Love the slogan of Mongolian economic policy "Get Rich!" It's straight to the point.

tbh, Mongolia is ironically one of the least hated/ talked about East Asian countries today, despite its history of grandeur

As a tourist, I went alone to Mongolia in 1983. Obtaining the visa in Beijing was easy, and the staff at the embassy was friendly and helpful, someting very rare in any similar country. Imagine communist officials smiling and welcoming you. They had their own policies as a seperate country, and wanted to welcome western visitors. Later, I also went to the Soviet Union and the PR Poland. Compared to them, Mongolia had less police, regulations and food shortages.

And now Mongolia is rated as more democratic than their northern and southern neighbors…

I was literally decimated by David's statement that language evolves and meanings change, but I'm feeling 10% better now.

I am quite surprised you completely omitted the Battles of Khalkhin Gol from the video as that was quite a significant confrontation that involved Soviet-Mongolian cooperation to defeat the Japanese in 1939

Mongolian people’s revolution was very complex but I think baron ungern should have at least been mentioned

Thank you Cold War, I’ve been asking this for the longest time. A legendary country that’s rarely thought of in modern history.

Mongolia is such an interesting country. Looking forward to the next episode!

My living history group, Soviet Affairs, portrays the Mongolian Peoples Army, 1936-45. It was really great to research.

Man I put off your videos for about 3-4 months now. Beforehand I use to wake up and watch your videos while making breakfast for a long time. Great to see you again!

I am a little surprised that Tyva's case is not mentioned. It was also a more or less nominally independent state, but in 1944 it was incorporated into the USSR. Apparently, it was not supposed to generate so much friction with China (and Japan). I hope you can explain it in a future episode on Tyva.

Glad to see an episode on the MPR!

Amazing quality videos. Keep up the good work!

Thank you for this oversight, much of it I did not know before.

Oh my gosh YES! Finally someone else talking about Mongolia's Cold War history! It's so damn fascinating, can't wait for more!!

Great video!

You guys are awesome. Amazing history teachers. Thank you.

Thanks, David. I knew almost none of this. Schooled!

These are great, cycling though all your stuff well done appreciate the hard work

Very excited for future episodes, including on the 1990 Mongolian revolution when the people rose up. Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj along with the other student leaders is a legend of a guy.

"WREAKED" havoc, not "wrecked".

Very interesting, thank you.

Surprised this video doesn’t mention the decisive battle of Khalkhin Gol in 1939. Fascinating history though.

Good video.

Plz make a podcast! I need to listen while driving or at work haha.

Great video! I do have abit of a odd question, what is the outro music you use

How on earth do you collectivize nomadic herding??? Wheat production is pretty challenging in the Mongolian Steppe.

Finally, someone talking about Mongolian history! I couldn't find a word about it in either Russian or English.

This video arrived at a perfect time as I'm planning a trip to Mongolia this summer. I think the USSR had an obsession with having some buffer states especially since the USSR and before that the Russian Empire were invaded multiple times in history and without having any natural barriers that protect the vast area of Russia which makes them vulnerable to any invasion. They were happy to keep Mongolia as a buffer and maybe a satellite state as a barrier between them and China. Also, this explains why today's Russia is fighting hard to push NATO away from its borders simply because it happened many times in history that they were invaded, this explains their paranoia about having a hostile power on their doorstep. Anyhow, I can't wait to see Ulaanbaatar for the first time! Thanks for the video!

You have a photo of Zhukov, but you don't mention the critical Battles of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 between Soviet and Mongol forces and intruding Japanese forces. It was the largest tank battle up to that time (preparing Zuukov for what was to come), and Japan's loss turned its ambitions away from Siberia and Mongolia as sources of oil and minerals and towards Southeast Asia.

Very interesting.

As I sit here and think about it, I realize that I know almost nothing about the modern history of Mongolia. Thank you for plugging yet another gap in my knowledge! I look forward to part two! God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)

"Press the bell button anyway". Savage.

It was an informative and wonderful historical coverage video

"Decimate" on its own doesn't really bother me but it's something else to say "1/8 of something was decimated" and not mean 1/80 :P Either way a great, ifnormative video on a rather obscure topic. Thanks!

You're right; that was interesting.

We paid a horrible price to keep the independence. My grand grandpa lost his life during the purge for being "intelligencia"

Loved the video. Very well-researched I don't even know how you got all this information.

Why did not at least mention the battle of Khalkhin Gol in 1939?

