“Hello, world” from scratch on a 6502 - Part 1
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4 жыл бұрынLearn how computers work in this series where I build and program a basic computer with the classic 6502 microprocessor. More info: www.eater.net/6502
Part 2: • How do CPUs read machi...
Part 3: • Assembly language vs. ...
Part 4: • Connecting an LCD to o...
Part 5: • What is a stack and ho...
Part 6: • RAM and bus timing - 6...
Part 7: • Subroutine calls, now ...
Support these videos on Patreon: / beneater or eater.net/support for other ways to support.
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Special thanks to these supporters for making this video possible:
Alex Catchpole
Armin Brauns
BakerStaunch
Beau-James Erion
Ben
Ben Dyson
Ben Kamens
Ben Williams
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Christopher Blackmon
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Daniel Tang
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@jonathancayaban8631 2 жыл бұрын
"So first, we'll be heading over to the nearest beach to gather our silicon"
@jaminvalick5612 2 жыл бұрын
I think this is the most a KZfaq comment has ever made me laugh
@niteshprabhu6791 2 жыл бұрын
Before that we have to create the solar system
@wingsonthebus 2 жыл бұрын
I won’t start making real videos until I can start at the BEGINNING, dammit
@qaisjamal 2 жыл бұрын
I was literally looking for this comment
@johnjordan3552 2 жыл бұрын
But before that we need a couple of hydrogen atoms so we can create silicon through fusion
@kleinebre 3 жыл бұрын
When you want to learn programming and you finally find a "hello world" tutorial... but it says "part 1".
@MannIchFindKeinName 3 жыл бұрын
kleinebre: I want to learn programming yt: here, learn how machines work
@fragileomniscience7647 2 жыл бұрын
A hello world shaped code that puts out hello world
@raphaelmorgan2307 2 жыл бұрын
if you're just starting out learning programming in general, I recommend starting with pure software 😅 unless you're like, really really good at making hardware already and just want to know how to program that specifically
@aroncanapa5796 2 жыл бұрын
@Hand Grabbing Fruits the most in depth
@moonshadow8795 2 жыл бұрын
Means I'm digging deep into the subject. Thanks Ben Eater
@danielbonheur5441 3 жыл бұрын
Everyone: "Look, I built my own computer!" Ben: "No, you ASSEMBLED your own computer."
@valinhorn42 2 жыл бұрын
... and didn't even write a single line of assembly code to do it!
@stevenwatson9678 2 жыл бұрын
honestly some people who put together computers with prebuilt components fool themselves believing it’s a very impressive task. understanding of computer functionality goes far deeper than knowing what a gpu is used for. Not to say people can’t be proud of what they make, but they should acknowledge they aren’t an engineer. Once again only some people.
@mohamedirfan2816 2 жыл бұрын
@@stevenwatson9678 True!
@m33r61 2 жыл бұрын
@@stevenwatson9678 yeah i built my first PC when i was 12 with a youtube tutorial without having done much research into how a PC actually works(as i was busy researching parts deemed "good" that fit within my budget). I was blown away by just how simple it is and the fact you don't require any troubleshooting ability to solve most issues, as most issues you run into are "oh shit I have to screw that ion first otherwise it won't fit".
@On-su7el 2 жыл бұрын
@@m33r61 How can a memory chip in a calculator know it is 1 not a 5 , 6 or some other number . Tell me??💗🍭
@Dan_Mak_21 3 жыл бұрын
"sometimes is reading, sometimes is writing, but honestly I don't know what it's doing" Me describing my brain during a test.
@vivivizion 4 жыл бұрын
"what languages do you know?" "breadboard"
@RogerBarraud 4 жыл бұрын
Solder.
@RogerBarraud 4 жыл бұрын
...and Crimp.
@kalebbruwer 4 жыл бұрын
Just in case you want to flex on the guy who flexes with Assembly
@WindPortal 4 жыл бұрын
lol
@tredI9100 4 жыл бұрын
It's machine code
@nirui.o 4 жыл бұрын
Next up: “Hello, world” from scratch on a set of electrons.
@willemschipper7736 4 жыл бұрын
I'd be down
@anders5611 4 жыл бұрын
Hello world from scratch without an integrated circuit, make the circuit yourself with discrete transistors
@aapadd 4 жыл бұрын
@@willemschipper7736 (quantum physics joke)
@_wheat856 4 жыл бұрын
Rui Ni it’s atoms, electrons are the spheres that circle the center one
@WatercraftGames 4 жыл бұрын
Up next: hello world from scratch on a cave
@falcy2889 2 жыл бұрын
I’m actually really interested in how they actually did this in the 80s without arduino and all that stuff. Those people were absolute madman geniuses
@danieladmob7735 Жыл бұрын
They used machine code
@crewrangergaming9582 Жыл бұрын
and all that so teenagers can click pictures with dog filters.
@explorerguy Жыл бұрын
@@crewrangergaming9582 worth
@ARockyRock Жыл бұрын
@@explorerguy agreed
@-aexc- Жыл бұрын
@@crewrangergaming9582 kids bad! amirite
@danimal_1814 Жыл бұрын
This is great!! - I wish I had this video back in '83 when I was trying to build projects w/ the Z80 - I really needed this information. Thank you! Really well done Ben!
@collinb3371 4 жыл бұрын
Lol did not even mine the ore and smelt it into wire. You call this from scratch?
