How CRISPR lets you edit DNA

How CRISPR lets you edit DNA - Andrea M. Henle

Рет қаралды 1,378,731

Күн бұрын

Explore the science of the groundbreaking technology for editing genes, called CRISPR- Cas9, and how the tool could be used to cure diseases.
--
From the smallest single-celled organism to the largest creatures on Earth, every living thing is defined by its genes. With recent advancements, scientists can change an organism’s fundamental features in record time using gene editing tools such as CRISPR. But where did this medical marvel come from and how does it work? Andrea M. Henle examines the science behind this new technology.
Lesson by Andrea M. Henle, directed by Adam Wells.
Sign up for our newsletter: bit.ly/TEDEdNewsletter
Support us on Patreon: bit.ly/TEDEdPatreon
Follow us on Facebook: bit.ly/TEDEdFacebook
Find us on Twitter: bit.ly/TEDEdTwitter
Peep us on Instagram: bit.ly/TEDEdInstagram
View full lesson: ed.ted.com/lessons/how-crispr...
Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Felipe Hoff, Kyanta Yap, Lewis Westbury, Ojas Kapoor, Mirzat Turap, Jaime Arriola, Emilia Alvarado, Javid Gozalov, Paul Beard, Deepak Iyer, Markus Goldhacker, Mihai Sandu, Keven Webb, Maurice Castonguay, Kristiyan Bonev, Maryam Dadkhah, Joshua Wasniewski, Michał Friedrich, Arlene Spiegelman, Doug Henry, denison martins fernandes, Hashem Al, Daniel Nester, Richard A Berkley, Benjamin Chan, Dee Wei, Abdallah Absi, Denise A Pitts, Pi Guanghui, Doris, Kurt Almendras, Raymond Lee, Nicolas Silva, Tsz Hin Edmund Chan, Melvin Williams, Tirath Singh Pandher, Athena Grace Franco, Terry Minion, Mauricio Basso, Kelvin Lam, jj5252, Karlee Finch, Chumi Ogbonna, Barthélémy Michalon, Lefty McGoo, Lucas Pincerato, Mohamed Elsayed, Amin Shahril, Mihail Radu Pantilimon and Chris Thompson.

Пікірлер: 1 200

@Redawesomeoby 4 жыл бұрын

Cas9: Tries to defend its bacteria Humans: Reverse engineer Cas9 to defeat viruses and bacteria Cas9: Well, I guess I am working with them now.

@gasparg643 2 жыл бұрын

time to make inmune papayas and spider goats

@lancetheking7524 2 жыл бұрын

@@gasparg643 already existing flying spiders in Brazil: *laughs*

@Ienteredmynamecorrectly 2 жыл бұрын

If you can't beat um’, join um’.

@giantqueermess264 2 жыл бұрын

thats fair lol

@257js6 5 жыл бұрын

Wow just 70 year ago we discovered DNA and now we can change the genome of an organism!

@stormblaster6781 5 жыл бұрын

25 / 7 but we still can’t cure cancer

@AxyDC 5 жыл бұрын

It was actualy Made in 2015 so yea

@jvan9581 5 жыл бұрын

It's 2019 y'all! You'll see people flying with wings soon!

@akes9793 5 жыл бұрын

Cin scientifically speaking, human with wings is very impractical. The wings have to be so huge to lift our body and it will be exhausting to fly. And plus the fur can bring so many diseases and will be so hard to maintain. Iron suits for me please.

@marios1861 5 жыл бұрын

@@akes9793 as an electrical engineering student, I'll work hard for your request sir!

@mambodog5322 5 жыл бұрын

We're literally just hacking into ourselves at this point. I'm in.

@FedJimSmith 5 жыл бұрын

Very soon we will hack the very nature of reality

@mambodog5322 5 жыл бұрын

@@FedJimSmith Yes, I would like to discover the cheat codes for everything

@thechimp8045 4 жыл бұрын

Mambodog 532 what’s the money cheat code?

@mambodog5322 4 жыл бұрын

@@thechimp8045 That's why I would like to discover them.

