Francis Bacon: Introduction to the Philosophy of Induction

Рет қаралды 50,422

Күн бұрын

An introduction to the philosophy of Francis Bacon, the father of empiricism. Bacon was born in London in 1561. He was an establishment figure born into one of the most powerful families in Britain. He as a member of the house of commons and the house of lords for 37 years, a lawyer, Attorney General, and a member of the Privy Council, the group who advises the monarch. He died of pneumonia after carrying out experiments with ice in 1626.
He’s interested in the question of what is useful, practical, the pursuit of improving our place in the world. He thought that the scholastic philosophy taught at the time was dry, closed off, esoteric, at a dead end.
First, to know the truth we have to be able to distinguish it from falsehood and for Bacon, the mind does a good job at distorting the truth.
He said that the mind was a ‘crooked mirror’, distorted by what he called idols. He wrote: There are four idols: idols of the tribe, idols of the cave, idols of the marketplace, and idols of the theatre.
To remedy the effect the idols have on the pursuit of knowledge, Bacon advocates for induction: the scientific method.
The Baconian Method starts with simple observations. He said ‘a new beginning has to be made from the lowest foundations.’ Instead of starting at the top, from general ideas, we start from the bottom, from particular observations, and work upwards to ‘general truths’ or axioms.
Then & Now is FAN-FUNDED! Support me on Patreon and pledge as little as $1 per video: patreon.com/user?u=3517018
Or send me a one-off tip of any amount and help me make more videos:
www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr...
Buy on Amazon through this link to support the channel:
amzn.to/2ykJe6L
Follow me on:
Facebook: thethenandnow
Instagram: / thethenandnow
Twitter: / lewlewwaller
Subscribe to the podcast:
podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast...
open.spotify.com/show/1Khac2i...

Пікірлер: 73

@ThenNow 3 жыл бұрын

Support Then & Now: www.patreon.com/thenandnow Sign up to the newsletter: lewwaller.com/newsletter/ Follow me on Twitter: twitter.com/lewlewwaller

@danielamaral8225 3 жыл бұрын

Hi, man. Student of philosophy from Brazil here. Thanks for the channel.

@chigume Жыл бұрын

You've done a better job at explaining Bacon to me in 15 minutes then my Professor could in a 3 hour lecture thank you

@petpaltea 3 жыл бұрын

Great presentation! I hope you are not discouraged by the fact that you get fewer views lately. As a subscriber I must say, that these kinds of videos are hard to digest, because they are educational and as a viewer you are learning. And learning isn't easy. I must admit that I usually skip few videos when you post them, because its not that kind of content/entertainment that you just click-and-watch. But I always return to them when I am at a right place. Looking forward on your new series on specific philosophers! Keep it up!

@kanojo1969 3 жыл бұрын

This is a great episode and a huge step up in production values, congrats.

@nadiyahasanah2278 2 жыл бұрын

The way you give examples makes me go mindblown! Thank youuuu

@ArmorofTruth 3 жыл бұрын

Beautifully done 👌 Thank you for the thoughtful presentation.

@gpcampello 3 жыл бұрын

I love the new format!

@emmagio7126 Жыл бұрын

Thank you for this channel. I highly appreciate your content

@Anonymous-vd5yt 3 жыл бұрын

I love that you almost malfunctioned when you said “he thought stars didn’t give off heat...🤔🤔” lol

@XnaugahydeX 3 жыл бұрын

Nice. Been wanting to read Bacon firsthand after reading Adorno and Horkheimer on him in DoE. Seeing anticipations of Kantian moral law, and the logical positivist's views on language/philosophy.

@Sparkl1ngM1lk 3 жыл бұрын

Helped me with my school assignment! Thanks!

@1Dimee 3 жыл бұрын

Love this!

@trent797 6 ай бұрын

Thanks for this video! I am reading about Bacon in Durant's The Story of Philosophy and I appreciate the additional info in your video.

@alvifatimarizwi7018 3 жыл бұрын

You are amazing.

