History of Special Relativity (Part 1) - Galilean Invariance & Maxwell's Equations

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HISTORY OF SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY
2:13 Galilean Transformations
5:07 Newton's Laws are invariant under Galilean Transformations
7:40 Maxwell''s Equations
14:03 Maxwell's Equations are NOT invariant under GT (Proof)
24:35 Final Thoughts
What lead to the birth of Special Theory of Relativity? What is the history behind it? What was Einstein's motivations in giving his two postulates?
What is Galilean invariance? Do Maxwell's Equations retain their form in different frames of reference?
Part 2 - • Michelson Morley Exper...
In this video and the next, I discuss the major issues, contradictions that lead to the culmination of the Special Theory of Relativity.
Following concepts are covered:
1. THE GALILEAN INVARIANCE OF NEWTON'S LAWS - I show how Newton's Second law is invariant under Galilean transformations
2. MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS
3. EM WAVE / LIGHT - I show how Maxwell's Equations predict the existence if light waves.
4. THE NON-INVARIANCE OF MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS (under GT) - I finally show how the Maxwell's Equations are not invariant under similar Galilean Transformations when going from one frame if reference to another.
𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬𓏬
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PLAYLIST ON Special Theory of Relativity
• Special Theory of Rela...
-----------------------------------------------------
1. History of Special Relativity ► • History of Special Rel...
2. Michelson Morley Experiment ► • Michelson Morley Exper...
3. Special Theory of Relativity ► • Special Theory of Rela...
4. Time Dilation (Thought Exp) ► • What is Time Dilation?...
5. Length Contraction (Thought Exp) ► • What is Length Contrac...
6. Lorentz Transormations ► • Derive Lorentz Transfo...
7. Relativity of Simultaneity ► • Relativity of Simultan...
8. Can you prove E=MC² ► • Can you PROVE the most...
-----------------------------------------------------
9. Special Theory of Relativity ► • Special Theory of Rela...
10. Length Contraction ► • Length Contraction (Sp...
11. Length Contraction of Inclined Rod ► • Length Contraction (& ...
12. Time Dilation ► • The Mind Bending Predi...
13. Muon Decay Experiment ► • The Mind-Blowing Proof...
14. Relativistic Velocity Transformations ► • Derivation of Relativi...
15. Speed of light in moving medium ► • Speed of Light in a mo...
16. Relativistic Doppler Effect ► • What is Relativistic D...
17. Relativistic Mass? ► • What is Relativistic m...
18. Relativistic Kinetic Energy ► • Relativistic Kinetic E...
19. Relativistic Force ► • Relativistic Force
20. Relativistic Energy & Momentum ► • Relativistic Energy an...
21. Magnetism arises from Relativity ► • The Hidden Connection ...
22. GATE Physics question ► • GATE Physics: Problem ...
23. TIFR Physics question ► • TIFR Physics: Problem ...
24. Question on Volume contraction ► • Volume Contraction in ...
25. JEST Physics question ► • JEST Physics: Solving ...
26. NET Physics question ► • CSIR-NET Physics Probl...
27. Spacetime Invariant Interval ► • SPACETIME Interval & i...
28. Minkowski Spacetime ► • Minkowski SPACETIME, H...
29. Eucledian Space & Minkowski Spacetime ► • 5 Main Differences b/w...
30. Spacetime Diagrams ► • Time Dilation, Length ...
31. Four Vectors in Relativity ► • What are FOUR VECTORS ...
32. Doppler Effect using 4-vectors ► • How to use 4 VECTORS t...
33. Compton Effect using 4-vectors ► • How to prove Compton e...
34. Particle Decay using 4-vectors ► • Particle Decay in Rela...
35. (SHORTS) Does Light experience time ► • Does light photon expe...
36. (SHORTS) Light for moving observer ► • What is the speed of L...
37. (SHORTS) Nothing can travel faster than light ► • Why nothing can travel...
38. (SHORTS) What is farther away ► • What is farther away, ...