Haha I knew someone would get a little semantic about the 1/3rd decimate usage as soon as you said it. It gave me a sensible chuckle to mention it like that at the end. Y'all know your audience too well.

I’ve taught quite a few Mongolian citizens. In demeanour, comportment, & sympathies they have proved to be invariably, & very comfortably, aligned with ‘all - things ‘ Russian ( previously Soviet, of course ). Alike to Zhovkov’s Bulgaria, they also shared the distinction of requesting formal admission to the USSR ( no less than twice, I believe ). Alike, too, to the immediate south - easterly neighbours of the PRC, ( Vietnam ) the animosity they very frequently harbour for the PRC is visceral.

Great episode. Is that a book on the desk, and if so, what's the whole title and the author?

please make a video about Tanu Tuva,

Mongolian peoples republic: PLEASE LET US IN TO THE USSR PLEASE!!! USSR: We gain nothing and mao would be even more mad, why tf would we do that?

Mongolia is fascinating. It's the country I most want to visit

Interesting.

I heard about the current Mongolian government’s hatred towards the Kim regime in N Korea resulting in her leniency towards N Korean escapees, allowing them to use Mongolian as a transit path to S Korea.

Cold War Mongolia is fascinating!

Excuse good sir but can you make a video on khad of Afghanistan I don't see any videos on KZfaq thanks👍👀

Interesting. The few times I thought about it I just assumed Mongolia was part of the USSR.

We Wish to have a feature episode about The Philippines under Ferdinand E. Marcos and under Martial Law from 1972 to 1981

Pls,make a video about Kazakh SSR

They didn't even try to fake it. They went straight for the 100%

Ulaanbaator means “Red Hero” in Mongolian

I never thought I would hear the term buddhist church, an oxymoronic phrase, in a "it seems right-ish" fashion.

Your right its miracle they still exist with just over 2 million population

Mongolia 🇲🇳 standing strong

Extremely interesting. Mongolia has always fascinated me - it is a "bucket list" place I want to visit.

Thank you for the video. Nice to see people inform theirself by your videos. Im sick of russian goverment workers comming to Mongolia and complaining about language barrier. They say: Monglia was USSR's 16th Republic. Why there is no russian signs? But true is: 1st, no, it wasn't, Mongolia had it own way to progress, but it was just deeply influenced by USSR, 2nd USSR≠not Russia, 3rd Mongolian official language is Mongolian, second by popularity is English, third is Korean and only after it it's Russian, but Russian is popular just because the generation who was born during USSR know russian and because we are in neighborhood, 4th why there is no signs in Chinese in Russia or in Mongolian in Russia? They don't even have it on border. Even russian border pollice don't know neither Mongolian neither English, I know it because I'm as native russian speaker always the one who's translating Then answer me why we need to do russian signs in our CAPITAL? I hope after watching this video some people will educate theirself about the fact that Mongolia≠USSR, but it was deeply influenced. Also I hope people will search a lot of information about the second war and how Mongolia helped USSR during war and how we defeated Japanese on Khalha river. Also I would like some people learn about the fact that we wasn't need to do this and participate in war due to the CC German leader's ideology(of course it was whole world's problem but in Adolf's plan of genocide or slaving there were no mongolians, because he wanted leave us alone)

Slight nitpick: the Mongolian People's Republic wasnt founded until 1924 (after the death of the Khan of Mongolia, the Bogd Khan), not 1920, and Sukhbaatar didnt actually live to see its proclamation. When Mongolia had been proclaimed independent in 1911/12, in a system similar to that in Tibet; it was with the head of Mongolian Lamaist Buddhism, (the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu) as Khan of Mongolia under the title of 'Bogd Khan'. When the revolution under Sukhbaatar happened in 1921, the Bogd Khan was allowed to stay on his throne, albeit as a figurehead. When the Bogd Khan died in 1924, the government declared that there were to be no further reincarnations of the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, and Mongolia was declared a republic. Nonetheless, for those three years, Mongolia was one of the few rare examples of a (theocratic) monarchy with a communist government.

I'll admit modern usage of Decimate bothers me but not nearly as much as how people mix up Ancestor and Descendant.

You missed Mongolia joining The UN in 1961, an important step on the road to independence. Sad that nothing could be done to reunite the Mongolian people. China was never likely to give up Inner Mongolia.

BBC did a tragic documentary in 1991 called "Secrets of the Steppe" about Choibalsan's mass murder of Buddhist monks. Found it here on YT.

