Funnily at 10:10 there might be a mistake - because the number "1 0000 111 0000" after adding "00000 111" lengthens to "1 0000 111 00 111", so it "feels" like there is additional 0 between 2 triples of "1". And it doesn't feel like we needed to expand due to number being too big (256,512 - we are in between). But I didn't have the time to check it.

This channel is criminally underrrated. This is top tier content for free

"And on this channel, we hate black boxes." *subscribed*

It's funny that right now at my job, I am dealing with serializing ASCII characters and you are making this video. I'm really glad I'm here George. Nicely done.

While on the topic, I know it's a bit early for the channel to explain it now, but whenever you get to architectures, please don't forget endianness explanation, there are always explanations of how but not of why. Great video as always!!

This is not casting, this is converting. Casting is a grammatical operation (forcing the compiler to think that a data has a certain type, but not actually doing any conversation).

A video on how computers represent negative and floating numbers. That would be amazing!

I can sleep in peace now, I had exactly this question today and yes chair I was looking for double w.

This channel is pure gold.

I talked to my colleagues about this exact problem, specifically the one you mentioned in the end, great video!

Amazing. I’m literally addicted to learning like this through your videos. They’re awesome ! I can’t wait for the next one and yes I would love a video on conversion of the binary values back do string to understand how the print function works !

Another way to do: 1. Take the string as argument 2. Access every character 3. Use fixed values with switch cases for every character till '0' to '9' like switch(str[i]) case '1' : 001 4. Do bit shifting to create a BCD value containing all characters 5. Convert BCD to binary 6. return binary It may or may not be faster

Not the topic I expected after the last videos, but still a very welcome one.

This is so well explained, I don't think I'll ever be able to forget this.

Revolutionary idea of getting the actual number

This channel is perfect to watch alongside taking CS50 to start my programming journey. Pretty excited about understanding everything in this video and learning more. Thanks for the quality videos.

Thank you so much, this was a question I had from some time ago. I would love to see the continuation of this video :)

You my friend have done the impossible. You have actually made programming make sense.

Man I love this channel so much, this would've been so helpful back when I was learning to do this kinda stuff lol

Always high quality content 😊

When it gets to converting decimal fractions as strings to floats things get a lot more complicated. Looking forward to seeing a new video about this case in the future!

I love channels that demystify these things tks

Another video! I'm glad I checked your channel, since there was no notification. Typical of KZfaq sadly. Though it probably has to do with delay between the last part and this video. KZfaq deprioritizes notifications if you normally have 1 week cadence and then suddenly release video month later. Honestly being a KZfaqr is a ton of work.

Great content as always!

dude, youre going to the moon, and i'm liking your videos all the way there

great job thank you i would love an explanation about formatting numbers into strings as well!

Great video! I would really like to see a video explaining the problem with null values inside languages and how to avoid them, that would be very educative!

This is the way. Would love to see a performant way to do the same with floating points numbers. This kind of video is what I really like to watch.

this channel is really good!

Great video, as always. Got me curious to understand how the process works with negative numbers.

0:07 Yes... Just yes. Maybe this will be SUPER slow but yes) I have this in mind: 1. Represent each character in string with 4-bit binary number (Using Unicode) 2. Make BCD number from all characters 3. Convert BCD to binary. Now you have a number. For example: "532" 1. || "5" = 0101 || 3 = 0011 || 2 = 0010 || 2. 0101 0011 0010 (BCD to Binary algorithm) 3. "532" = 1000010100 __________ Now I'll watch video) ---------------------------------- Ps. Subtracting 48 is a very cleaver solution!! Now we can do same thing as i did. But initially i just wanted use table to store Unicode and number like this: | Unicode Number | Number in Binary | And use this table to convert each symbol to a number but yeah we can just subtract '0' encoding to get a number!

Nice, I will show my class this. Well explained.

Banger video once again!

Amazing! Thank you very much for doing this!