@varshapremarajan9837 3 жыл бұрын

U guys should watch Ted ed's BIOHACKING vedio

@morbibros 5 жыл бұрын

"Every living thing is defined by its jeans."-TED Ed 2019

@Melecie 5 жыл бұрын

genes*

@manasgujral2929 5 жыл бұрын

@@Melecie r/woOosh

@Melecie 5 жыл бұрын

Manas Gujral what if i told you you just got woooshed, not me, that post was supposed to be a wooosh

@manasgujral2929 5 жыл бұрын

@@Melecie You just got double woooshed xd. And I got that you don't know the correct and crispy meaning of woooosh. ;)

@manasgujral2929 5 жыл бұрын

@@Melecie you're hit on reddit 🔥😂

@minnolinath7188 4 жыл бұрын

I had to watch this twice because I was completely transfixed on how absolutely amazing the animation is and didn't hear a single word of the actual lesson. I demand a lesson on animation now, Ted.

@_blank_3737 Жыл бұрын

Crisper is literally revolutionary 🤨

@JustinY. 5 жыл бұрын

It just works

@safir2241 5 жыл бұрын

Justin Y. Ah, always Justin time.

@EvanRustMakes 5 жыл бұрын

That's how CRISPR works! lvl 1 RNA lvl 100 DNA

@bananabeansyoho7781 5 жыл бұрын

Hello Justin

@IgneousGorilla 5 жыл бұрын

Did you know Araki drew the cover art for Cell magazine once? Not kidding, look it up

@novelnouvel 5 жыл бұрын

Did you even sleep?

@pujanbudhathoki9913 5 жыл бұрын

So, In some decades, we can probably customize ourselves like the sims?

@jeromealday614 5 жыл бұрын

Hopefully. Gotta rid of my f-ing gigantic nose. Or elongate my tiny banana.

@stalionv4587 5 жыл бұрын

@@jeromealday614 *Nice, just... nice.*

@aarohanbordoloi5025 4 жыл бұрын

That will be the end of superficiality

@pujanbudhathoki9913 4 жыл бұрын

@marios gianopoulos yesssss, that's what I want the world to be like.

@mugodasimon 4 жыл бұрын

So I wonder if it can change any ones race?

@safir2241 5 жыл бұрын

Can it fix my parent’s marriage

@safir2241 5 жыл бұрын

Pardon

@efraim6960 5 жыл бұрын

I'm sorry son

@hariharanb3253 5 жыл бұрын

You mean you? It probably could

@phillip7731 5 жыл бұрын

I would type F now, but this is actually making me sad

@jocandyish4249 5 жыл бұрын

Oof

@huburgalula4031 5 жыл бұрын

"what makes you, you?" "my genes" "so if i change your genes, are you still you?"

@averageillegalmemesdealer 5 жыл бұрын

Damn, deep. But I feel that apart from our genes, our experiences and memories make us too. So changing our genes but retaining past memories would still make us, us, right?

@hijeffhere 4 жыл бұрын

Or is it?

@Mike-lx9qn 3 жыл бұрын

@@averageillegalmemesdealer I thought the exact same thing. So, yes, that's right.

@akuapipim8219 3 жыл бұрын

There's a video on epigenetics if you want to know more on this question and then better answer it for yourself.

@yecto1332 2 жыл бұрын

Hey vsauce

@pr.yanshi 5 жыл бұрын

I admire Ted ed lessons a lot

@tedchirvasiu 5 жыл бұрын

Thx

@Aarnyx 2 жыл бұрын

@@tedchirvasiu are you ted edx?

@lovelylittlegirl3332 5 ай бұрын

I have Sickle-Cell Anemia and just heard about the UK approving of a new genetic therapy that engineers the bone-marrow to stop it from producing Sickled Cells. I didn’t understand how that was possible but what do you know, my favorite educational channel already made a video about it 4 years ago! Love this video and thank you for enlightening me❤

@ggukiemonster 2 ай бұрын

You can get through this ❤❤

@jankiprasadsoni6793 27 күн бұрын

I too was wondering about genetic modifications a few days ago and here I'm thanks to yt feed

@player-nr.50000 5 жыл бұрын

00:07 Why did the single cell look like a Dictator ?

@stickman8459 5 жыл бұрын

LuMbAgO

@BlackIGO 5 жыл бұрын

Ogulcan U lmaoo

@christian_swjy 5 жыл бұрын

pareidolia is at play in your head bruh

@GXHSJ 5 жыл бұрын

Cells are Aryans

@girltalk08 5 жыл бұрын

Someone said it

@sagarmrao6861 5 жыл бұрын

This video makes it so simple. But really it's very complex

@boss_niko Жыл бұрын

yeas it is

@YarnYawn 5 жыл бұрын

The animation is amazing....