@mohamednacihi630 2 жыл бұрын

Great presentation

@toofaangamer4534 Жыл бұрын

Thanks sir to refine my knowledge by your lecture I am so helpful to this video

@brassen 3 жыл бұрын

Bacon, 16th century: "The rest they twist to fit that pattern in wonderful ways" [07:40] any troubled soul, 2020: "Are we going in circles?"

@moodist1er 3 жыл бұрын

Circe, circe

@1mfikri 11 ай бұрын

Very well done 👍

@LogicGated Жыл бұрын

Surprised you hadn't covered bacon until now, but glad that you did, great video as usual.

@ayeshaadil146 2 жыл бұрын

Good luck with your work! :)

@1mfikri 11 ай бұрын

Brilliant video...a very well 👍👍👍

@ryanc8701 Жыл бұрын

Great video

@the9263 3 жыл бұрын

excellent. Thanks a lot.

@jay-vx3gt 3 жыл бұрын

thank you for making yt more productive place

@RebNegru 3 жыл бұрын

What about Francis Bacon and a link to Shakespeare ? Many things looks like he was writen by him and we find in Shakespeare.

@moodist1er 3 жыл бұрын

@@Bringadingus it's the same Francis Bacon and I've seen evidence of a geometric confession to as much in a book he published himself.

@moodist1er 3 жыл бұрын

@@Bringadingus kzfaq.info/get/bejne/eth-g62Y3eDciqs.html This seemed rational

@moodist1er 3 жыл бұрын

@@Bringadingus it's not far fetched at all. These secret society types are into weird stuff. The streets of Washington DC are laid out as an upside down pentagram, remember. They're weirdos

@moodist1er 3 жыл бұрын

@@Bringadingus you don't believe in "secret" societies?! Lol Lol

@moodist1er 3 жыл бұрын

@@Bringadingus lol, whatever dood. If you can't cater to an idea that conflicts with one you hold it makes you an idiot. You don't see it because you refuse to inspect it or criticize your own understanding. There's a pentagon in dc's street design, if you refuse to see that example of weirdness there's nothing i can do for you. Have fun knowing everything, genius. Lol

@pjorge 3 жыл бұрын

This is one great channel! I am impressed with those videos of scientists of old. Where do you find them?

@projectmalus 3 жыл бұрын

This was terrific, thanks. I'm curious about 5:08 where Bacon describes one of the forms of imposition (of idols on the mind) as "nature communicative". Any ideas of what this is?

@ThenNow 3 жыл бұрын

he means the idols of the marketplace, which mean the limits of human communication, the vagueness of language, etc.

@bon12121 Жыл бұрын

This is a very different type of induction to the two I'm aware of. Interesting.

@ravis6534 3 жыл бұрын

Why r subtitles/ captions unavailable? Please fix the issue.

@Rico-Suave_ 24 күн бұрын

Great video, thank you very much , note to self(nts) watched 14:38

@oscarmatthews879 3 жыл бұрын

Could you please share a general reading list for your series of videos on enlightenment thinkers and modernity?

@ThenNow 3 жыл бұрын

Was meant to post in the description. Have started collecting the reading list here: lewwaller.com/enlightenment-series

@deplant5998 3 жыл бұрын

Fantastic! Also looks like young Michael Keaton.

@roseb2105 2 жыл бұрын

this is assuming were are challenging are distortion of heat if we really had no idea what heat was we would have no examples of inctencies of heat what method would we use then

@peapod8 2 жыл бұрын

Once read that Thomas Jefferson named Francis Bacon as one of 3 of the greatest most influential men. Isaac Newton & John Lock being the other two.

@Rico-Suave_ 10 ай бұрын

Watched all of it again 14:57

@levinb1 3 жыл бұрын

So, Descartes and Bacon are basically two different sides of the same skeptical and critical coin?

@alexpeek8760 3 жыл бұрын

Bacon is one of the most practical philosophers of all time.

@user-ge6tf1qw8n 3 жыл бұрын

Very like the video, could I share the video to other site in China due to YB is bloced from accessing China if you don't mind. And I will attach the source of origin video site, waiting for your reply :)

@gsamsa 3 жыл бұрын

Hey, that’s my dad’s favorite!