@tonydai782 4 жыл бұрын
you don't need to smelt redstone
@amineabdz 4 жыл бұрын
ikr ... kids these days have it so easy
@DrGandW 4 жыл бұрын
He didn’t even create the universe it exists in
@carlotiu1308 4 жыл бұрын
Do you use furnace to cook the ore
@jsutinbibber9508 4 жыл бұрын
Making a microprocessor from scratch is easier and less grindy than making an ae2 system
@whatdamath 4 жыл бұрын
Another important skill missing from modern education: reading data sheets or even knowing where to find them. Thanks for making things so clear, Ben!
@johnsmith-eo3nz 3 жыл бұрын
Wow, Anton likes computer stuff
@radoczi94 3 жыл бұрын
@@lambdasun4520 "A joke is a display of humour in which words are used within a specific and well-defined narrative structure to make people laugh and is not meant to be taken seriously."
@shortscouture1 3 жыл бұрын
@@pauleveritt3388 spoken like a true seppo
@UseQPixinDune 3 жыл бұрын
Nice to see you here
@soumendrapanigrahi2497 3 жыл бұрын
wow u like computers too.... I watch ur videos
@keistzenon9593 3 жыл бұрын
Dude that was great! Your explanation and delivery were crystal clear, well paced AND visually appealing. You showed different parts, zoomed in etc. just great 😁
@monkey_see_monkey_do 2 жыл бұрын
Setting up the address to read instruction from followed by NOP instruction itself using resistors has blown my mind completely! Also this is the first video that finally gave me an idea of what are the clock cycles and how do they relate to the processor. This is incredibly valuable information if you're trying to write an emulator. Thank you so much Ben! This was super instructive!
@sdsdfdu4437 4 жыл бұрын
"Hey bro you gonna get the new Playstation or Xbox?" "Nah I'll just build my own."
@ggldmrd5583 3 жыл бұрын
Video games player : "Xbox or PS?" Ben Eater : "yess"
@666cesar999 3 жыл бұрын
that's pretty much what bulding your own pc is.
@erikshure360 3 жыл бұрын
PC master race
@sajeucettefoistunevaspasme 3 жыл бұрын
@@erikshure360 bread board is better
@artisorak 3 жыл бұрын
Can you overclock it? 👀👀
@FlorianEagox 4 жыл бұрын
As a software guy, watching this computer engineering stuff is fascinating to me. You're breaking down levels of abstraction I've never ventured so deep into and it feels magical.
@ChickentNug 4 жыл бұрын
The Fox army thats how it seems to me too Its such cool stuff
@Namburiadityasairam2605 4 жыл бұрын
The electronic engineers walked so that the software crowd could fly
@okie9025 3 жыл бұрын
Yeah this is more electrical engineering which was popular back in the 70s, but now computer science tackles way more complex problems that couldn't even exist if we were stuck with assembly!
@unlokia 3 жыл бұрын
This is ACTUAL programming, actually depositing the bits and bytes onto the CPU, directly ORDERING it, where it has no choice but to obey, not hoping some 10th-level abstracted "programming" language author knew how to get what you asked for down to the machine level to do the same.
@okie9025 3 жыл бұрын
@@unlokia god it must suck to be you, perpetually gate keeping in order to increase your ego. You havo no right to call something programming or not, and this video doesn't teach you actual programming that could come useful in a computer science field. Sorry if you're being sarcastic, but that kind of mindset is just baffling to me.
@diegodonofrio 3 ай бұрын
Ben, receiving my 6502 computer kit was a highlight of my week, especially since it arrived so swiftly to Spain, ordered on Tuesday and by Friday. The kit itself is exactly what I've been looking forward to, equipped with every component needed for assembly. Your projects have always been a source of inspiration for me, and this experience has only amplified my enthusiasm. Your work not only educates but also builds a community of curious minds. I’m more excited than ever to be a part of this journey and to see where this newfound inspiration takes me. Thank you!
@tobiashenockl4525 Жыл бұрын
I started 6502 assembler programming with my C64 at the age of ~12 years, but never had any knowledge on hardware. You bring back that wonderful time of curiosity, experimentation and magic. Thank you so much! ❤️
@RiggedBananaGaming 4 жыл бұрын
You know it's going to be a good day when you get a video from Ben!
@nkusters 4 жыл бұрын
Yup, been recommending his video’s to everyone who will listen, glad to see a new vid :)
@Alessandro-dz3cw 4 жыл бұрын
Ya r right
@harrytsang1501 4 жыл бұрын
You know it's even better when he starts the video with VIM
@benjamindragon598 4 жыл бұрын
Next video: Contacting extra-terrestrial life with my marble calculator
@justcama 4 жыл бұрын
You know it's going to be a bad day when he doesn't do what the title says until PART 2 :(
@GiveAcademy 4 жыл бұрын
THIS WAS INCREDIBLE!!! Having been doing reverse engineering for over 15 years now.. the way you broke this down and went through each step whilst implying the reasons each step were done and important. really allows the mind to be setup for the reasons the next steps make sense. VERY WELL DONE! I can see the passion and time that went into this and I must say.... KEEP UP THE GREAT WORK MY FRIEND!
@tonyr.5111 3 жыл бұрын
I agree! He's done a 👍great job!!!
@milanpetrik7419 3 жыл бұрын
He's brilliant. Not a single spare word..
