Agree, I'm starting to get used to the no-stache face... ...and that is an awful thing to happen with my world😳

Sometimes, it's the lady's choice. ("no more scratchy head")

@@davidschneide5422 if so, she should bow to the science community and deal with it 😁

Please don't

Nope, definitely better looking as he is!

Grew up here in Aurora, so Fermi was a mainstay for the area, yes.

One thing my wandering mind came up with is using strong, precise neutrino beams as communication encoders/carriers. They would be perfect because they can go trough matter without interacting as ghostly as they are, yet hard to utilise untill we understand them better. But imagine if used for the something like the internet it could mean we can beam data trough the earth to the desired receiver instead of having to rely on our gigantic cable network that goes around the surface, cutting time and making the whole thing operate faster. Also creates options for a more direct peer-to-peer approach for communication. Other things that pop to mind are maybe they can be used for imaging tools for new purposes, like X-ray has. We just need to know them with more precision and how they do interact with other physics. Cool little things, they are! Edit: This starts to sound a lot like sub-space communication from Star Trek hehehe

Someone with more knowledge can probably come with some specific answers as to how this can help, but it's often the case that research like this leads to technologies that were entirely unintended. If scientists didn't play around with electricity in the 1800s with no real clue of its applications, what would the world look like today? And research into quantum phenomena directly leads to things like better semiconductors and thus modern technology.

The applications are always largely the same with high energy physics. There's usually a few go-to ones: Sometimes learning the rules of our universe don't have obvious applications right now, but will down the line. An example is Einstein coming up with special and general relativity (both seemingly having no use for the layman in the 1930s), and both of those were incredibly important 50 years later when the US needed to perfectly sync 26 satellites in motion to create a Global Position System (GPS, which everybody uses near daily). Another benefit of high energy physics research is the stuff that's invented in the journey. Such as the world wide web (made to share documents at CERN), or better concrete or tunnel-bores or air-motion systems for underground colliders. Which then help mining and city foundation-laying operations worldwide. A third benefit is the actual direct benefits of the discovery, whatever it may be. Sometimes there's an immediate use (such as with electric lightbulbs or xray scans), and sometimes it's a delayed use (such as burning information into a DVD using lasers, or some future radiation proofing of shuttles for trips to Mars. The fourth, more philosophical benefit is that it yields something we can be proud of as humans. A military veteran or congressman might wonder how high energy research might aid in the military defense of the United States. A better thing to wonder is what in the United States is worth defending if not our arts and scientific achievements.

The ToE neutrino.

@@jaspertuin2073 Considerung how weakly they interact, I'd say they are very impractical both for communication and for imaging. You'd need to emit a _huge_ amount of them so that you can receive even some tiny few at the end. And obviously for emitting a huge amount of them, you'd need a huge amount of energy.

Happy Easter!

The protons (red lights) are what are being accelerated and directed at the beam on the far right producing the neutrinos. (green light)

That "symmetric grid" illustration that everyone puts in pop-sci videos is crap. It's really misleading and leaves out a lot of information. There are other illustrations that are better. If the chart included chirality, then the sterile neutrino would fit into an obvious gap. (Anyway, that chart doesn't show anti-particles, or color charge... there are several different gluons, for example. Above the electroweak unification energy the W±, Z⁰, and photon don't exist, etc. etc.)

I don't think they can be detected directly, but Fermilab can (hopefully) find out if they truly exist by examining more closely the behavior of the neutrinos that they can detect.

it's indirect. It modifies the oscillation vs. propagation behavior in a manner that is inconsistent with 3 states. It's kind of light shinning unpolarized light on a birefringent crystal...you instantly see that light has two different propagation states, but there is no room in the observation to accommodate an unseen 3rd state.

that is a really good question. The answer is NO! and yes, See: Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect...which requires a beginner graduate level to really understand...it's one of the more subtle effects out there.

Nice answer DrDeuteron

the only real application for neutrino physics (excluding neutrino astronomy) is using neutrino beam under Wall Street to do line-of-sight communication at 0.99999999? the speed of light, beating fiber and EM signals on the surface by micro-to-milli seconds, allowing ultra flash trading. Billions invested, trillions paid out.