@Rico-Suave_ 10 ай бұрын

Watched all of it 14:41

@baraahhamdi8533 9 ай бұрын

interesting

@ckn3481 3 жыл бұрын

Not to take away from the video content but you look good shaved

@viacheslavkyrylov2657 3 жыл бұрын

No he is nooot, I like him with beard lmao

@MandyJane-mt8fw 5 күн бұрын

ancestor

@maryamsaba7418 2 жыл бұрын

👍

@T.H.W.O.T.H 3 жыл бұрын

Don't leave us hanging like that! :)

@chrisg3030 Жыл бұрын

Can't Bacon's conclusion by a process of elimination about heat be described as deduction? That's even the name given to an argument form in formal logic: P v Q, ~P, therefore Q is known as "deduction" Scientists deduce causes, but they induce effects. in the lab and on the test bench - that's induction. Deduction is working out what's happening, induction is making things happen. That's what makes science practical and useful, just as Bacon wanted. Induction is egineering, deduction is reverse engineering. Eddington deduced thermonuclear fusion in the sun, Teller induced it on Bikini Attoll. But there's no reason why induction and deduction can't revolve round each other round time wise, several experiments in the induction of magnetism might have led to the deduction of its causes, which once accomplished, led to improvements in its induction. Some will no doubt complain I've altered the meaning of the word "induction". But have I? Maybe Bacon's meaning is just an idol.

@pradyumn2453 2 жыл бұрын

1626

@moodist1er 3 жыл бұрын

Everyone was born in a barn

@zafthedon 3 жыл бұрын

David Humes problem of induction coming up......

@chrisrosenkreuz23 2 жыл бұрын

France is bacon. Kind of disappointed you didn't mention he was a Master Rosicrucian.

@jamestracey5958 Жыл бұрын

"All the world is a stage "😜😜

@stuckinamomentt 2 жыл бұрын

@01:45 - Wrong. He became a lawyer for money. His father does and left him poor. He was always interested in philosophy.

@marto787 Жыл бұрын

🤣😂🤣😂🤣🤣😂🤣😂😂😂😂😂🥓🥓🥓🥓🥓🥓

@sphinxtheeminx 2 жыл бұрын

There is something hilarious about a scientific genius catching cold and dying from being... in the cold. I mean, who'd have thunk??

@shaw9851 3 жыл бұрын

And this fuel cell will be the future👍

@das.gegenmittel 10 ай бұрын

So funny, bacon missunderstood Aristotel

@queerspirit2995 3 жыл бұрын

Very white. I would not doubt he was guilty of some kind of white supremacy, I mean other than the part that he sees tribes as being the error of human ways which tribes are symbolic of primitivism and although once upon a time all humans were primitive, most white ppl back then were mostly focusing on indigenous cultures (i.e. the reason why Francis Bacon brought up tribes in the first place) every time they brought up "primitivism." Today a lot of white ppl still do. (try to think of my comment as less of an annoying call out comment and more of a comment that offers us a chance to think of the errors of our own ways.)

@femteezy1992 3 жыл бұрын

This is the least significant comment I’ve ever seen. The moral uprightness of a man doesn’t influence the impact of his work. The observations made by Francis Bacon have contributed to the development of mankind. Whether your random accusations are true or not have nothing to do with his work. You seem to base reality off of a sense of oppression underlying every aspect of society. That’s true - the world today was built by exploitation of the majority of people before us, but it is also true that the world today is better than the world of the majority of history. History is grey, not black and white. Each invention of man has negative & positive impacts of particular people. Don’t understand the motivation of tying a video of a man’s contribution to the world to some oppression. That doesn’t constitute as a refutation to Bacon’s conclusions. Essentially, you said nothing but pointless complaints.

@sekhmet1379 2 жыл бұрын

induction is good but easily manipulated - it can be corrupted. Deduction embraces fact since truth is still superior. An extenuated step for us, but most relevant to Bacon's Era. Deduction was most probably contextual for Aristotle as well; we do not know what tools they utilised at their disposal inaccessible to us today. We cannot say our evolutionary standards are better since the classical philosophers were obviously quite wise in their own right.