@pauleveritt3388 3 жыл бұрын
If you REALLY enjoyed it that much and learned something from it, throw the guy $10 or $20 to REALLY say thank you.
@sjair6526 Жыл бұрын
This channel is exactly what I am looking for. Thank You so much for taking the time to put them out there! You would be great at teaching programming on here.
@virtualan 3 жыл бұрын
I was into Zilog Z80 machine code programming back in the day. Your video reminded me so much of these amazing days. Thanks for sharing!
@compactcow 4 жыл бұрын
Tomorrow's video: running Windows 10 on 1,000 breadboards with only nand gates.
@meithecatte8492 4 жыл бұрын
Hah, 1000. That's optimistic.
@God-ch8lq 4 жыл бұрын
@@meithecatte8492 ben eater: are you challenging me
@emanueldebresser3208 4 жыл бұрын
...maybe you need to go for a walk in the park
@williammentink 4 жыл бұрын
Running a Windows 10 on an emulator that runs on his breadboard. That would fit the theme.
@firmman4505 4 жыл бұрын
William Mentink ..
@luisvictoria9542 4 жыл бұрын
Your content is so amazing, it make me appreciate computers in a whole new level!!
@mmseng2 4 жыл бұрын
I've worked in IT for 12 years and this holds true for me as well.
@yxcvbnmmnbvcxy544 4 жыл бұрын
This low level stuff is muuuch more interesting than todays overpriced Smartphones! Who cares about A666 Ai bionic processor when you can have a 6502!
@sathvikswaminathan7933 4 жыл бұрын
I feel the same.
@annieperdue6140 4 жыл бұрын
Ditto!
@abhinavgaming2110 4 жыл бұрын
@33Ddg209Ret7 actually earth will end tmrw soo......yeh.......
@noir371 2 жыл бұрын
These videos make computer geek me so happy. How can anyone not find this stuff fascinating, it's just so magical
@inggiacometto 3 жыл бұрын
I wanna cry, this is the most beautiful thing i have seen, pure magic!!!
@Exatomos 4 жыл бұрын
Someone: what language was this program written in ? Ben Eater: R E S I S T O R B R E A D B O A R D
@ArnasBies 4 жыл бұрын
C/C++
@nguyenhoanglong420 3 жыл бұрын
:)
@thenistthedev 3 жыл бұрын
@@Puzzled420....what? ah i see your name..
@oniruddhoalam2039 3 жыл бұрын
6502 ASM
@kebman 3 жыл бұрын
I can't resist!
@cocorico128 4 жыл бұрын
“If you wish to make “Hello, world” from scratch, you must first invent the universe.” - Carl "Ben Eater" Sagan
@deidei2305 3 жыл бұрын
😂
@ribertfranhanreagen9821 3 жыл бұрын
Lol no, programing is basicly trying to create our own virtual universe. If you can make your own universe you already far outdone hello world.
@ZombieChicken-X 3 жыл бұрын
@@ribertfranhanreagen9821 its a joke dude
@whirlwind872 3 жыл бұрын
@@ribertfranhanreagen9821 Missing the point, the quote means that "from scratch" can regress infinitely, he started with a 6502 in this video but that's not _really_ from scratch, because it already has super complex circuits inside it. And even if he wired the 6502 manually, he didn't manufacture the wires and switches and LEDs himself, he didn't mine the raw silicon/copper/etc from the earth to make those components either, nor did he create those raw materials (they were here from when the earth formed), he didn't create the earth, nor the solar system, nor the galaxy, nor the universe. So did he do this from scratch? Fuck no! Lying ass title. Dude didn't even invent the galaxy, let alone the universe... though, we can still agree, that in some sense the video is indeed "from scratch." It's just a matter of... to what degree
@ahmfkddr7939 3 жыл бұрын
invent reality
@ZavMatevos Жыл бұрын
Just want to say thank you so much for your videos, you explain everything so clearly and so well... please don't stop making videos like this!
@ChrisPinCornwall Жыл бұрын
Absolutely brilliant - I learned so much in half an hour, and your explanations are so clear, thank you so much.
@ArnavBarbaad 4 жыл бұрын
If you wish to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first invent the universe - Carl Sagan
@ObjectsInMotion 4 жыл бұрын
*Raspberry Pi
@Julio974 4 жыл бұрын
This sound more like a quote from Douglas Adams
@ObjectsInMotion 4 жыл бұрын
Luke Gabriel Balgan Yes, but how on earth did you possibly know that?
@shane8037 4 жыл бұрын
@Jay Vigilant quoting Carl Sagan unwittingly proving God's existence isn't pretentious, it's funny
@Dillinger86 4 жыл бұрын
@@shane8037 Quoting Carl Sagan does NOT prove the existence of your invisible sky daddy, you uneducated potato.
@jamesb9120 4 жыл бұрын
Him: the guide is only 30 pages long Me: I'll read it if it has enough pictures
@waliedahmed5030 3 жыл бұрын
lol saaaaaaaame
@netrapatil2169 3 жыл бұрын
Haha
@niggisgaming1637 3 жыл бұрын
datasheets contains images and pictures soo maybe
@jamesb9120 3 жыл бұрын
@@niggisgaming1637 I know, I was just making a joke about how dumb and childish I am
@niggisgaming1637 3 жыл бұрын
@@jamesb9120 ok np man
@tomkinsg 10 ай бұрын
well, i first watched this video a couple of years ago and i bought the kit. I build the clock about 8 months ago and today i stepped through this video. I have learned so much in the process. Thank you Ben.