Thanks again for this amazing content

Subscribed, wanna see the second part

Nicely done, thank you ❤

My man your videos are awesome. Can you do an explanation on how the clock is used to move the process forward from the transistor level? For example, how do transistor gates use the clock to take the next instruction into the instruction register at the right time?

Arigatouu keep em coming 🔥🔥🔥

It reminds me about the college times! I really like this stuff, thank you!

Person reveal. Your a young lad. One of those prodigies I keep hearing about.

Beautiful!!!! Thanks

This is just soo beautiful. 😍

Underrated channel

From now i respect my computer, doing this all process within micro seconds... Thanks for the best video...

Yes we need that too and don't forget to upload the remaining part of cpu episode

I would like a future video about converting an int to a string, but I am more interested in the much more complicated process of converting a float to a string.

Thanks for your video

literally Str(number) - 0x30 for 0-9, Str(uppercase letter) - 0x41 for A-Z, Str(lowercase)-0x61 for a-z Converting between the two is as simple as char(lower) = char(upper) ^ 0x20

Simply awesome

Hi, thanks for this video. What tools do you use for your animations? They are amazing.

keeep this up! good vedio ❤ g

Amazing video

please do explain the process from getting from an integer to "string"/output. Keep up the great work!

The way I agree This channel is very underrated

Thanks a lot❤❤

ASCII allows for the use of a bitmask to get the number itself. The probably preferred way to convert these BCD numbers to an integer is reverse double dabble. There's a wiki article about it. This algorithm gets rid of expensive and area intensive (depending on your architecture, first for CPU, second for FPGA/custom silicon) multiplications and relies on fast/small shifts and add/sub operations.

Can you make a video about how to virtual memory works in OS? Thanks a lot. All of your videos are so useful.

Well, actually, there is a limit for integer numbers (as well as float), at least in C. And there is also negative numbers. So the more proper function is a little bit more complex. I wrote mine like this: int64_t StrToNum(char *Str) { int64_t Result = 0; uint32_t Index = 0; bool IsNegative = false; if (Str[0] == '-') { IsNegative = true; Index = 1; } while ((Str[Index] != '\0') && (Str[Index] >= '0') && (Str[Index]

Thank God I never thought about this before I saw the title of this video

I love your channel

Great, that's a perfect illustration of what happens internally with the atoi() function. Ah, I noticed there is minor difference between converting a numeric string to a binary integer vs converting a numeric string to a BCD number. And that is multiplying by 10 vs shifting by 4 bits (since BCD numbers represents each numeric digit every 4 bits). I find it rather interesting, with the IBM mainframe, existing a single machine instruction (CVD) which can convert a numeric string (up to 31 digits) to BCD number. Likewise, there's another instruction (CVB) which can convert these BCD number into integers.

please continue>

your AI voice is fine. dont change it... GOLD content as always!

Dude u R goated

I would like you to explain and give an example of the end process that you asked about.

Please make a video about the reverse function, Binary to Numerical String.

I would love to see an explanation for thr reverse!

11:55 spoiler, it's the double dabble. Look for Sebastian lagues visualizing data with displays video

Please please do a video explaining operating system

Please make a video about big and little endianness, I always forget the order and don't understand the order of bits itself in comparison to the byte order.

You are the best

I had to learn this when making my own programming language and i wish i had found this video sooner .-.

Great!

Nice 👍

I work on a php application where someone in the past reimplemented the string to number conversion... And if you have questions... Yes, it involved a loop with a bunch of ifs to check each digit Yes, they messed it up Yes, changing the usages of the function to "(int)$value" fixed a lot of bugs Yes, the person who did it (acording to git blame) still works there but was promoted to manager No, we dont do code reviews or anything like that

"Shipping to Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and International addresses is currently not available." -> pity I was actually looking for a new chair Anyway, good video, it's nice to see easier topics now and then.

Can we able yo make software buffer in c programming?? Because Binary values are stored in buffer of hardware internal register right?

