335 Жыл бұрын
Fokos means exactly spiked. Greetings from Hungary
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
Backed, not spiked, olyan mit fokel szablyaval.
@garynaccarato4606
@garynaccarato4606 Жыл бұрын
If things like this existed far back enough into the past particularly more so the medieval period then I picture that something like this could have possibly been used on a medieval as sort of a hand half weapon and would have possibly been used either one handed with a shield or sort of two handed without a shield even though it still would have necessarily ideal for doing either of those things if it was hypothetically brought onto a battlefield.
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
We have examples back to the 9th century.
@Zodroo_Tint
@Zodroo_Tint 5 ай бұрын
There are videos on KZfaq what shows it is actually a very good weapon against Sword and Sabre. It is a good battle weapon on its own right. Now imagine every peasent knows how to use it! And imagine thousands of peasant in a battle. It works.
@Zodroo_Tint
@Zodroo_Tint 5 ай бұрын
@@russmitchellmovement I think we have clear evidence the Huns used it so do the Scythians. So the weapon is probably several millenia old now.
@conor6607
@conor6607 Жыл бұрын
Is there any relation to this family of axes to the variety of axes utilized by the Norse in the Viking Age and previous periods like the Wendol Period? I know the Norse were very much present in Eastern Europe, making settlements like Kiev and Novgorod, as well as fighting and allying themselves depending on the day and groups involved with Slavs and Hungarians, as well as other steppe nomads present at the time. In particular the Norse were infamous for their use of axes as primary sidearms and/or weapons, and their axes seemed to be used in very similar ways by reconstruction artists.
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
The aggravating answer is that we have absolutely no idea. There is a stark lack of the kind of evidence we would need in order to begin answering that question on a historical basis.
@conor6607
@conor6607 Жыл бұрын
@@russmitchellmovement That's certainly true, there is a lack of written records from early Middle Ages for Scandinavia; I think Eastern Europe is on a similar standing in some regions, but I am certainly not as familiar there as Scandinavia. The Byzantines would be where most Viking Age scholars find written records related to the Norse in the east, or some Arab sources. I don't think those people are likely to care though about the northern barbarians trading tool/weapon ideas with each other.. I only asked as the living examples of the Fokos are similar to many archeological finds, which are the only evidence available for this kind of question. Then there was the Geographical relation through Norse exploration in the late eighth to twelfth centuries. Even if we are unable to find an answer for this question, sorry about that, I think it is still fascinating to think about! Thanks for entertaining my question for a bit, and for the videos; they've been incredibly informative, wish I had found them when I was just starting with axe work and saber work.
@akos9751
@akos9751 Жыл бұрын
the fokos already appeared among the Scythians and spread among the peoples who lived a horse-archery lifestyle
@alanhirjak7287
@alanhirjak7287 Жыл бұрын
Where did you get your plastic fokos? I've been running around like a headless chicken looking for a HEMA sparring safe fokos. Obviously very little is gonna be safe for full intent sparring but i want to get as safe as i can. Also, is the handle a hardwood or something with some flex like pine?
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
I have a student who has 3D printed some ax heads and they are squishy and pretty darn safe for sparring. Certainly more safe than your feder. Eventually he will offer some for sale to help underwrite the school. In the meantime, the hafts are either popular which is not very good or rattan which is excellent
@alanhirjak7287
@alanhirjak7287 Жыл бұрын
@@russmitchellmovement Ah, ok, I figured something like that. Do you think I could make a 3d printed fokos more safe for sparring by making a leather jacket for the ax head?
@joejoelesh1197
@joejoelesh1197 2 жыл бұрын
Where do you get plastic party axe heads?
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement 2 жыл бұрын
3d-printed. We're testing them under sparring conditions and then may make a few available for sale to folks who'd like some to play with. Leather also works.
@benchase7537
@benchase7537 5 ай бұрын
Were light axe heads like this used exclusively as weapons? Or were they also tools?
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement 5 ай бұрын
Yes. Fokos is weapon first tool second, unlike a hawk which is the opposite.
@benchase7537
@benchase7537 5 ай бұрын
@@russmitchellmovement that's interesting. The shepherds axe and tomahawk seem to have very similar blade dimensions. A lot of the guys in the bushcraft community seem to think the hawk is almost useless. Maybe some context is missing.
@domingos8214
@domingos8214 Жыл бұрын
Where you got your training fokos?
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
Student made them. We'll offer some for sale soonish
@domingos8214
@domingos8214 Жыл бұрын
@@russmitchellmovement thanks, i was looking fowards to train it
@janhubjak9833
@janhubjak9833 Жыл бұрын
Ahoj valaška have mehr funkcion for example ring an backsyde
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
Ahoj! ....ale nerozumim!
@AndorJuracsik-vl6hx
@AndorJuracsik-vl6hx Жыл бұрын
Jó ilyet is látni
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
Remek. Tobbet?
@AndorJuracsik-vl6hx
@AndorJuracsik-vl6hx Жыл бұрын
Jó volna mester
@DustyPazner
@DustyPazner Жыл бұрын
The oldest weapon in time! A stick with something on the end of it. From peasants killing platoons of soldiers to slavic horseman with the doom eyes in chain mail!
@andorharanyi5962
@andorharanyi5962 Жыл бұрын
Érdekes... :3
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
Nagyon jo ez a fegyver!
@andorharanyi5962
@andorharanyi5962 Жыл бұрын
@@russmitchellmovement In the right hands, any weapon is perfect. ^^
@vulpestraining8862
@vulpestraining8862 Жыл бұрын
Need a training fokos? kzfaq.info/get/bejne/b7yVeslonsW0ZKc.html
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement Жыл бұрын
Spoke with your Tuhan. Your stuff *may* be heavier than we'd need, would need to check it out. That said, I'm always trying to help folks refine their products whether I have a stake in that success or not -- I'd be happy to run one of yours through its paces if you're interested.
@Zodroo_Tint
@Zodroo_Tint 5 ай бұрын
Central-Europe not East-Central-Europe! It is easy to understand, if we see the geography Central-Europe is in the middle of Europe. If we see the culture Central-Europe is inbetween the Germans, the Russians and the Turkish owned Balkan. So basically Hungary, Czechia, Poland, sometimes Croatia and basically this is all. In the east from this there are mostly countries under russian influence, in the west it is mostly german influence. In the north there is a sea and in the south there is the Balkan what is a different world. Central-Europe has a different culture than any other part of Europe because the culture was defined by its location what is unique therefore can't be given to any other nation. Germany is not Central-Europe it is West, they have ties to the West, they have roots in the West, they are related to the West they only tried to expand to the East, never tried to come as a friend. It was called Eastern-Europe by the western people during the Cold War and it is called Eastern-Europe or East-Central-Europe today because Central-Europe is historically independent from the West and Western-Europe don't want independent Central-Europe anymore. They want cheap manufacturing force.
@russmitchellmovement
@russmitchellmovement 5 ай бұрын
I am well aware of the geographical distinction, but since Alpine cultures also have "rough fokos equivalents," I used the broader term.
@gurchtschalllly
@gurchtschalllly Ай бұрын
omg amrican who knows how to pronounce s sz))))
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