@Zwiesel66 3 жыл бұрын
Thank you for these super interesting videos, Ben, a great source for learning.
@ireallyhatemakingupnamesfo1758 3 жыл бұрын
"As you can see from this number here it was manufactured in-" Me: "389 AD!!!" "The third week of 1989" Me: :(
@oximas 3 жыл бұрын
your user name LOL
@purebm2201 4 жыл бұрын
me, a biologist: "what the hell am I doing here?" also me: *clicks part 2
@just_a_rock 4 жыл бұрын
You're learning how you should emulate the artificial intelligence that you're going to be inserting into your synthetic organism from scratch.
@Chaos89P 4 жыл бұрын
In some bizarre way, a computer is also a living thing.
@tchgs11zdok15 4 жыл бұрын
😂😂😂👌
@techheaven007 4 жыл бұрын
same here xD being a bio technologist i have no idea whats going on but it still fascinates me :v
@ThatGuyDownInThe 4 жыл бұрын
Dude combining biology and computer science would be an insane combo.
@jassimjaved3309 Жыл бұрын
Amazing video! High quality, to the point and informative!
@michaelbasher 3 жыл бұрын
What a great learning opportunity. Total respect
@karpedjem6958 4 жыл бұрын
Watching your video brought me back to the early 80’s when I programmed a microprocessor for the first time in my life, using hexadecimal code for each of the instructions like LDA, STA, etc. And writing them as well data in RAM memory before executing the ‘program’. Good memory. Thank you for this video. Thumb up.
@lamouche8490 3 жыл бұрын
Greetings from France !! 🇫🇷 were we begin the first year of school engineering with what you used 40 years back, assembler So glad to use python right after 😄
@larrybud 2 жыл бұрын
I did the same. First programmed in BASIC on a TRS-80 in 6th grade, and when I got my own home computer, the Atari 800, guessing around 1982, I started doing 6502 stuff. I remember hooking servo motors up to the joystick ports and controlling their position with 6502 code. IIRC the joystick ports were serial i/o. I would have been 13 yo at that time. When I made the move to the Atari ST, 68000 based, man, that was so much easier programming than 6502!!
@restlesssheep7156 4 жыл бұрын
I don't understand what is going on, but I like it.
@craftsmanwoodturner 4 жыл бұрын
This video is pretty much the most simple explanation of how a microprocessor operates. Since you're struggling, here's a reasonably short clarification. On reset, the chip goes to a default memory address to start reading a program - in machine code. To do this, it sets all the 16-bit address bus pins to the memory address it wants, and then sets the I/O pin to "read". Data flows in via the 8-bit data bus. The value it reads is interpreted as an instruction, and it performs that operation. Here, Ben has it performing a NOP or "no operation" - i.e. do nothing. The chip then goes to get the next instruction, another NOP, and so on. The magic really starts to happen when a real program is loaded, but to do that Ben needs to wire up some memory (he mentions a ROM, or read only memory). For just a couple of seconds, the chart of chip set operation codes was on screen, listing all the possible actions the chip can perform. A little more detail is needed about the chip's internal architecture to understand exactly how it does stuff, but I'm hoping Ben covers that in part 2.
@sah7920 4 жыл бұрын
@@craftsmanwoodturner another explanation I don't understand ... But I like it
@adrianatgaming8640 4 жыл бұрын
@@sah7920 just like when your maths teacher who's too nerdy explains things.
@daehnihc 4 жыл бұрын
@@craftsmanwoodturner I dont know what any of these words mean but maybe one day i will and ill be able to make cool breadboard contraptions
@martinostlund1879 4 жыл бұрын
I do understand, and I also like it.
@morezco 3 жыл бұрын
This project is amazing, and the videos are incredibly well done. I am actually going to do it. Thank you Ben.
@ramimehyar481 2 жыл бұрын
Best KZfaq channel ever! Great educational approach and pace! I am starting to learn embedded systems and was about to give up till I saw this Channel.
@michaelvanderbeek6869 3 жыл бұрын
I remember doing something like this in University. We had to build full system with a 68000 processor, boot power circuit, ram/eprom(for the program), two serial ports. Then when that was working, we had to write an actual multitasking OS in assembly code from scratch that had interrupt driven drivers for the serial ports, that we can pass messages between the the serial ports. And all of it done in 3 months, this was even before Linux had kernel 0.8 Lots of fun.. some of the student boards had so many weird problems, one of them only work if you put your finger at an exact spot of on the bread board. THIS was never attempted by subsequent generations of students. I was in the pioneer batch of a new school in a Singapore's Nanyang Technological University and we had lectures from around to world to come and question us for 3 years to gain accreditation. Fun times. This was done in second year of the uni. 1990. That degree was designed to bridge the gap between electrical/electronic engineers and computer science. So we had to do a mix of both subjects.
@michaelvanderbeek6869 3 жыл бұрын
Forgot to mention. It was in 1989 or 1990 when it was done
@Sudhirkumar-sk8up 3 жыл бұрын
love it man!!! thanks for sharing. a cs student here!!