@ckute92 7 күн бұрын

I love that as a now former Sickle Cell patient, I have benefitted from this research. Just 5 years later

@funsometimes 5 жыл бұрын

Mark my words: The first superhero/supervillian will be made via CRISPR.

@Moss_knight00 5 жыл бұрын

It's actually kinda possible in the not so far future... it's fun to teorize eheh

@udaykadam5455 5 жыл бұрын

I am expecting super soldiers like Captain America... Whatever we will have mutants.

@tobijames4698 3 жыл бұрын

I want to be the first test subject for superpowers. I don't care if I'm a hero or a villain.

@Dasani_water_drinker 3 жыл бұрын

Gates already exists

@btsmochimi7924 3 жыл бұрын

then stan lee would be ahead of his time

@nashiPAGE 5 жыл бұрын

I'm excited for the future of genetic medicine.

@poweroffriendship2.0 5 жыл бұрын

*Rice Krispies wants to know your location*

@AKilahVamp 5 жыл бұрын

LMAOOOOO

@ameymorshed4744 5 жыл бұрын

LOLOLOLOL

@srijanshekhar 3 жыл бұрын

Finally, a video with easiest yet most comprehensive approach towards explanation the CRISPR- Cas9 technology. Thank you !

@josephzavala3205 2 жыл бұрын

Hello, thank you for this video. I have been looking at other videos to grasp the concept of CRISPR but felt difficult. I believe your narrative approach paired with the visual representation helped.

@benjaminrennicke 3 жыл бұрын

Who controls this, has more power than anybody in history ever had..

@midolamani4536 5 жыл бұрын

2:20 CAS9: OMAE WA MOU SHINDIERU bacteria: NANI!!!!?!

@ameymorshed4744 5 жыл бұрын

You know that omae wa mou shindieru means I’m already dead

@rozkaz661 5 жыл бұрын

Some of the most beautifull animation on this channel yet! Great job

@colinkean1085 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much. I am not good at molecular biology and you helped me put so many of these pieces together to help me understand the process

@rickandelon9374 5 жыл бұрын

Thank you Ted-Ed for such a vivid and beautiful animation.I understood everything!

@sea5205 5 жыл бұрын

The animation is so soothing...

@joselynjoseph9954 5 жыл бұрын

The video is brilliant! Beautifully shot and edited, captivating the viewers attention throughout the video. Kudos to the TED-ED team😁

@livangooday 5 ай бұрын

Intellia therapeutics could also be successful

@BlackWoldxD 5 жыл бұрын

This is really interesting and may help many people with genetic disorders. Thanks for sharing, TED-Ed.

@marcelloascani 5 жыл бұрын

amazingly explained and animated!

@StrawberryFeildsforNever 5 жыл бұрын

I just hope this doesn’t get too out of hand. Like everyone is tall, blonde hair, blue eyed. Differences make humans humans. “When everyone is super, no one is” -syndrome But I do like that this can help in the medical field. And yes, I did credit the villain from incredibles. what about it?

@zpardus 5 жыл бұрын

I don't care if someone's super, or special. Those are human made-up terms. But you are right that if everyone was the same it'd be bad. You're just right for the wrong reason. :) Scientifically, this is bad because diversity is the key to survival. There is no perfect genome because genomes are context-sensitive. This is why eugenics leads to extinction. However, what if the technology was used to add more diversity, instead of removing existing diversity? As the number of genomes in a population approaches infinite, the number of possible extinction events that population can survive approaches infinite. It might seem scary, but that could lead to an extinction-proof human species-complex, or as close to extinction-proof as is logistically possible. Added bonus, we could actually colonize other worlds instead of just talking about it. Just send variants already suited to that world. Cost would be about 1/1,000,000,000,000'th the cost of terraforming.

@RK-ep8qy 5 жыл бұрын

zpardus whatever we do should be done with caution and moderation, manipulating the natural order of things has caused climate change and the extinction of many animals on our behalf. I just hope we don’t become reckless. With CRISPR and iPS we could change everything for the better or lose ourselves in the process.