Before watching the response, this was the algorithm I came up with: ``` base = 10 str = "1030" println(string_to_int(str, base)) fn string_to_int(str: string, base: int) { let number = 0 each (index, char) of str { let digit = lookup_from(char) let exp = base ** len(str) - index - 1 number += digit * exp } return number } ```

Great video, and it is a very introductory version of the algorithm. However, this is not an efficient algorithm. The reason is due to the fact that the alu can't parallelize the multiplications and the additions. You should see Andrei Alexandrescu's lecture on this! But this can be a cool continuation of this video.

The conditionals you add at 11:06 are incorrect, the C code should have || instead of &&, and the Python code should have a ‘or’ and check both ends the same way the C code does; the way you wrote the C condition can never possibly trigger to raise the error you intend, because a character can't possibly be below 0 and above 9 at the same time, and the Python condition will behave completely differently than the way you intend, because first the “‘0’ < char” will evaluate to a boolean, and thus will never trigger the “char > ‘9’” because, just like in C, booleans are either 0 or 1. And even if the Python code behaved the way you intended, it's still missing a ‘not’, so it would trigger when the char IS numeric, not when it's NOT. I believe it's also a better idea to return null in C in this case, because -1 is a valid integer and is thus much more difficult to detect as an error value. Overall, still a great video! You explain the computer science concept very well, which is ultimately the value this video provides, and I'm perfectly happy to overlook erroneous code examples because this is not a programming tutorial. I've learned an incredible amount about computer science from your videos already, and this video has been no exception.

the sequential method in the video also solve the issue ,when the input string is like '0987''

Love that sneaky "subscribe"❤.

How to convert a number to a string: The key instrument is integer division. Let's consider the number 4327. Dividing by 10 we obtain 432 and remainder 7. Now, we already know how to convert a single digit to its corresponding ASCII code: just add 48 or ord('0'). So in this one step we obtained the so called least significant digit (7) and are left with 432. Now, we just have to repeat the same procedure until we are left with no more digits (when the last division yields 0 as the quotient). PS: Integer division is just a single processor instruction and actually gives both the quotient and the remainder in one go so it's pretty fast.

can you do kernel vs os

You are going to tell us about loop ,if what about that

¿Con que libros o páginas aprendes estas cosas?

done the string to float double and it myself but a different approach stuff skiped in this video - Sign of a value for applaing a Sign multyplay output value by -1 if the '-' is found at the start of a string - decimal parsing the same way as string to int but - do it 2 times and when . was found instead of multiplying value just divide decimal it by 10 for each Ituretion and cheak if value is not to large

Kindly provide clue at the end of the video when will be the next video released?

I'm guessing that in order to convert an integer to a string you have to make reverse process. Instead of multiplying you have to divide the number, take the reminder and add '0'

Can you convert number to string? Or big number? Or float?

How does it deal with points in floats

11:50 ...yes please! :)

Great explanation as always. I have a little question about 11:07. Are the conditions supposed to be like that? In the C example `str[i] < '0' && str[i] > '9'` will always return false, since it's checking if str[i] < 48 and str[i] > 57, which is never true. Maybe `str[i] >= '0' && str[i] '9'` will return true on chars that are NOT numeric chars, since it's checking if char > 48 and char > 57, equivalent to `char > 57`, equivalent to `char > '9'`. I suggest `'0'

at 11:08 shouldn't we use || instead of && ?

Doesn't subtracting 48 just convert it to BCD where you can use reverse double dabble or am i tripping?

11:10 the C if statement should be an OR instead of AND. The Python check is also wrong as chaining comparisons cannot be used to check if a number is OUTSIDE a range, only inside It should be if not '0'

Yes please, make those 2 videos that you talked about in the video! Great job!! And may i give you a suggestion? Why don't you also make videos on DSA? Your animations are great! That way everyone will be able to understand completely and one more thing, can you please make the next video on recursion?

What if the number is above MAX_INT? Hkw is that case handled.

What about and'ing?