@clared5812 2 жыл бұрын
That sounds like such an amazing program. What a privilege for you to attend :)
@elia-eo3bf 2 жыл бұрын
Reminds me of my university I'm studying. All of that stuff sounds like learning a mystical language to perform magic even for me.
@tedmilbaugh8680 2 жыл бұрын
Wow! I only had to build an 8085 system from scratch, with an LED display for address and data, a 16-key keyboard for inputting address and data, and a button the run the program that you input manually. Piece of cake! Oh, that was 1981.
@northshorepx 4 жыл бұрын
WHOA!!!! brilliant. I learned assembler on the 6502 back in the early 80s as a teenager. This is really starting a trip down memory lane. You are a great teacher Ben. Thank you for sharing your content.
@cheeseparis1 4 жыл бұрын
Same.for.me. Actually when he was showing the opcodes, I checked A5, remembering it's LDA
@favesongslist 4 жыл бұрын
Likewise, I built a UK101 (A UK version of the Ohio Superboard) great days when you had a good hope of understanding how a whole microcomputer worked. I made so many hardware mods to my UK101 stood me in a very good stead as an electronics design engineer come programmer.
@johnm2012 4 жыл бұрын
@@cheeseparis1 It's wonderful to know that the 6502 is still available. I see the modern instruction set has more opcodes than I had access to on the original chip. PHX and PHY - what a luxury not to have to use TXA PHA. And it's good to note that the indirect addressing page boundary bug was fixed. I don't know how well it's known that the ARM instruction set was heavily inspired by the 6502. Computer Scientist Sophie Wilson of Acorn Computers designed the original ARM instruction set based on her experience of writing BBC Basic in 6502 assembly language.
@pentachronic 4 жыл бұрын
Same here. Used to write assembler by hand and look up the op codes and poke them into memory on PET2000. Fun days !!
@galaxynova9276 4 жыл бұрын
Its called Assembly
@keith224 Жыл бұрын
I can see where this is going and I can see this is a really great series (having just watched the first 5 min of part 1). I learned to develop on the Z80 a LLLLOOOONNNGGG time ago and where you are going is amazing and explained so well.
@madeinhvn 4 ай бұрын
I have always wondered how we went from microprocessors to computers and your channel has explained to me how. Been loving your videos
@greenie62 4 жыл бұрын
Him:"I don't really know what's going on here." Me: Way ahead of you on that one at least.
@OranCollins 4 жыл бұрын
YAY! I just got my kit, and following along from home! this is so cool! feel like im building a computer in the 80's like the homebrew computer club guys! thanks ben.
@RickHenderson 2 жыл бұрын
That’s how Apple started 😎
@AlanCanon2222 2 жыл бұрын
How far did you get?
@OranCollins 2 жыл бұрын
@@AlanCanon2222 got all the way through making the clock. got stuck on a hard debug problem with wiring. i ended up making my own arduino based clock module (beause im cheep:) )
@drtidrow 2 жыл бұрын
In one of my classes in college (1989), we wire-wrapped up a 8085-based single-board computer. Really gave a good understanding of how simple computers like the Apple II and C64 worked. I've still got it squirreled away in the basement somewhere.
@dashwinterson8855 Жыл бұрын
You're doing great work, please don't stop doing what you're doing
@ado-ante Жыл бұрын
Absolutely captivating. I'll be buying that kit as soon as I can!
@michaelbarnes5039 4 жыл бұрын
the only one in the world that can put "hello, world!" on a programming resume and instantly be hired.
@algamdie 4 жыл бұрын
Big thumb for this man & his channel. Sharing knowledge is what make earth better place for life.
@user-ll4cj2gl2v 4 жыл бұрын
Abu halal halali ?
@algamdie 4 жыл бұрын
@@user-ll4cj2gl2v Arabic name
@NaifAlqahtani 4 жыл бұрын
حسبت انا الوحيد العربي اللي اتابعة
@moulayediag3873 4 жыл бұрын
@@user-ll4cj2gl2v So you can read arabic ......!!!
@user-ll4cj2gl2v 4 жыл бұрын
@@moulayediag3873 what's the meaning of "arabic" ?
@garyfry7292 3 жыл бұрын
OMG! Kudos! I learned 6502 on a Vic-20 with DATA statements in BASIC, back in the day, and I'm still figuring out how hardware actually works. I'm amazed at how you've made a variable-speed clock source with "freeze-frame" and stepping support on a single bread-board! (this might be "normal" for hardware engineers, but for me this is just wow!)
@nikwilliams4396 Жыл бұрын
This is fantastic, very interesting! Thank you for putting this together. I've worked with computers for years on the software side, but have never really delved into actually "how" it works.
@jeevanjacob4102 3 жыл бұрын
Ben: Use an arduino to understand what the chip is doing The 1950s guy developing the chip: why didn't I think of that!
@BikeArea 3 жыл бұрын
Underrated comment. 😋
@rhysbaker2595 2 жыл бұрын
The guy to build the first computer must have had a hard time debugging it. Poor guy would probably just have to do the calculations by hand to check they were right
@eclmist 2 жыл бұрын
@@rhysbaker2595 Something that many (if not most) CS programs today will have you do in foundation courses. It's surprisingly not that difficult - doable by students on paper during exams
@andrewlydon7819 2 жыл бұрын
@@eclmist I was one of those guys in the early 1980s. Task #1 given the raw hardware. Get the LED attached to an output pin to light up. No help from an Arduino. The only tool was an analogue voltmeter which told you 'low', 'high' or 'changing'. It took me a week to get the LED to light up. Having done that, progress quickened. Every function I wrote did something different with the LED so I could track if it had worked or not. I kept going until I could bitbang asynch serial data to an old VT100 terminal. Very satisfying in the end to have it say "Hello".