Nowadays they have a VERY strong democracy which I can only imagine they do while staying VERY still and quiet and hoping their neighbors don't notice it

place part 2 and 3

In 1939 the Soviet troops defended Mongolia from Japanese invasion (battle of Khalkhin Gol).

It is good to mention that Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal had a Russian wife, Anastasia Filatova, who effectively ruled Mongolia on behalf of USSR and routinely report to the Soviet embassy.

Very good. But guess what, "decimated' does not mean utterly destroyed. It means partially destroyed, as in the Roman custom of "decimating" an army by killing one-tenth of the troops. If you're not familiar with a word, look it up.

What are you doing step-warrior?

Within 7h when this has 12k

To David and the entire Cold War crew, Please let me know once you've made videos on these following topics: - Argentina during the rule of Juan Peron (and how his political and economic legacies still affect Argentina to this day) - Thailand's on-and-off military governments and lese-majeste laws (which still occur even after the end of the Cold War) - Gastarbeiters (foreign migrant workers) in both West and East Germany - Bantustans (black homelands) in Apartheid-era South Africa - The history of Macau during the Cold War and how it contrasts with Hong Kong's Cold War history Thank you very much and please accept my requests.

S-steppe bro, what are you doing???

I'm astonished you didn't mention Mongolia's fighting contribution during WW2: the battle of Khalhin Gol (1939) and its troops contributing to the Soviet offensive in Manchuria (1945).

I don't know if it's correct, but I use "Decimate" to mean "reduce by one tenth" and "DecAmate" for the more generic and modern definition

I keep wondering what might have been if Mao's Long March had gone into existing red Mongolia instead of pushing on in China. Great research team, thanks!

What did mongols get told to think about chengis khan during communist rule?

Yeah, my request shared by many others have finally been answered! *Throat singing intensifies*

One of the best South Park episodes 🤣

Does anyone else notice how this video has like NO photos or videos of the events?

If I can continuously create credit to exchange for tangible goods, aren't these items essentially free to begin with? Public officials belief on their credit system. Wonder how soldiers feel about that.

funnily, in a letter Friedrich Engels argued against forceful expropriation of agricultural land. He thought it would just alienate the peasantry, a class which would anyways fade away as more advanced means of production would drive collectivization organically. I wonder how the revolutions in countries like Mongolia would have turned out if Stalin and Choilbasan had heeded Engels. Another funny note, the Republic of China in Taiwan still claims Mongolia as a part of China. Luckily, Taiwan seems uninterested in pursuing such revanchist claims, and would obviously be unable to do so anyhow. It's interesting that the Soviets never wanted to annex Mongolia considering the fate of little Tanu Tuva

Early, precommunist Mongolia definitely had some moments. As the Qing downfall began, the spiritual leader of Mongolia's Buddhists was appointed by popular decision as the Bogde Khan. Nationalist China asserted influence over Inner AND Outer Mongolia, wanting to crush any notion of independence. Then an unexpected backer of the Bogde Khan came in the form of a White Russian general, Roman von Ungern-Sternberg, who plotted to revive the old Mongolian Empire. Needless to say, the struggle between nationalism and communism led Mongolia down its path.

Mongolia once asked to join the Soviet Union but Moscow refused

Without defending the USSR, Mongolia would probably not have survived as a separate state if the USSR had not occupied it.