@morbibros 5 жыл бұрын

That depends who's asking? (Your name)

@marcmartinez4140 4 жыл бұрын

We could cure cancer

@marcmartinez4140 3 жыл бұрын

@Augusto Jose Go back to mexico

@jessicatorresacosta301 5 жыл бұрын

i was waiting for a ted-ed video on this matter, well explained!!!

@igorhcc 5 жыл бұрын

The best content on KZfaq! Thanks TedED!

@ekinoner2830 5 жыл бұрын

Honestly could've mentioned the first CRISPR-edited human babies born in PRC, Lulu and Nana.

@MegaYujing 5 жыл бұрын

one of my favourite topics in uni, made me so inspired :)

@mid7699 4 жыл бұрын

Yes, me too. I m thinking of pursuing research.

@srishtichauhan111 2 жыл бұрын

Wonderful illustrations and to the point explanation. Thank you.

@ssiddarth 5 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much Ted ed for making a video on this topic 👍😀

@fatimaaidibi1 4 жыл бұрын

This helped me so much with my year 12 biology assignment on genetic technologies.

@mid7699 4 жыл бұрын

It is future. I too have it in syllabi.

@roselineponmalar9213 5 жыл бұрын

Nice work Ted ed.

@menna6144 5 жыл бұрын

The animation is brilliant as always.

@Professor_Brie Жыл бұрын

I’m glad I watched this video, I’m doing a last minute paper on this subject and I’d have a very hard time understanding the much more complex science articles if I didn’t have this good overview

@maryharvey6789 5 жыл бұрын

Yet another awesome and educational video! Keep up the great work!

@westfield90 4 жыл бұрын

First video where I finally understood this. Thank you. But it does go against what the mainstream media has been touting which is that this is cheap, fast and super accurate. I believe you rather than them

@mishyull 5 жыл бұрын

i love this style of animation so much

@abirwahid5236 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you for making it so simple.

@banwaproductions4600 5 жыл бұрын

The question is... *Can it **_fix_** my **_broken heart?_*

@royjoseph414 3 жыл бұрын

It depends on wether your heart is literally hacked into pieces or is just hurting from a breakup or something lol

@datboy038 2 жыл бұрын

Yes just release some dopamine.

@hadilballa6545 5 жыл бұрын

And finally, I have understood what CRISPR is really about !!!

@audrinasalsabila9785 3 жыл бұрын

Perfect background music and soothing animation.. thank you for that

@CORExSAM 2 жыл бұрын

background music name?

@brainstormingsharing1309 3 жыл бұрын

Absolutely well done and definitely keep it up!!! 👍👍👍👍👍

@samikshamendhe9292 5 жыл бұрын

More videos like this please... great explanation... thanks ted :)

@ASLUHLUHCE 5 жыл бұрын

Oh and by the way, a Chinese scientist has already genetically modified a human fetus

@fitrianhidayat 5 жыл бұрын

That's because they're less concerned about ethics

@stalionv4587 5 жыл бұрын

Tsonima

@a-note76 5 жыл бұрын

That’s how the western world is getting behind china

@dpapaioannow 3 жыл бұрын

@@fitrianhidayat he's in jail for 3 years and etchics is a social construct,it's what you make it to be

@melodykuromibebbies2138 3 жыл бұрын

lol source??

@dhruvpadsala863 5 жыл бұрын

Superb Imagination used to make video ...😍👍thank you so much TED X

@ASHISHVERMA-xh4dd 2 жыл бұрын

beautiful explaination and illustration

@bottasheimfe5750 5 жыл бұрын

So many great possibilities with this stuff! I am super excited for the next few decades of genetic modification research!

@matthewnorman2951 2 жыл бұрын

Crispr is to human progress what the Manhattan Project was to clean energy. Genetically changing a person so they're healthier sounds like an amazing goal but I fear that is not what this technology will ultimately be used for.

@endofsight9841 Жыл бұрын

This all will lead to a Brave New World future. Transhumanism, genetic engineering, etc etc. Things can and will go wrong eventually.

@user-vp6cq4sv3d 6 ай бұрын

You're right. If I had the time and money I'd let certain qualified individuals take as much time as they need turning me into a human capacitor.

@goodluck1070 2 жыл бұрын

breathtaking. thanks Ted!