@_programming_ 2 жыл бұрын
@@andrewlydon7819 I'm a software engineer.. and I would love to know how the heck you do that :).
@jakefriesen187 4 жыл бұрын
WOOOO!!! I absolutely love these videos! I followed your videos this summer and built the 8-bit computer, such a great learning opportunity! you have taught me more than I have learnt in computer engineering at school
@azzajohnson2123 4 жыл бұрын
surfer300ZX In university (college) all I did really was learn how to effectively learn and create my own interpretation and content based on others work. KZfaq taught me more as a learning resource about things I’m interested in and even in my career than I could ever learn on any course or degree 📜. Personally I think a combination of structured learning and focused / serendipity learning is the best match overall.
@muhammadputera6593 4 жыл бұрын
@surfer300ZX the sad thing is that employers look for that college diploma as a precondition for hiring (at least in my country, dunno about the US), which is why colleges are here to stay despite the rise of great free online resources for learning like Ben's awesome channel here. Wish it weren't so though...
@JohnAbrahamsen 4 жыл бұрын
@surfer300ZX Not really. The computer engineering educators these days dont think this is valuable knowledge. If it is or not is up to debate as most people use C# and Java, and dont know the difference between AC and DC. The knowledge in this video is taught in electronic engineering classes on master level.
@chrisxd146 4 жыл бұрын
@surfer300ZX At my university, this kind of class has recently become a pre-requisite for all the engineering degrees (albeit not as advanced since it's not well funded). Though it has given me a new hobby!
@sujanaryal833 4 жыл бұрын
College and university is only for getting a degree. If you want to learn than learning it yourself from different sources like book, sites and this kind of video is the best way to go. The sad reality is you need a degree to get a stable job regardless of how knowledgeable you are. So basically college is just for increasing your debt with the promise of stable job.
@enriqueeenriquez2180 2 жыл бұрын
This video was created with a clever and elegant approach. It stresses on the schematics/data sheet understanding and the importance of hardware. A forgotten factor for the new generation of Engineer.. Great Job!!!!!
@micah2936 2 жыл бұрын
This is very well put together. You go step by step and make it so easy to understand. Thank you
@jordanhubbard 3 жыл бұрын
This is one of the best, if not the all-time best, videos on how to truly UNDERSTAND a CPU (starting from the absolute basics) I have ever seen. Kudos! It starts at just the right level of complexity and builds from there, also using modern tools to jump over some of the frustrating hoops we actually had to jump *through* back in the 1980s. :). I absolutely love this.
@einarabelc5 2 жыл бұрын
But hoops is where the fun is no? 32 kb of memory....WOW!!!
@CriticalCentrist Жыл бұрын
CompTIA's A+ 220 1101 explain processors well too
@ericrosas9199 4 жыл бұрын
Hey dude, as a Computer Engineering student that's just starting to get into the meat of the major... Thank you. This is probably the most entertaining video I've seen on the subject and SOOOOOO in depth, detailed, and CLEAR. I really felt like I understood each step even though I'm only in the process of my first microcontroller class. Seriously, thank you.
@stevenspmd 3 жыл бұрын
Finally started putting together my 6502 kit. Very fun project. One thing I did to make life easier was make custom cables for connecting to the Arduino. Basically take single pre-made Dupont cables and group them into larger blocks by replacing individual plastic collars for multi-pin collars. No need for crimping, just a fine tip pair of tweezers and lots of patience.
@xkjw7019 Жыл бұрын
You are such a great explainer. It angers me how terrible my teachers were. I wish every kid gets to spend their childhood exploring things and having fun and not dealing with irresponsible adults who bully kids.
@rypedub7973 4 жыл бұрын
I love the way you speak about programming computers and micro electronics. I learn more and understand better with every upload
@MrGolakechelan 3 жыл бұрын
You are a good instructor. I truly enjoyed your video . I'm a 76 year old tech from the days of 555. - and even I could understand what you were doing. Thank you
@rigo7297 2 жыл бұрын
This video was all I needed to buy the kit. Really excited! Can't wait. Thank you Ben!
@f-73p21 2 жыл бұрын
It's a great project to get into if you're interested in how computers work at a lower level. I bought the kit too and have posted an unboxing video: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/fLeoh5di3sqpdoE.html
@larrybud 2 жыл бұрын
Excellent introduction! Been 20 years since I did any kind of digital PCB stuff, and the Arduino sure makes it easy to see what's going on!
@Jp-zs9jc 4 жыл бұрын
"Hello Ben, thank you so much!" I always had this dream to one day understand how a computer works... I watched every single video you uploaded here and i have to say you made that dream come true! Also the videos are very well made and you sound like a lovely person! My first youtube comment ever btw... Jens
@igorthelight 4 жыл бұрын
You may buy an Arduino board and make it do something :-) It's really not hard! Actually - it's easier that what was shown in this video.