Пікірлер: 149

@FortheLoveofPhysics 2 жыл бұрын

Michelson Morley Experiment ► kzfaq.info/get/bejne/fLd3erZ_rr3RY6M.html

@SPV66 10 ай бұрын

Hi, small error. Between 17:50 to 18:15 , I think the "q" on the outside of the main brackets was not properly distributed over all the terms inside the brackets when multiplying out.

@SPV66 10 ай бұрын

Hi, thank you very much for this awesome lecture tutorial. It was excellent and superbly delivered. Would really appreciate so much if you can suggest a textbook on STR at the same level of difficulty as your video to supplement understanding further. Is there a textbook that also shows clearly step-by-step the non-invariance of Maxwell's Equations as you have shown here? Thank you.

@williamwalker39 6 ай бұрын

In the nearfield, the speed of light is infinity (see my post at the top of the comments) So inserting c=infinity into the argument presented in this video shows that Maxwells equations are invariant under Galilean transformations in the nearfield, where the speed of light is infinite.

@FortheLoveofPhysics 6 жыл бұрын

2:13 Galilean Transformations 5:07 Newton's Laws are invariant under Galilean Transformations 7:40 Maxwell''s Equations 14:03 Maxwell's Equations are NOT invariant under GT (Proof) 24:35 Final Thoughts

@kamodkumar6793 3 жыл бұрын

Hey I want to talk with you sir who we can

@jwano2603 2 жыл бұрын

The general D'Alembert wave equation is not invariant under GT, why just matter when we talk about Maxwell Equations and not with material waves?

@pranavsachdeva9691 2 жыл бұрын

You wrote that divergence of electric field is 0

@eigenchris 4 жыл бұрын

Awesome work going into the details of how Newton's laws and Galilean Transforms work together.

@RahulSharmaSingularity 2 жыл бұрын

You both are extremely hard working and making my love affair with Einsteing much much more ! Kudos and what great channels !

@damian.gamlath 6 жыл бұрын

This is bloody amazing. If all university lectures preceeded themselves with an explanation like yours, with an explanation of what we are trying to do and the meaning of things, things would make a hell of a lot more sense.

@prakash-ny7sj Жыл бұрын

Noted ( i am a professor in govt state college)

@goadelaja Жыл бұрын

All thanks to your videos, I passed a course on Special relativity and Reimann Geometry, in Applied Mathematics. Your simple and systematic approach to teaching the subject was of great help to my understanding. Keep up the good work

@Alkis05 3 жыл бұрын

I have to admit, it is not always easy to understand lectures of professors with Hindi accent, but I would like to say that I appreciate the effort you took on diction and pacing. Made it very comfortable to listen to, which is great for learning. Also your explanations are awesomely clear and easy to follow, without skipping anything important. I could follow the lecture very well, even though it is the first time I'm looking at this topic of the inconsistency of Maxwell equations and Galilean transformations. The algorithm did a great job, because I was looking exactly for this lecture and yours was the first thing to come up and it is well deserved. Thanks for the great content.

@fahrenheit2101 3 ай бұрын

Yeah this dude's a rare breed among the vast space of Indian educators on KZfaq. Most are rushed and unhelpful and merely outline the bare minimum, but this channel actually approaches things with a good amount of passion and background.

@Tom-sp3gy Жыл бұрын

Most books on special relativity, even the very best ones, give only a qualitative description of everything you have just said. Not only do you give a quantitative exegesis, you do so without leaving anything out! A complete explanation that totally satisfies ! You deserve the highest of commendation possible !

@mahadevmaha5621 6 жыл бұрын

This work is really a great opportunity to physics lovers, to polish/nurture etc.the subject. Sincere thanks to u and If all ends meet to justice to this chain to carry forward then u have option here!

@faisalmehmood5207 4 жыл бұрын

Lovely explanation...😘. This channel is true for the lover of physics.. 😘

@rounaksen1357 5 жыл бұрын

again a flawless lecture...to the point and very well presented ..for me you are the best teacher

@pritykumari5399 3 жыл бұрын

I have become a fan of your teaching style.Your videos give an opportunity to revisit what I have learnt during my college days. Would love to see you teach mathematical physics as well.

