Рет қаралды 40,160
Passing through rituals involving holes in stones and trees are widespread in Europe and beyond and are related to rituals that involve looking through a hole to see spirits.
In this video we look at the passing through rituals associated with megalithic structures in Britain and Ireland, and the arboreal passing through rituals associated with oak and ash trees all over Europe, known as träddragning in Nordic countries. We also look at the related customs of looking through holes among the Sami and the Welsh, the Odinic ritual of looking through an arm akimbo as described in the Viking saga of King Hrólfr Kraki, the Swedish Årsgång divination rite, and at the hagstone or adderstone tradition from Britain and the associated magical practices. I even pass my own son through Cornwall's Men-an-Tol stone and my wife goes through Dartmoor's Tolmen stone.
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Music in order:
theme song: Wolcensmen - Sunne
T May - Atlantis falling
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Borg - the dancing forest
Borg - ode to the sun
Doug Maxwell - Hon kyoku
Andrew Weis - scottish medieval
Xurios - steppe expansion (end theme)
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Sources:
Camden, W., ‘Britain, or, a Chorographicall Description of the most flourishing Kingdomes, England, Scotland, and Ireland’ (London: George Bishop and John Norton, 1610) Copyright 2004 by Dana F. Sutton.
Campbell, J. G., ‘Witchcraft & second sight in the Highlands & islands of Scotland’ (1902).
amzn.to/3wPG9I7
Davies, J. C., ‘Folk-lore of West and mid-Wales’ (1911).
amzn.to/2SXnStF
Evans, George E., ‘The Pattern Under the Plough’ (1966).
amzn.to/35Nh6cW
Guðmundsson, H., ‘Handan hafsins’ Háskólaútgáfan (2012).
Hand, Wayland D. “‘Passing Through’: Folk Medical Magic and Symbolism.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 112, no. 6, 1968, pp. 379-402. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/985938.
Kuusela, T., 'He met his own funeral procession': The Year walk-ritual in Swedish folk tradition. Chapter in: "Folk Belief and Traditions of the Supernatural". Edited by Tommy Kuusela & Giuseppe Maiello. Beewolf Press 2016. Pp. 58-91.
amzn.to/3gYRtuG
Saxo Grammaticus. Gesta Danorum: the History of the Danes I, ed. Karsten Friis-Jensen, and trans. Peter Fisher (Oxford, 2014), book 2, ch. 7, pp. 138-39.
amzn.to/3gRVPDU
Marwick, E. (1975) The Stone of Odin. In Robertson, J. D. M. (1991) An Orkney Anthology: The Selected Works of Ernest Walker Marwick (Vol 1). Scottish Academic Press: Edinburgh.
McDowall, Sue ‘PASSING THROUGH & UNDER: A RITUAL HEALING IN ENGLAND’ Folklore Thursday blog.
National Folklore Collection, University College Dublin.
www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/5009137...
www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/5009301...
www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4922361...
www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/5009277...
Ryan, Derek ‘Hag Stones, are they an example of authentic Irish folklore or a neo-pagan import?’ The Tipperary antiquarian blog (2019)
Rydving, Hakan. (2010). The 'Bear Ceremonial' and Bear Rituals among the Khanty and the Sami. Temenos. 46. 31-52. 10.33356/temenos.6940.
Skott, F., ‘Passing Through as Healing and Crime’ (2014).
Thoms, William J. “Divination by the Blade-Bone.” The Folk-Lore Record, vol. 1, 1878, pp. 176-179. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1252358.
00:00 Intro
02:02 How to see Odin - looking through
04:01 Gaelic ways of looking though
05:38 Sami bear ritual
06:55 Swedish Årsgång and the Welsh equivalent
08:59 Hagstones / Adderstones
11:24 Passing through stones
18:21 smøghia at Sjögerås
20:25 Passing through trees
25:35 Passing through earth and brambles
27:40 Passing through in Asia
28:53 Holes for souls
31:14 Conclusion