HIV Life Cycle | HHMI BioInteractive Video

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Күн бұрын

How HIV infects a cell and replicates itself using reverse transcriptase and the host's cellular machinery.
For more information on HIV', visit www.biointeractive.org/classr...

Пікірлер: 230

@ethellochrose6531 2 жыл бұрын

Honestly, I have so much respect for animators. I'm a 2nd year medical student and this video has been so so helpful. Great job, guys!💫👏

@TalhaPenArt 2 жыл бұрын

Damn you’re doing this in second year ??? I’m doing this in year 13, hopefully I get into medicine soon, still waiting on Uk offers :(

@huiioyasin1070 2 жыл бұрын

1st year ma ap ky kitny marks hn

@luxxerpolman470 2 жыл бұрын

@@TalhaPenArt ikr, I’m doing this in grade 11 and I’m just 15

@pdevine999 2 жыл бұрын

Its a good job students have animators to create viruses and then funded studies to create a backstory for the particles . Without that your simply studying something that never existed .

@SoLoGLidez Жыл бұрын

@@pdevine999 are you hinting that this is all bs? if so that’s funny

@mntonja 3 жыл бұрын

I just wish I had KZfaq and the internet back in high school. It gets much easier to understand these concepts when you see them in action as opposed to reading about it.

@inuahead1218 5 ай бұрын

How do u know this really happens. Virus being in a cell in a live host. How can this cycle be seen? In a live person? In this detail.?

@user-mo2sg8mf5k Ай бұрын

@@inuahead1218microscopes probably

@debayan19 2 жыл бұрын

One of the best descriptive animated video in KZfaq for a viral infection cycle. A piece of advice cum request: Please make similar animated videos on different viruses like HBV, HSV, HCV, POLIOVIRUS, CORONAVIRUS, MYXOVIRUS, etc.

@sehoraneratau4375 2 жыл бұрын

Cant express how helpful this video was,. Thank you so much, you are doing The Lords work for sure

@priyankasangasani6954 3 жыл бұрын

Topic wise crystal clear visualisations 👌

@vanajasrimbbtc2769 5 жыл бұрын

such a great visualization...thank you so much for scientist for finding all these complex process....

@lavenderlouvesx_ Жыл бұрын

This video really made me understand the lifecycle of hiv

@Jindy2 4 жыл бұрын

Excellent clip - very clear and well explained. Thanks!

@abcmaniabcmani9361 2 жыл бұрын

💯💯💯💯 I am pre medical student and get many help from this animation I am thankful of animators🥰🥰🥰🥰🥰

@MrEthanhines 4 жыл бұрын

Now, can you make the same highly detailed video on Sars-Cov2? Showing the spike protein and ace2 receptor and conformational change in spike protein by TMPRSS2 and endocytosis along with the viral RNA dependant RNA polymerase, and the way the host ribosome sometimes frameshifts to read either ORFA/B and then proceeds to create negative strand subgenomic rnas, and how replication-transcription complexes are created and how they prevent interferon-α from being expressed and how non-structural proteins downregulate host immune responses. And finally how a low cost drug could prevent certain steps in viral replication

@Matthew-yc6nx 11 ай бұрын

Such as adenosine nucleoside analogues and protease inhibitors?

@user-mo2sg8mf5k Ай бұрын

No need. HIV is worse than Sars-Cov

@hulyagizemozkan184 6 жыл бұрын

best intensive and clear explanation, thank you!

@Daniman-nk2vj 4 жыл бұрын

Nice pic

@eeltauy 6 жыл бұрын

I'm just speechless!

@Sophia-gc5yz 4 жыл бұрын

Thanks for this video! Helped me out with my genetics class.

@nighteyes.5455 2 жыл бұрын

Leaving a comment for the algorithm. This was great, 10/10.

@Karan-wz7pt Жыл бұрын

this is spooky and mind-boggling at the same time

@shahmohshafi6103 Жыл бұрын

This video is really awesome and a great way to clear the concepts

@buddy8998 2 жыл бұрын

being A Neet Aspirant I have Watch This Video About 10 times...lol Before every test i Watch it Insted Of reading NCERT

@zubaireditz5900 2 жыл бұрын

The best of best video

@Thaofficialsensei 8 ай бұрын

It’s as if the viruses are computer coded they come with their own installation software and everything 😮

@librarieskim8569 Жыл бұрын

I subscribe a channel after a long time, can't miss your videos

@librarieskim8569 Жыл бұрын

Finally, i finally understand this thing thanks to your amazing animated video and your explanation. Thanks a alot

@biointeractive Жыл бұрын

Glad it helped!