@caltechharvard 3 жыл бұрын

This was outstanding. Thank you. Brought back wonderful memories of my early days of physics as a freshman at Caltech in 1969. Wonderful!!!!

@teampunk1356 9 ай бұрын

A caltech legacy alum!? Damn sir!

@Godpathforkids-yj5hr Жыл бұрын

Thank you giving a great understanding of how things worked in reality. This enhances my curiosity in Physics. Thank you for your hardwork and you explain really in a extremely good manner.

@victoriarisko Жыл бұрын

Great lecture explaining a very complex subject in a simple, cleat way. Bravo

@shishirjha7744 2 жыл бұрын

Other Physics lecturers must watch this young man to see how Physics lectures should be taken. Great work.

@minubrahma2181 Жыл бұрын

After wandering through several different videos on relativity i finally found the one that clearly explained the need of the ether concept!

@glennnakamura4831 Ай бұрын

Amazing derivation of the wave equation for E-M waves! MIT lecturers took board space after board space to do it in only one dimension! I am really impressed!

@VishalKumar-vb8bw 2 жыл бұрын

A lot of hard work is put in this video, outstanding performance with a taste of simplicity...... enjoyed learning.👏👏

@vivekkumbhar2624 5 жыл бұрын

Clear and upto the point, just loved it 😍

@manik5145 3 жыл бұрын

an under-subscribed channel

@gautamsahu7791 3 жыл бұрын

Well explainaion..your way of explainaion are excellent sir..ji

@nihilisticboi3520 3 жыл бұрын

Beautifully taught! Everything is perfect.

@orikpeyang4043 2 жыл бұрын

Sir, you really talented teacher among the others teacher . Everyday I am looking for best teacher for b.sec physics on you tube but I never find teacher like you. You are really a great master and as well as a great physicist. Sir you long live. Jai baharat jai India. 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏❤❤❤❤❤

@ruchi9917 3 жыл бұрын

You are a great teacher! Thank you for your videos!

@mohammedheneen 5 жыл бұрын

you have really great way of describing difficult concepts, I benefited a lot from your video .. Can you do one more video to show that magnetic field is a relativistic effect from moving reference frame. So that electricity and magnetism are two sides of the same coin.

@user-fb4zo8wd5n Жыл бұрын

I suggest checking Shankar's Yale physics 201 lectures. More precisely, his second lecture on EM waves towards the end. The question you asked is discussed there. You can also consult David Griffiths book on EM.

@shwetayadav842 3 жыл бұрын

M glad I show your channel... Thank u so much for this explanation ❤

@Ohmashaal 3 жыл бұрын

Brilliant explanation! Thank you so much.

@germatech Жыл бұрын

Sir, want just to thank you for your excellent presentation on SR...thank you so much...

@vidhikaushal2095 3 жыл бұрын

just splendid🔥 ..tysm Sr for this Amazing explanation ❤️

@aremenderootowuwan9319 Жыл бұрын

Well done, I so much enjoyed most of your videos in most of the topics you explained. I would want you to do me a favour by making videos on electromagnetism and problems in respects to this concept. I would be very glad if you do this for me and for other Physics scholars. Thanks!

@olupotmoses275 5 ай бұрын

You are physics itself sir. i love the clear explanations

@gunny05 4 жыл бұрын

Sir you are doing a great job. Your understanding of physics is deep and very clear. Please make a series on general relativity also :) :)

@quantumfieldtheory5215phymath 11 ай бұрын

Sir love you from Bangladesh. It's really helping us a lot. Please continue to make such amazing videos.

@laural614 2 жыл бұрын

This video was very helpful. Thank you very much!

@flashfitness7210 2 жыл бұрын

Fantastic explanation !!

@shubhamdubey3902 5 жыл бұрын

Sir according to me ur teaching n ur way teaching both r so unique n very best. I would like 2 say that ur the best sir 👍Great!

@FortheLoveofPhysics 5 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much Shubham :)

@williamwalker39 6 ай бұрын

@@FortheLoveofPhysics In the nearfield, the speed of light is infinity (see my post at the top of these comments) So inserting c=infinity into the argument presented in this video shows that Maxwells equations are invariant under Galilean transformations in the nearfield, where the speed of light is infinite.