@milanbobhate4414 5 жыл бұрын

It wonderful to see that Ted Ed makes these videos on current scientific affairs

@safir2241 5 жыл бұрын

Your animations are amazing! I hope you get a sponsor from someone big!

@AnanyaShetty_ 5 жыл бұрын

They don't do the animation. Someone does it for them and it varies in every video. They need funds to pay the animators and make the videos.

@safir2241 5 жыл бұрын

I know, but these videos belong to them.

@dracotitanfall 5 жыл бұрын

TED-Ed is someone big by itself, there not some channel run by one guy, it's an official company channel

@Kookie-zv4bu 5 жыл бұрын

Ted ed IS someone big

@happyrainbow125 5 жыл бұрын

One step closer to being immortal.

@suhinakanda7956 3 жыл бұрын

@canadian97 2 жыл бұрын

@Rustydingomingo unless we discover the multiverse so we can jump from universe to universe forever…although, forever sounds like such long time is kind of scary.

@robertofloresarzu5821 4 жыл бұрын

the best explaned video about CRISPR!

@waffleisnice Жыл бұрын

hats off the the animator , veryyyy smooth and clean looking animation

@dayanandathongam343 5 жыл бұрын

The reason why i love biology is because i love my life and i want to understand it well....

@WideCuriosity 2 жыл бұрын

Although the video is interesting I feel that the details on how the 'repair' is controlled would have improved it. I feel it's still unclear, but simply stated that it's done.

@clearvision4253 3 жыл бұрын

Excellent. Thank you! Education with curiosity and pleasure.

@fakenoodles455 5 жыл бұрын

Thx ted Ed I was hopping for this vid

@joannesalcido3144 Жыл бұрын

Terrific graphics! Great job communicating the essence of CRISPR to a general audience. Must have been a lot of fun work to produce. Just one point that may be misleading -- unless I am misunderstanding. Shouldn't the RNA and guide RNA be depicted as single-stranded molecules?

@hafsa7951 5 жыл бұрын

Cris. P bacon

@RobertoDeMundo 5 жыл бұрын

Chris. P. Bacon.

@robobrain10000 5 жыл бұрын

This is a good introduction, but you can really make 2-3 more videos on the topic and discuss about the biochemical aspects of CRISPR, and how homology directed repair works, and another one using a specific example from an experiment.

@asapelliott 2 жыл бұрын

fantastic communication of this concept!!!

@papafranku8799 5 жыл бұрын

I wish to be a doctor and help the word to find new cures with It.

@sidbableesh 5 жыл бұрын

Finding new cures? Maybe you should get into research instead

@gekmeisje42 5 жыл бұрын

Yeah you should study biomedical sciences! I studie them in the netherlands and it is the most amazing study ever!

@sidbableesh 5 жыл бұрын

A lot of people become doctors to save lives.. I feel people don't realize how many lives scientists actually save

@n.upadhyay7478 5 жыл бұрын

Get into research instead buddy. I completed my medical degree then took molecular biophysics to do research because doctors just dictate what already has been invented or discovered. I am not saying being a doctor is not exciting and fascinating but being a researcher is way more interesting and gives you that freedom to cure all diseases, and reverse aging and what all.

@MysticOceanDollies 5 жыл бұрын

Papa Franku the medical industry is corrupt. They already have cures but pharmacist earn lots of money prescribing drugs and kemo is expensive. Sadly some people care more about money than about saving lives.

@itay1722 4 жыл бұрын

*At an interview Interviewer: "So what programming languages you know?" Me: "Assembly, C++, CRISPR, Python..." Interviewer: "May you repeat yourself?" Me: "I said Python"

@johnperegrin1518 3 жыл бұрын

now having a literal bugs on your code is possible

@salmaelmahallawy4339 2 жыл бұрын

Her voice is soooo relaxing♥️♥️

@halbdaf4615 2 жыл бұрын

very nice explanation! thank you so much

@RenaudAlly 5 жыл бұрын

I'm very early here!!

@novafawks 5 жыл бұрын

This sounds like some serious fuel for conspiracy theorists

@miolen9212 5 жыл бұрын

Anything is fuel if you look for conspiracy.