@Ciaran55 4 жыл бұрын

I started reading more and more about the immune system and these things we call viruses. But that only makes me want to ask more and more questions. For one thing, how does a strand of genetic material even know how to get into the nucleus? Do viruses need energy, and what are 'proteins' exactly? Rambling aside, thank you for the video! Life is incredibly complex

@kallashnykov 4 жыл бұрын

Well a strand of genetic material is information. The virus has all the information necessary for it to get into the cell and multiply embedded in its dna. Proteins are biomolecules that carry functions inside a living being.

@bigpardner 2 жыл бұрын

@Unique Pros Sperm have motility

@bigpardner 2 жыл бұрын

Why would a virus need energy for if it is not a living thing? Nothing in this animation has ever been observed has it? Doesn't that make it all theoretical?

@pdevine999 2 жыл бұрын

@Abhiyanshu Chaudhary ribosomes probably don't even exist , I bet they never learned you about the work of Harold Hillman , they have turned something way too complicated for the human brain to understand or observe into simple materialistic blocks or repeatable information , the problem is is that its 99% wrong.

@biointeractive 2 жыл бұрын

Which 1% is right? Just asking

@tayyabasehar1561 2 жыл бұрын

Thank u so much for this kind of act

@JoaoVictor-dw2ci Ай бұрын

This video is magnificent to understand the whole process happening !!! amazing

@Folkmarev 4 ай бұрын

Wow! Clear and amazing explanation, thank u so much

@Dr_SteveK Жыл бұрын

Brilliant, very brilliant depiction and quite concise. Thank you

@biointeractive Жыл бұрын

You're very welcome!

@vicente5942 Жыл бұрын

Important to mention, is the fact that CD4 receptor is not exclusive to T helper cells. The CD4 receptor is in T helper cells, macrophage , dendritic cells, and others.

@Matthew-yc6nx 11 ай бұрын

That's correct, however the main target cells of HIV-1/2 are CD4 expressing T-Helper leykocytes.

@warriork4802 4 жыл бұрын

The best one 👏👏😊

@t.r.4496 4 жыл бұрын

Somebody figured all this out with a microscope, all I can say is bravo.

@gerontodon 3 жыл бұрын

Did they? I doubt it, because that's not how it was 'isolated'.

@coneyworks8791 3 жыл бұрын

Most viruses are too small to be seen with a typical light microscope however can be seen with a electron microscope. But I quite agree, still bravo :)

@kidspremieretv 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you 💗 sir, This video are really very helpful for me , in this video we are easily and clearly understand.

@thandolwethuntombela8691 2 жыл бұрын

best video on the internet me thinks!

@mobinshafeian2711 8 ай бұрын

incredible video, this video was super good for my school project

@jaethegoddexx 2 жыл бұрын

This was great to follow along

@Static_Symphony 3 жыл бұрын

Really interesting video. Thanks for posting! :)

@biointeractive 3 жыл бұрын

Glad you enjoyed it!

@mortadhaqasim959 2 жыл бұрын

Well done 👏🏻

@shafiulismam5334 4 жыл бұрын

make more technical videos like this pls

@rawandahhan8866 5 жыл бұрын

Perfect!!

@gjzztrrettmmggrrertzhgyena4950 4 жыл бұрын

Thanks Sir🖐💖💖💖💖

@mcdonnell-douglasdc-1087 4 жыл бұрын

EXCELLENT.

@minahalriazbutt121 3 жыл бұрын

thank u so much sir for such a best video.......it is really helpful in understanding the whole process which would otherwise be very difficult to learn

@biointeractive 3 жыл бұрын

You are most welcome

@moulya.s5066 3 жыл бұрын

Tq fr d information

@user-hi3je8jx1o 3 жыл бұрын

thank you so much for that amazing video

@biointeractive 3 жыл бұрын

Glad you liked it!

@fatamajolly6012 3 ай бұрын

Excellent video

@maniblue707 7 жыл бұрын

very usefull

@yaranady9860 3 жыл бұрын

Perfect ❤️

@InfinixHotPlay-vn6cv 2 жыл бұрын

Animation is the best way of learning.