@thermodynamics458 3 жыл бұрын

Nicely done. That wasn't easy. Tricky thing to explain.

@yassinbimgdi6124 4 жыл бұрын

thank you so much sir that helped me beside you are really good at explaning

@gatotpramono4302 4 жыл бұрын

Clear explanation eventhough it uses vector calculus. After all it's awesome

@jasminparmar3394 4 жыл бұрын

Thank u very much sir, l eagerly wait of general relativity field equations derivation from u.

@williamwalker39 6 ай бұрын

In the nearfield, the speed of light is infinity (see below) So inserting c=infinity into the argument presented in this video shows that Maxwells equations are invariant under Galilean transformations in the nearfield, where the speed of light is infinite.

@hariharansankaran2403 3 жыл бұрын

Awesome explanation for physics lovers...

@AngelAlita84 Жыл бұрын

Sir, your videos are amazing, can you please also post the DUAL VECTORS? I have exam in ten days, would be very grateful! I cannot understand anyone who is describing it here, I really need your explanations. Thanks in advance!

@higjiidghjk1013 3 жыл бұрын

This is what I wanted thank you

@hhou2972 6 жыл бұрын

That's what I was looking for, ty :)

@FortheLoveofPhysics 6 жыл бұрын

+Luffy Houssam You're welcome!

@Godpathforkids-yj5hr Жыл бұрын

Dear Sir, When you will made vedios on GTR with each and every detail. Have you any further plans for it or not?

@gopalkrishna8587 3 жыл бұрын

Sir please bring the general theory of relativity as soon as possible.

@kidslearningbymadhankarthi6114 2 жыл бұрын

Great explanation...!!

@doutormanhattan5680 11 ай бұрын

18:00 The "q" is missing in some of the terms in the equation.

@oyster4545 Жыл бұрын

😢😢no word to thank this person.i would love to give credit of my success in physics to this gentleman

@sajeddar6858 5 жыл бұрын

Sir how law of angular momentum is invariant in galalian transformation

@Gatewaysclassesupsc 4 жыл бұрын

Flawless lecture lots of love dear

@vinaysipani4251 5 жыл бұрын

Nice one.

@Noah-jz3gt Жыл бұрын

oh my god… you’re just amazing 😂❤

@ranaabdullahranaabdullah3296 4 жыл бұрын

sir plz tell me how to understand theory of realtivity from origin

@joelandjohn2649 11 ай бұрын

Sir, can you make a separate lecture on General relativity

@suvrasamanta3007 Жыл бұрын

Sir I want to learn about twin paradox in special theory of relativity

@harkiratsingh2665 5 жыл бұрын

you are doing great work sir hats off

@FortheLoveofPhysics 5 жыл бұрын

Thanks :)

@jrrahulsingh 3 жыл бұрын

Great explaining power sir....

@awaisnizamani3754 4 жыл бұрын

Sir please upload video on general relativity plz

@williammartin4416 6 ай бұрын

Thanks!

@shalinitk3416 11 ай бұрын

Can you please tell me reference books

@oyster4545 Жыл бұрын

absolute FOR kia hota ha?

@teddybose6373 Жыл бұрын

R these videos apt for Bsc? or its based for engeenering syllabus

@RahulChoudhary-tl7gu 9 ай бұрын

Comparison ????? How you have done

@MohdSameer-rx9gj 5 жыл бұрын

Sir, your lectures are amazing but please create the playlist of your vedios....to help us find the vedios separately and easily

@FortheLoveofPhysics 5 жыл бұрын

Will do

@MohdSameer-rx9gj 5 жыл бұрын

Ok sir..thanks

@owaisfarooq939 Жыл бұрын

You write E=E(x,t) along the y axis, but if "E" is a function of x and t then the electric field movies along the x axis or time axis instead of y axis.similarly for the magnetic field . I get confused here.

@duked6888 4 жыл бұрын

Sir if you don't mind can you explain 17:50... The comparison and how we get B=B'

@SPV66 10 ай бұрын

I think the "q" on the outside of the main brackets was not properly distributed when multiplying out.