There is a watershed in the middle of the Mongolian treatment of Genghis Khan. Namely, 1991. Prior to 1991, Genghis Khan was not allowed to be commemorated in Mongolia, and the secretary of the Mongolian People's Party, Zedenbal, publicly declared that Genghis Khan was a terrorist and not a national hero. It was also stated directly in Mongolian textbooks that Genghis Khan must not be glorified or praised. The Mongolian script was also transformed into a Slavic script. After 1991, as a result of the fall of the Soviet Union, Mongolia began to build new statues of Genghis Khan and to put his head on its currency. The direct descendants of Genghis Khan, also known as the Golden Family. However, all the descendants of the Golden Family within Mongolia were killed off in the 1930s (Note: by killed off, I mean descendants of the Golden Family in Mongolia, but there are still hundreds of thousands of descendants of the Golden Family living in the Inner Mongolia region of China). In the 1930s, tragic scenes took place in Mongolia. The American Mongolian historian Jack Weatherford begins the preface to his book "Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World" with a bleak and grim picture: " In 1937 the relics of Genghis Khan's soul - the banner of the spirit - disappeared from the Buddhist monasteries on both sides of the Moon River below Mount Keshek in central Mongolia, guarded by devout lamas who had guarded and worshipped them for centuries. in the 1930s, Stalin's followers curbed Mongolian culture through a series of campaigns that saw the execution of some 30,000 Mongol troops who plundered temples, killed monks, violated nuns, destroyed religious objects, ransacked study rooms, burned bible scrolls and destroyed temples. the spiritual banner, allegedly the embodiment of Genghis Khan's spirit, was secretly rescued from the monastery and brought to the capital, Ulaanbaatar, for protection, but eventually disappeared there." In 1921, Sukhbaatar and Choibalsan, herders in Outer Mongolia, formed the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party with the help of the Russia, and in November 1924 the Mongolian People's Republic was proclaimed and the capital, Kulun, was renamed the 'Red Hero City' of Ulaanbaatar. From its inception to its rise to power, the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party relied on the support of the Soviet Union. From 1937 onwards, the "purges" were carried out under Soviet control. As a result, between 36,000 and 50,000 people, from the head of state to ordinary herders, were massacred, a figure that researchers generally believe to be an underestimate, with around 100,000 killed. Even so, this still represents a tenth of the Mongolian population at the time. One of the most thorough massacres was that of the Buddhist monk class and the descendants of the Mongolian Golden Family. According to incomplete statistics, this purge destroyed 797 monasteries, over 6,000 buildings and executed 20,356 lamas, and by 1939 the lama class and monastic organisations had been completely annihilated. At the same time, the descendants of the Golden Family in northern Mongolia were killed. The PPR regime began a nationwide ban on Genghis Khan worship and rituals and did not allow Genghis Khan's portrait to be hung anywhere. All official textbooks were banned from referring to Genghis Khan as a national hero and Mongolian scholars were banned from using the Secret History of Mongolia, known as the "Mongolian Bible". Anand Amar, Prime Minister of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, was removed from office in 1937 and executed in July 1941 for publicly affirming the historical status of Genghis Khan and opposing the massacre of the Lama class. Four months before the execution, on 25 March 1941, a joint meeting of the Council of Ministers of the Mongolian Government and the Presidium of the People's Central Committee The Revolutionary Party took an important decision to abolish the traditional Mongolian script and replace it with the Russian alphabet. The Mongolian language, created by Genghis Khan in 1204, was abolished for a variety of absurd reasons after 737 years of use in Mongolia. In 2006, when Mongolia commemorated the 800th anniversary of the founding of the Great Mongolian State, it was discovered that there was not a single descendant of the country's golden family and they had all been killed. I prefer it to be Russian revenge, as the Mongolian army used to rule Moscow back then. But this is a tragedy in any case. It is said that Mongolia began preparations to restore the script of Genghis Khan, and that the script standard was implemented in accordance with that of the Inner Mongolian region (since the ancient Mongolian script, which had been practised in Inner Mongolia, had not been changed). Broadly speaking the descendants of the Genghis Khan family are the Golden Family. After the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in a narrow sense the golden family refers to the descendants of the Torei and even the Kublai line, the other descendants of Genghis Khan. Most of the golden families that remained in the Central Plains at the end of the Yuan dynasty integrated into the Han Chinese. The gold family fled to the northern part of the desert when the Dajian Khan was reformed and the gold family was limited to the descendants of Dajian Khan. The end of Ming Huang Taiji defeated Lindan Khan after part of the gold family into the Manchu ministries. The current Golden Family Mongols are mainly in Chahar, Inner Mongolia, with some mixed blood into the Han and Manchu.

Does anyone hear words with S sounds amplified and harsh in the audio of these videos?

Yes! Finally some attention on Mongolia!^^ (hey why did this comment got deleted? There was nothing bad about it. I was merely being enthusiastic)

When Outer Mongolia broke away from the Soviet Union/ Russia during the collapse of the Soviet Union, I remember hearing in the news that Mongolia was the first Soviet satellite state. I had never known that.

Mongolia is basically the Eldian Empire of the past, but its just Paradis today. But instead of facing against Marley across the sea, it had to face two Marleys in the north(Russia) and the south(China).

One thing not mentioned: Mongolia was a guarantee'd vote in the UN for the USSR (back when the UN meant something)

👍

What's wrong with your mic that makes all your "S" sounds echo and hiss? No other youtube channels have this

How can there be "a state" and "communism" in same sentence?

I wonder if the MPR had tote bags?

How about Kazak?

🇺🇸

Pasture

USSR to China: My Communism is better than your Communism, so there 😝.

Mongolia survived as it always had. On fermented horse milk.