@Alasr27 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks so much.. Alot of work has been accomplished for me

@biointeractive 2 жыл бұрын

You are so welcome

@sharafallmai8140 4 ай бұрын

Thank you

@marcayalde1953 2 жыл бұрын

10/10 animation, W

@Hareemqureshi991 9 ай бұрын

Thank u so much Sir❤❤❤

@andrashajdu 4 жыл бұрын

Its amazing that we are able to understand this

@junepadi4362 3 жыл бұрын

Now that we understand it, how do we neutralize it, permanently.

@Matthew-yc6nx 11 ай бұрын

@@junepadi4362bNAB's? Latency reversal agents?

@noorain_fathima 3 жыл бұрын

Superbbb

@yangjiansir 7 жыл бұрын

So complex how do the scientist find such process?

@williamcahyadi 5 жыл бұрын

Curiosity

@thundaga4005 4 жыл бұрын

By forming hypotheses and testing them against laboratory experiments, repeated over and over again.

@kotsaris87 4 жыл бұрын

By doing science.

@razvanboasca1146 4 жыл бұрын

Because they made it.

@shafiulismam5334 4 жыл бұрын

Biochemistry X Genetics

@shafiulismam5334 4 жыл бұрын

Hi Biointeractive, make one like this for corona virus

@natalierobinson177 4 ай бұрын

I would have done so much better in highschool if the internet was around. It’s hard for me to grasp these concepts without a visual ❤❤❤ really helping me in college

@ilyasyo6079 10 ай бұрын

thnk you very mutch

@vladimirvondracek7570 2 жыл бұрын

Excelent video, thank you

@biointeractive 2 жыл бұрын

You are welcome!

@user-nm1rh3ih5x 4 ай бұрын

I subscribed your channel bcz of this beautiful video, thanks! If you add more detail like from how it enters our body + for macrophage i.e. CXCR4 …… its budding off and destroying the cell membrane. Again Thanks for you👍

@Matthew-yc6nx 11 ай бұрын

1:27 This video is inaccurate. The capsid is not shed upon fusion into the cytoplasm. The capsid travels intact from the cytoplasm and is imported into the nucleus through nuclear pores by nuclear import proteins. Reverse transcriptase happens while the RNA is still inside the capsid, and the capsid does not uncoat until the reverse transcriptase process has complete (inside the nucleus) and the viral DNA is then ready to integrate itself into the host DNA.

@rudygarcia2567 5 жыл бұрын

Agree 100 percent. Nice video. I only have 1 question why can't the body detect Hiv during the early phase or upon entry? I have a theory which could be extremely wrong- because Hiv is so unique- the body of course can detect Hiv. However during early immune response Hiv can easily elude this by giving up its receptor sites( gp 120). The immune system would stop attacking the virus because it only attacks virus with antennas or gp 120. In the absence of gp 120 it would shut down. Then Hiv would grow back its gp 120 if threatened again it would give it up again. The process would go on and on until it reaches its target tcells. By then it's checkmate.anyway it's just a theory which is probably wrong anyway. I just wish people with Hiv aids will be healed soonest.

@puteripelangi3388 2 жыл бұрын

@Unique Pros yup

@sandrodream5418 3 жыл бұрын

This is incredible only got the cold create this perfection

@sarwatfatima4946 3 ай бұрын

well explained

@omarsantiago2826 2 жыл бұрын

excelente

@vishnujwalapuram1415 4 жыл бұрын

Excellent Video with good Voice description !! it is shocking to see how many activities inside our body happens with such high precision. what direct Virus to do all these ? the whole ego of any organism is reflected in the form of multiplication of itself. Is Virus doing the same ?

@Cleeon 4 жыл бұрын

Chemical reaction, by the natural law, all creature programmed to keep their existence, they just want to stay "immortal" or exist

@bigpardner 2 жыл бұрын

If virus is not alive it is not an "organism" is it?

@user-hl3uv3ki5c Жыл бұрын

Very helpful, thanks

@biointeractive Жыл бұрын

Glad it was helpful!

@80sbrunnette 3 жыл бұрын

crazy, its as if it has a mind of its own!!

