I have ancestors from all over Europe and Irish kings, by name, back to the year 495 AD. History is very interesting to me, and thank you for your contribution of knowledge. Regards Rick

Very interesting video. Thanks!

The irony of being an Irish American is that if you show up to a event that was about Irish medieval history and your not born in Ireland your accused of being a "plastic paddy" even though you have the exact same heritage anything before 1906 is my heritage too I even speak more Irish than a lot of Irish people do an d I study Irish history but I'm a "plastic paddy" Dia ar sabhal ! Ní féidir leat cabhrú le amadán.

Interesting video and terminology. However, a Franco Norman of this period would not have identified as "English" or Anglishe. That was the descript the Northern France originating Normans gave the Germanic Angles, Saxons and Jutes. An "English" identity didn't really start to evolve until the 14th century when an Anglo-Franco identity began to develop from England's Franco Norman rulers and subjugated populations of Germanic and Norse dynasties. It's no coincidence that Gaelic Ireland identified the pre-Norman tribes of Anglesland (England) as Sasanach, Northern European Saxons. That said, Gaelic fortifications in the 12th century, and long before, were engineering marvels that adapted well to their surrounds and natural landscape. Defensive fortifications coupled with a tactical type of warfare that relied on guerrilla attacks to delay, frustrate and defeat an enemy by a thousand cuts. Gaelic Ireland's leaders were not unconnected from historic events unfolding in Europe. The same Gaelic chiefs traded with Europe. They travelled to holy sites, including Rome, and many were educated at "monasteries of faith and learning" across Europe. They knew that they could not defeat the heavy Norman horse and armoured infantry in open battle. And so they preferred to engage in woodlands, bog and hilly terrain using hit, run and re-engagement tactics against forces operating in tighter spaces and out of their confort zone. And Gaelic Ireland scored many successes against Norman invaders until the initial wave of Normans, realising the diverse governance structure of Gaelic Ireland made "full conquest" ambitions for the island largely futile, melted in to the Irish landscape, to become "more Irish than the Irish". Having a common religion certainly helped to gel the mergjng process between Norman and Gael.

Very interesting video.

I`d like to have a try with a war dart

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