@pranavlimaye 5 жыл бұрын

Jesus Christ, that's the most accurate thing I've heard all week

@farahanshaik8860 3 жыл бұрын

This is not a conspiracy. It’s a very real possibility

@celesteforslund4186 3 жыл бұрын

@Jort Kuiper They are doing it through THE vaccine.

@michellejones8561 3 жыл бұрын

@@celesteforslund4186 yes exactly what they are doing! Don’t take it!

@vivienyeung8043 2 жыл бұрын

The animation is stunning

@holymolymacaroni7503 5 жыл бұрын

THE ANIMATION IS AMAZING

@lmwilliamsjr1 5 жыл бұрын

I have pretty much enjoyed all of the TED videos but I find this especially straight forward. I only wish that they spoke more about the ethical dilemma instead of just sort of casually mentioning it near the end. Of course it may be discussed further in a talk that I haven't yet experienced.

@BlenderBug 5 жыл бұрын

I just want to save my genetic code from my 20s, and use it to replace the new bad copies from time to time. Ya know... so I can live forever. How much is that going to cost.

@datboy038 2 жыл бұрын

A lot and i mean A LOT but in the future it should go down

@blob5634 5 жыл бұрын

Finally a vid on Crispr

@monserrathresendiz1797 9 ай бұрын

this is so cool, you cant deny it

@sankarnaskar7564 11 ай бұрын

Can a muggle become a wizard by using CRISPR

@jankiprasadsoni6793 27 күн бұрын

Yes

@petersalucci5444 5 жыл бұрын

So does this mean I can finally be half fish now?

@lucreciamarquez-rosado8938 5 жыл бұрын

You make amazing animations every video

@elladay9081 2 жыл бұрын

i couldnt focus on the video - the animation is just mesmerising!

@crazynature771 5 жыл бұрын

So many great possibilities with this. So many horrible ones as well. Amazing and terrifying.

@mid7699 4 жыл бұрын

Stay +

@XOPOIIIO 5 жыл бұрын

Anti-GMO apologetics are hindering technological progress.

@raysofaten5826 5 жыл бұрын

They will never stop it from being used.

@celesteforslund4186 3 жыл бұрын

Nope, I'm witnessing 2-legged GMO walking all around me due to the vaccine

@jesica8236 5 жыл бұрын

Thx for the explanation

@andresahakian4423 Жыл бұрын

Amazing video, gonna pass my genetics quiz now

@KINGBADASS100 5 жыл бұрын

So what you’re saying is in the future we can have real life Catgirls? I’m in.

@mambodog5322 5 жыл бұрын

But there is one dark side to the ability to make catgirls... The ability to make furries

@KINGBADASS100 5 жыл бұрын

Mambodog 532 It’s worth the risk

@blookirby2076 5 жыл бұрын

Before we do that, we should first strike every furry down to the grave.

@stalionv4587 5 жыл бұрын

Can we make Jesus?

@notthatthenamematters6163 3 жыл бұрын

@@blookirby2076 i've got my shotgun

@conure512 5 жыл бұрын

CRISPR seems to be getting a bad rap lately. Glad to see TedEd portraying it for what it actually is, no more, no less.

@ayaibrahim6227 Жыл бұрын

tysm!! im doing A level biology and my exam's in a few days, this really helps me visualise things

@ethanmenot 5 жыл бұрын

Just did a presentation on CRISPR for Hunter College, well done video!

@EthanHackney 5 жыл бұрын

literally just had a 3 hour genetic conference over crispr i-

@warrenforest7417 2 жыл бұрын

Concern: Can a DNA be patented? If so then this would indicate that someone can legally own this DNA? What are the implications of this?

@freshbakedclips4659 2 жыл бұрын

To be honest we don't really own our DNA, it's 50/50 from our parents, and it came from their parent's parents and so on.

@shanayagoel 2 жыл бұрын

I don't know a lot of legalities and protocols around gene editing, so this is just my opinion, but I would assume that the process to create it might get patented, and the specific drug they administer to create it might be, but I wouldn't thin the DNA segment in itself would be patented. However, if a company were to create a specific gene that was completely new and non-existent in anyone, patent it, and someone suddenly by some crazy chance has their genes mutate to produce that, I doubt there would be legal complications around their ownership since they aren't trying to commercialize it.

@BrisbaneBroncosfan67 6 ай бұрын

I think it should be made that anything that can help people must be illegal to patent.