@syntacticcave9514 Жыл бұрын

Very interesting

@jonathanmwanzia1804 Жыл бұрын

wonderful one

@biointeractive Жыл бұрын

Many thanks

@TheWa4er 5 жыл бұрын

It would be great to see a similar video about how modern HIV medicines works

@antonioacevedo5200 5 жыл бұрын

I am no expert by any means, but I just watched another video where it explained that medications specialize in preventing one or more of the sequences that occur during the replication processes of HIV. What I wonder is if these retroviruses eventually die of old age.

@roo6784 4 жыл бұрын

Antonio Acevedo Unfortunately no, viruses cannot be killed. Viruses are non living microorganisms that contain genetic coding (DNA, RNA, etc). However, a virus can only thrive if it invades a host, they cannot live independently. Once a virus binds its receptors to cells, they hijack the genetic instructions and multiply in vast numbers, unless a medication is taken to prevent the receptors from binding. But it would be difficult to predict a viral invasion because symptoms will not start until after the damage has already been done (Which in this case, would be the virus hijacking the genetic coding of an individual and multiplying).

@bigpardner 2 жыл бұрын

@@roo6784 In one sentence you say "viruses are non living microorganisms ". If non living they are not microorganisms are they? Organisms and microorganisms are living things. How can a virus invade a host if it is not living? How can it can or cannot "live independently" if it is not a living thing, an organism? How can something have a reproductive cycle if it is not alive?

@biointeractive 2 жыл бұрын

www.sciencenews.org/article/viruses-alive-coronavirus-definition

@Dr.Iftekharbaloch 4 жыл бұрын

Very informative. What happens to 2nd RNA strand?

@sina8398 4 жыл бұрын

when HIV enters the cell both of RNA's form a double stranded viral DNA , and that DNA will go and stick to the host DNA. so that will cause a long-life infection because scientist are not able to remove that viral DNA from the host DNA

@tinabrahim7085 2 жыл бұрын

Great video!

@ahmadbhaiyat3015 2 жыл бұрын

Agreed

@biointeractive 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks!

@yersinia3510 2 жыл бұрын

I thought CCR5 coreceptor is required for HIV to enter macrophages? Based on my source, it is CXCR4 that is required for HIV to enter T-lymphocytes particularly T-helper cells. Can you please enlighten me?

@Matthew-yc6nx 11 ай бұрын

Some strains of HIV utilise the CCR5 corepector, some use the CXCR4 coreceptor, and some use both. This is called HIV-tropism. Some people are co-infected with both CCR5 and CXCR4 trophic viruses. This is known as HIV superinfection.

@sugarbrownies8080 4 жыл бұрын

what happens to the other rna asit is double rna

@Dr.Iftekharbaloch 4 жыл бұрын

2:06 Single stranded DNA is again reverse transcribed? Since the single stranded DNA is used as a template for synthesis of 2nd strand of DNA so can we call it reverse transcription?

@biointeractive 4 жыл бұрын

Good point, that shouldn't be considered reverse transcription I don't think. Many of these animations will be re-narrated so we will check that. Thanks!

@Dr.Iftekharbaloch 4 жыл бұрын

@@biointeractive It would be better to narrate the polymerase and nuclease activity of reverse transcriptase..

@thokling361 4 жыл бұрын

The process is described by the narration (and subsequently the video) as a single operation and by the incorrect enzyme. It appears that DNA polymerase synthesises two single DNA strands from one, and DNA ligase joins two single DNA strands into one by joining DNA sugars on each strand together.

@Dr.Iftekharbaloch Жыл бұрын

@@biointeractive Still not re narrated...

@biointeractive Жыл бұрын

Thanks for bumping this. Turns out that reverse transcriptase does indeed make a double-stranded DNA molecule out of the single-stranded DNA. Using the phrase "reverse transcribed" is misleading, I agree, but reverse transcriptase is indeed the enzyme that does it. If we ever re-record this narration (the current one was taken from a live lecture) we will keep this in mind. "Reverse transcriptase (RT), also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, is a DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes single-stranded RNA into DNA. This enzyme is able to synthesize a double helix DNA once the RNA has been reverse transcribed in a first step into a single-strand DNA." From: www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/reverse-transcriptase

@shivamghosh7019 10 ай бұрын

Can multiple hiv virus enter same cd4 cell ?

@taniaratobilskaja-obreiter4616 4 жыл бұрын

Классные видео! Сделайте pleas субтитры на русском oder auf Deutsch.

@intelligentmind5028 3 жыл бұрын

🙌

@jaylxxxi1908 2 ай бұрын

Its like cells are biological computer machines.