@FrancisZerbib Жыл бұрын

Brilliant

@bijayalaxmimallik9068 4 жыл бұрын

Sir when u give general theory of relativity

@officialsonybhatia 5 жыл бұрын

Sir next topic btaiye

@mohdnoor9974 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you my fellow human

@sarathadevi7043 3 жыл бұрын

superb

@williamwalker39 6 ай бұрын

Einstein's theory of Special Relativity is based on 2 premises 1) Galilean Relativity: the laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference 2) the speed of light is the same in all inertial frames of reference. I claim that the 2nd premise is already included in the 1st premise. This is because the speed of light c is a law of physics, and according to the 1st premise it must be the same in all inertial frames of reference. Another way of stating the 1st postulate, is that there is no experiment that can be done to determine the speed of an inertial moving body. So the 2nd postulate must be included in the 1st postulate, otherwise one could do an experiment based on the speed of light to determine the velocity of a moving inertial observer (like the Michelson Morley experiment). The 1st postulate predicts the Michelson Morley experimental outcome, and it can not measure the effects of the Ether! So if the 2 premises of Special Relativity are just the premise of Galilean Relativity, then according to logic, it is impossible to get different transformations (Lorentz transformations) than one gets for Galilean Relativity (Galilean transformations). Consequently Galilean Relativity must be the correct theory of Relativity. So if the effects of Relativity are observed in experiments, then the effects of Relativity must be an optical illusion. Another outcome of this argument is that Galilean Relativity assumes the speed of light is the same in all inertial frames of reference, which includes the instantaneous nearfield and speed of light farfield. In other words Maxwells equations, which predicts both, is invariant under Galilean transformations.

@Gatewaysclassesupsc 4 жыл бұрын

Wow lots of love

@curiousminds2603 Жыл бұрын

Love you sir, great explain everything make more videos 🤩 I am fist year engineering physics student pls sir launch course for gate physics it great help

@Gatewaysclassesupsc 4 жыл бұрын

Deserve more subscriber

@linanahak588 Жыл бұрын

Sir i am inspired by you and i want to be like you🙏🙏

@faisalsheikh7846 4 жыл бұрын

Sir plzzz make a series of quantum physics plzz sir

@BESTWINCARE 3 жыл бұрын

Super sir...

@abcdef2069 7 ай бұрын

do any physicists ever have an urge to ask what transformation makes maxwell's eq invariant. it was the Voigt who tried 1st, and came with voigt transformation which was similar to that of lorentz but backward. experts said voigt was still correct in his own right or something. but i dont have math skills to follow the proof, maybe someone can show me easy way.

@hamzaashraff 24 күн бұрын

7:33 why you did not multiply d/dt with -v?

@nsmultiman1679 21 күн бұрын

Same question bro. Did you find any logical explanation to it?

@anweshpanda7417 Жыл бұрын

At,17:58 can anyone explain how the comparison results in such results?

@SPV66 10 ай бұрын

I think the "q" on the outside of the main brackets was not properly distributed when multiplying out.

@for-the-love-of-maths 5 жыл бұрын

Amazing explanation ☺☺☺☺

@for-the-love-of-maths 5 жыл бұрын

One of the most difficult unit in physics when i was doing B.SC was statistical thermodynamics...I hope i will see a playlist on that unit in future by you sir...

@sonal4464 6 жыл бұрын

Nice video sir 😊👍

@FortheLoveofPhysics 6 жыл бұрын

+Sonal Thank you..

@manishbmx8854 6 жыл бұрын

me bhi einstein ne jo theory diya h usme kam karna chahta hu ,12th ke bad mujhe kya krna chahiye ,astrophysicist bnna sahi hoga na ,astrophysicist bnne k liye 12 th ke bad kaumsa course kru

@FortheLoveofPhysics 6 жыл бұрын

To go into astrophysics you need to do graduation in Physics. So a BSc Hons in Physics of a 5 yr Msc from an IIT are good options

@sbkarajan 2 жыл бұрын

We have seen the formula so many times, but never seen it being applied to real world problem with real numbers, albeit hypothetical. Do you have an example problem, that we can apply to see if time dilation and length contraction does do its intended purpose, i.e. keeping the speed of light constant regardless of if you are a moving observer or a stationary one. Using some real numbers, like v = 0.6c, and find out if time dilation and length contraction works. More fun would be, what if v = -0.6c, opposite direction of the light travel?