The applications are always largely the same with high energy physics. There's usually a few go-to ones: Sometimes learning the rules of our universe don't have obvious applications right now, but will down the line. An example is Einstein coming up with special and general relativity (both seemingly having no use for the layman in the 1930s), and both of those were incredibly important 50 years later when the US needed to perfectly sync 26 satellites in motion to create a Global Position System (GPS, which everybody uses near daily). Another benefit of high energy physics research is the stuff that's invented in the journey. Such as the world wide web (made to share documents at CERN), or better concrete or tunnel-bores or air-motion systems for underground colliders. Which then help mining and city foundation-laying operations worldwide. A third benefit is the actual direct benefits of the discovery, whatever it may be. Sometimes there's an immediate use (such as with electric lightbulbs or xray scans), and sometimes it's a delayed use (such as burning information into a DVD using lasers, or some future radiation proofing of shuttles for trips to Mars. The fourth, more philosophical benefit is that it yields something we can be proud of as humans. A military veteran or congressman might wonder how high energy research might aid in the military defense of the United States. A better thing to wonder is what in the United States is worth defending if not our arts and scientific achievements.

What a perfect answer

no, freedom units use "tomato" and "tomato".

Temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy; 0° Kelvin or 0° Rankine correspond to motionless atoms. The Planck Temperature (~10^32°K) is considered the hottest temperature. Look up "Planck Units"; they are quite a trip.

Temperature is related to high fast particles move. If they don't move at all, you have zero Kelvin. Obviously, moving less than not moving at all is not possible. (Actually, it's a bit more complicated, but that's the essence of the argument.)

​@@bjornfeuerbacher5514Really dumb question at "I should be asleep but I'm watching physics" o'clock. What would the temperarure be if the average particle speed was, I guess approached, the speed of light? Would that not be the highest temperature? Not awake enough to puzzle through what maximum means when it is more of a limit, or the fact the particles would be a medium affecting the speed of light.

@@markstyles1246 That depends on how close to the speed of light the average speed is. The closer, the higher the temperature. There is no "highest" temperature there, as you can get arbitrarily close to the speed of light (90%, 99%, 99,9% etc.).

It is called "How do you detect a Neutrino" I don't think UTube allows links.

kzfaq.info/get/bejne/aNWjZNWXu762c4E.html

That might been what a capacitor storage logic leading to a battery and the induction for the energy transfer? Atoms a with excitement states having battery mock for a time for quick help to holding on to a neutrino?

Based on the Laws of Conservation, how will the neutrino someday power the accelerator question - recognition needed support!

ed.fnal.gov/lsc/store.shtml

Timing, direction, and energy.

Thanks a lot, trying to grasp. @@drdon5205

(I'm just playing lmao😂)

The neutrinos in the beam are all focused in a very small fraction of a second. In addition, they are much higher energy and beamed in a specific direction. Imposing those criteria basically rules out all solar neutrinos.

The short answer is no... in the standard model, but technically, the sterile neutrino is not predicted by the standard model either, but there is a very conspicuously absent right-handed neutrino while electrons (muon, tau) come in both left and right-handed versions. The long explanation has to do with the Higgs mechanism breaking electroweak symmetry, and I'm not going to try to summarize it here.

Higher density than water makes a better target, argon is cheap(er) as it’s more plentiful in the atmosphere compared to xe or kr. It’s in the goldilocks zone.

Thank you.@@plexiglasscorn

you might want to search "liquid argon neutrino detection". U Sheffield has a nice piece on it. THere's a lot subtleties to various detection methods that are too much for a yt comment.

They come out of a proton beam aimed at a target. After the protons hit the target, the neutrinos are produced and scatter with greater probability along the path of the protons they originated from.

@@_John_P Thanks

They are being artificially produced with energies much smaller than the neutrinos coming from the Sun.

part 1: yes, sort of. part 2: idk, the mass is Higgs coupling, not self-energy. See "Weak Isospin"