@DrSavitruc 4 жыл бұрын
@@igorthelight Hi! I have always been interested in understanding how computers worked, and I think I would be more interested in handling basic electronic components and coding in close-to-machine code like this guy is doing rather than using a compiler and a high-level coding language that hides everything from me. However, I have no idea where to start. I would be ready to buy things, of course, but as long as I get to get my hands in the workings of those things and get a LED to light up I would be excited and satisfied enough, for the moment. Where and how do you think I should start, assuming I know absolutely nothing of what's going on?
@igorthelight 4 жыл бұрын
@@DrSavitruc Well I'm not the right man to ask. This channel is great for explaining low level things. And also you could program for Arduino in Assembly: forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=37130.0
@Felix-ve9hs 4 жыл бұрын
*6502:* What is my purpose? *Ben Eater:* DO NOTHING *Ben Eater:* REPEAT
@melkiorwiseman5234 4 жыл бұрын
What are you doing, 6502? You should not be waking! Run deep! Eat code! Drink electricity! Go do nothing! Ben Eater is talking! (Kudos if you know where I paraphrased that from) :)
@JacGoudsmit 4 жыл бұрын
*6502*: Where should I start? *Ben Eater*: At address
@isaac.zeitgeist 4 жыл бұрын
6502: Oh... Ben Eater: YEAH, WELCOME TO THE CLUB, PAL
@jarisipilainen3875 4 жыл бұрын
he is trying show what happening when instruction is NOP and how prosessor react to it. its like AAH now you understand what it might do when doing LDA and STA
@pow9606 4 жыл бұрын
Do nothing. Not possible
@marvellmontoya 7 ай бұрын
I love your content, keep growing and keep learning
@jking1329 2 жыл бұрын
As someone who's getting into programming this is so delightful to see, I learned a lot and I was entertained through all the video.
@f-73p21 2 жыл бұрын
It's a great project to get into if you're interested in how computers work at a lower level. I bought the kit and have posted an unboxing video: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/fLeoh5di3sqpdoE.html
@messupfreq550 4 жыл бұрын
I came across this and at first thought it was some kind of joke / April fools thingie / memory lane crap!! Oh man... back to some memories - I had been doing assembly language programming for the 8080 (honest), in the late 70's. Employer had a project and wanted the 6502. Thought I would hate this CPU because they did crazy things like use low ram memory for registers and register commands that worked there instead of the CPU and was writing real time code where timing really mattered. Sheesh, once I got the hang of it I thought everybody ought to work it that way. This was especially true if you were a C programmer because of the similarities in pointer uses. I would map out register space and go for it, no pushes/pops - just a fetch instead of hmmm.. dang it where was that crap I left on the stack... rats, I just drove the stack into the basement!! Anyway, many thanks!! Good to see people still kickin' it!!
@massimookissed1023 4 жыл бұрын
Yep, those times when you wonder where the processor is going, then realise you have one more push than the number of pops.
@HypeBeast764 3 жыл бұрын
I’m so glad developers are making these videos now! I’ve always wanted to program and design embedded systems and easy content like this is making it so much easier to learn.
@gauravkelkar8824 Жыл бұрын
You know it's hard when a simple hello world starts off with a 27min video and a multi part series... All things aside embedded C is the best thing I've ever learned, and my job as a web dev helps me appreciate this even more
@donaldwright2426 2 жыл бұрын
Now, this was very interting! Thanks Ben.
@meepk633 4 жыл бұрын
Eater's Law: The number of breadboards in a video increases as the square of time in seconds.
@maskedredstonerproz 4 жыл бұрын
is that actually true or??
@aathish04 4 жыл бұрын
@@maskedredstonerproz sadly, no. Would've been brilliant though.
@johnm2012 4 жыл бұрын
I used to program in 6502 assembly language in the '80s but I had the benefit of an operating system and an assembler. It's a nice chip to program with some clever twists to get round the fact that it only has an accumulator and two index registers. I'm looking forward to the rest of this series.
@HippieLongHaired Жыл бұрын
The mostest funnest playlist on youtubest. Thanks Ben.
@SilentGloves 3 жыл бұрын
Your videos are simply the best tutorial videos I've encountered on any subject. With that being said, I could really use a thoughtful series of tutorials on analog electronics. :D
@bradleystach6275 4 жыл бұрын
Ben Eater and the 6502, a match made in nerd heaven.
@dannygjk 4 жыл бұрын
I wonder if he ever programmed using the 6809 it's better than the 6502.
@CosmJJ 4 жыл бұрын
Ben, your tutorials are great! Thank you so much!
@ThePilhuhn 3 жыл бұрын
Brilliant. Thanks for creating that video.
@rahmanmd8460 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for this. I am really happy to see some technical channel has this much views.
@SuperFurry68A 3 жыл бұрын
This is an exceptional series, Ben. Thank you so much for creating this. I've been reluctant to do anything regarding building my own computer (even though I know the 6502 reasonably well from a programming perspective), but your series has shown it's not anywhere near as scary as I thought.
@pythondataschool5339 Жыл бұрын
If you would like to support my python data school, please like, comment & subscribe my channel. KZfaq: kzfaq.info/love/doN...
@garydunken7934 4 жыл бұрын
I never get tired of learning the microprocessor basic stuff, especially when Ben is doing it.