@luislanga 8 ай бұрын

How does all that stuff move into the right place to do all that

@Letseewhat 4 жыл бұрын

sneaky creatures!

@basisTermium 4 жыл бұрын

i dont get how the virus know when too bud off?

@jetrogutierrez1356 4 жыл бұрын

The virus budds out once it has all the correct protiens to mature into an infectious hiv virus. Then it will mature outside of the cells after peotease does its job.

@leonak7654 2 жыл бұрын

Smart virus and scary !

@Matthew-yc6nx 11 ай бұрын

Not smarts, just evolution and selection

@hadianawaz7621 Жыл бұрын

❤

@LOZtwilit 5 жыл бұрын

Would it be possible to destroy those receptors somehow? If the virus can't replicate wouldn't it expire past the incubation period? I'm asking in all seriousness.

@NotoriousPyro 4 жыл бұрын

You'd die if you destroyed those receptors. They're used in immune response.

@jamesjohnson1050 4 жыл бұрын

Some HIV medication work by blocking the receptors on the virus.

@Matthew-yc6nx 11 ай бұрын

@@jamesjohnson1050Like Maraviroc, Enfurvitide and Ibalizumab?

@ozdevil4564 2 жыл бұрын

How does Prep works?

@alfmerck6262 2 ай бұрын

It creates chemicals that disrupt the virus's reproduction at all of the various stages described in the video.....1) it prevents the HIV entering the cell.....2) those that do enter the cell are then stopped from reverse-transcriptions....3) those that manage RT then get prevented from cleaving the DNA....and so on.

@ZKhan782 Жыл бұрын

From where other glycoprotein of virus com from on cell surface

@joaosayeg 21 күн бұрын

The RNA is not converted in DNA, it's used as a mold to create DNA. Is that right?

@wolfpackflt670 4 жыл бұрын

Soo.....why not just use crisper to change the "keys" on the helper-t cells so that the virus can't enter?

@biointeractive 4 жыл бұрын

Main issue is changing the receptor enough to make it unrecognizable to the virus but still maintaining its regular function. (And that's assuming we get CRISPR working in humans)

@KunglawAdy 3 жыл бұрын

@@biointeractive man.... looking at this is like human body is just complex functional super computer with doing complex computation

@inuahead1218 5 ай бұрын

How do u know this really happens? How can u study life cycle of virus which are within a cell in a live human. ?

@matman7691 2 жыл бұрын

Can anyone explain like I'm five? How would reverse transcriptase be able to read the single strand of DNA? I have it in my head that reverse transcriptase only interacts with RNA. Am I simply incorrect in thinking this?

@biointeractive 2 жыл бұрын

Transcription is making RNA from a DNA sequence. That's why this is reverse transcriptase: it makes DNA from an RNA sequence.

@ZKhan782 Жыл бұрын

What? You are only five and studying this 😨

@gscreations8680 2 жыл бұрын

Man, God Is Incredible! How He Programmed All These Functions In Our Body. Stay Blessed Everyone.

@Matthew-yc6nx 11 ай бұрын

No this is just how we evolved.

@knightshade6232 4 жыл бұрын

do viruses move on their own do they have some mechanism to fly around or swim like bacteria??? if they do move this can require energy so they must eat but they do not eat?????????? can someone answer....

@happyrick-c1327 4 жыл бұрын

Yes

@bigpardner 2 жыл бұрын

Aren't viruses not alive, not a living thing, not an organism? If that is the case how could they move? How can something not alive have a reproductive cycle?

@alfmerck6262 2 ай бұрын

It's all chemical rection. Remember, there are millions/billions of HIV roaming around the body, and about 1-4% of them get the job done (against about 1500 immune cells per cubic mm). So its not about 'eating' its about chemical reactions.

@dr.archanamane 8 күн бұрын

@@alfmerck6262explained well.. Can you further elaborate what happens to remaining 99-94% viruses if only 1-6% get the job done..

@hiturbo1918 2 жыл бұрын

Why can't the body detect all of this happening inside?

@Matthew-yc6nx 11 ай бұрын

It can. Sometimes CD4 cells compromised by HIV can self-destruct, either by apoptosis or pyroptosis. This self-destruction mechanism is one of the major causes of CD4 cell depletion where HIV infection progresses into AIDS (CD4 count of less than 200 per uL of blood).