@doctorpanigrahi9975 Жыл бұрын

The atomic clocks of Global positioning system satellites are faster than that of on earth ,so they have to be calibrated to provide correct information.

@sbkarajan Жыл бұрын

@@doctorpanigrahi9975 Aromic clock in the satellite needs to be reset twice a day due to shift in its location, speed. No need for relativity correction.

@rishigautam6992 4 жыл бұрын

Time is not absolute if go more faster to the nearly speed of light ,the time is slower for you

@TheCosmicDestroyer.... 2 жыл бұрын

I can't myself keep thinking where the fuck I was for three years

@gauravverma6608 4 жыл бұрын

sir at 10:00 you have written Del.E=0 but its not true its=p/epsilon plz answer

@FortheLoveofPhysics 4 жыл бұрын

Its true in vacuum where there are no charges, so p=0

@gauravverma6608 4 жыл бұрын

Thankyou sir

@ShubhamCE22 5 жыл бұрын

Sir, i'm not getting hold of the thing that the progagation medium for em waves is vacuum.and what's ether then?It's also a progapgating medium😅..Pls clr my doubt.I'm a bit baffled.

@FortheLoveofPhysics 5 жыл бұрын

Traditionally, waves travel through some (material) medium. So, when em waves were discovered, it was assumed that there must be some medium (namely ether) that em waves propagate through. However, after relativity, the idea of ether has been abandoned. It was an idea which sounded nice a century ago, but for complete clarity, ether does not exist. There is NO such thing as ether. Em waves move through vacuum. We discuss ether only to give (historical) context to the development of these ideas.

@ShubhamCE22 5 жыл бұрын

Thanks a lot sir!!

@imaginer04 3 жыл бұрын

My apologise. Actually I didn’t understand the steps :q(E-VqB)=q(E'-Vq'B') =>qE-VqB=qE'-VqB'+VB'

@aishwitgupta7619 Жыл бұрын

Shouldn't q also be multipled to vqB? 18:09

@SPV66 10 ай бұрын

That's right! I think the "q" on the outside of the main brackets was not properly distributed when multiplying out.

@AnonymousAlien2099 8 ай бұрын

Poore video mei tujhe yahi dikha?

@trendingvideos5982 5 жыл бұрын

Sir plz rply... Whether the momentum remains invorent under galilean transformation?

@trendingvideos5982 5 жыл бұрын

Plz rply tomorrow is my exam😭😭

@FortheLoveofPhysics 5 жыл бұрын

Momentum (as a quantity) is not invariant. This is because momentum is mass times velocity. N velocity can be different in different frames of reference.

@trendingvideos5982 5 жыл бұрын

But sir my frnd gave me something proof of .."show that the linear momentum is invariant under galilean transformation?

@oyster4545 Жыл бұрын

Gem❤❤😊😊

@Dr.kcMishra 5 жыл бұрын

sir what is the difference between invariant and covariant?

@FortheLoveofPhysics 5 жыл бұрын

One way to explain it simply is when u have a vector, then the components of the vector will change once the coordinate system (or axes) are changed, but the vector itself will not undergo change. So, contravariant, as well as covarient vectors refer to a certain 'way' in which that change happens. To see the manner in which the change happens, u vl need to look that up in detail. On the other hand, invariant is something (some quantity) that does not change even under the change of axes. For eg. In 4D space-time ds^2 = dx^2 + dy^2 + dz^2 -c^2dt^2 ( which is the difference between two points in that coordinate system) is invariant under any transformation. Such an invariant displacement can be obtained by the dot product of a covarient and a contravariant form of displacement vector. That's all i can elaborate here....

@Dr.kcMishra 5 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much sir....

@officialsonybhatia 5 жыл бұрын

I like it