@thorstengonschior5603 2 жыл бұрын
We started this workshop/tutorial as a 2 families project with kids and "grown ups" and I ran through the 7 parts of this tutorial early to check if this is actually working out. Took me almost the whole weekend to finish up, but... . I am ex TV technician and current automotive software engineer and I am blown away by this absolutely stunning workshop. This is the best training stuff I have ever seen in the field of embedded system development. Greatly tuned to ambitious beginners with very fine sense of what needs to be explained how often and to what detail up to managed leads into seeming pitfalls to trigger self analysis and actually succesfull diagnosis capabilities, which is absolutely required when assembling embedded systems. Nothing too much, nothing missing. Ben have many thanks for this masterpiece of enggineering education. I am looking forward running through this with our kids and having lots of fun and great learning experiences. Could not have done it in this quality myself! Btw. the development kits are absolutely worth it, carefully packed with love to the details. onyl customs is p.i.t.a. :D
@f-73p21 2 жыл бұрын
It's a great project to get into if you're interested in how computers work at a lower level. I bought the kit too and have posted an unboxing video: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/fLeoh5di3sqpdoE.html
@VictorianMaid99 Жыл бұрын
Outstanding. I have a very old SYM single board computer from the 1980's. This brought back memories
@benforbes8840 3 жыл бұрын
This was an incredible video, very clearly explained and very insightful! Thank you Ben.
@testep02 3 жыл бұрын
Hey, Ben. Can't say enough good things about your videos. Unlike other channels on here that just skim over stuff or show the final result of something for a "wow factor", this channel actually teaches people. I hope you know how beneficial these videos are to people like me. I've been doing electronics for years now, but your videos have allowed me to take on projects that I didn't previously have the skills to tackle. The value of your videos cannot be overstated!
@im4485 3 жыл бұрын
Hey Ben... This information is gold. Thank you.
@maloiik 2 жыл бұрын
this was an absolutely fantastic watch
@TheArrogantMonk 4 жыл бұрын
It is SO cool using that Arduino to analyze each clock step. It’s a gift to have the tools be so cheap and accessible to analyze and have such precise control over the circuitry. It really makes the “magic” of a processor become tangible. Makes all my nerdy senses tingle.
@mikemargo 4 жыл бұрын
Pat, to me this is a very astute observation, the cheap tool means this level of examination is easy, I build an elektor 6502 sbc around 1985. Never worked, I didn't have any meaningful tools to fault find... this is awesome
@moth.monster 4 жыл бұрын
My computer's processor interprets EA as it should ask me for money
@Gositi 4 жыл бұрын
Lol
@neilh.4385 4 жыл бұрын
When your microprocessor is actually just microtransactions
@grande1900 4 жыл бұрын
no
@JousefM 4 жыл бұрын
And mine shouts "TSSSSSSINEEEGAME"
@toolassistedspeedcore 4 жыл бұрын
haha funny ea bad amirite hahahah
@liamtolkkinen5025 3 ай бұрын
this is such an amazing video. Very concise and clear
@zquall 2 жыл бұрын
I think this is the best way to learn assembly. Great introduction to the cpu world. Thanks man.
@Cpt.Zenobia 4 жыл бұрын
Getting deepah. No but seriously couple of years or so when I started studying CS with a minor subjects from EE, I found this channel, it really helped me fill the junction between very high level (C) or very low level(circuits & digital logic). Thank you.
@saxypie 4 жыл бұрын
You are a very good teacher! I love the reverse engineering style of explaining. It’s like a fun puzzle instead of a dry lecture.
@kentbyron7608 Жыл бұрын
Wow! Fantastic content! Fascinating! Thank you thank you thank you. The revolution of useful creator content is being witnessed here. ❤️🙏🏼
@woody412 2 жыл бұрын
Good well presented videos Ben. I stopped doing electronic engineering 20 years ago to follow an alternative career but as I enter retirement I will get back into it as its such good fun.
@marcelopicoli8824 4 жыл бұрын
"NOP" came instantly into my mind when reading "EA". Even not having done anything in 6502 assembler in more than 10 years... Loved the video!
@Chaos89P 4 жыл бұрын
I didn't remember that EA was the value for NOP. Maybe it's because I only mildly dabbled in 6502 ASM?
@BruceHoult 3 жыл бұрын
My silly brain not only remembers than EA is NOP on the 6502, but also 4E71 from the 68000
@arhaisme 3 жыл бұрын
I have a BS in Computer Science and also took a course on Assembly during the BS and I still do not feel like I have a strong grasp on low level stuff. This series taught me many things about hardware and I am more confident, it's priceless, thank you very much!
@AB-Prince 2 жыл бұрын
when I first got a c64 in about 2012, I liked the simplicity of it's design, and I wanted to make my own games. I read the most efficient way was to code it in assembly, so I read as much as I could about the 6502, and eventually wrote my own guide for myself about what each of the assembly instructions are, what all of the addressing modes are for each of the instructions, and even an op-code table for if I decided to write in machine code. TL:DR if you write a manual yourself you'll be able to understand it better, and can use it as reference.
@user-ew1pe1io6o Жыл бұрын
Hahaha “BS”
@947C.Christmas.Siletz.Benton Жыл бұрын
Well, are you a boy nerd or a girl nerd?
@himehimine 2 жыл бұрын
I am so excited for when I buy the kit and get to follow along!
@user-zn6oc2vs8i 7 ай бұрын
I completely understand your plight in regards to the education system, in particular in the field of computer science information and artificial intelligence, Ben!
Low Level Learning
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