How Electric Power Steering Work

Рет қаралды 475,101

Күн бұрын

Here’s an in-depth look at how electric power steering works in your car!
In this video we look at column-mounted electric power steering from a 2004 Toyota Prius. The steering rack and entire steering column is taken apart and dissected to see what’s inside and how it works. The main components include the steering wheel, airbag, clockspring, turn signal switches, steering column, torque sensor, “rotary valve”, EPS motor with drive gear, EPS computer, intermediate shaft and steering rack.
The steering works as a closed loop control system. The torque sensor supplies the input to the EPS computer which indicates the driver’s intended direction of steering rotation. The steering shaft has a small torsion beam that moves, triggering a change in the coil’s magnetic field relative to the reference signal inside the torque sensor. This signal is processed and sent to the EPS computer. The computer will then take a high current contact and complete the circuit for the EPS motor, which operates at 12V.
The EPS motor is geared for more torque to overcome the vehicle’s steering forces, as opposed to high speed operation. The motor is a direct drive via a spiral gear to the drive gear on the pinion shaft. The drive gear is made of plastic, so that there isn’t too much friction when manually cycling the steering without assist. Once torque is supplied, it aids the movement of the steering rack to turn the wheels.
Skip to section in the video:
0:00 Introduction
1:47 Disassembly
5:55 Steering Column
7:37 Torque Sensor
10:54 Steering ECU
11:45 Steering Rack
Here's a video on how rack-mounted electric power steering works:
• How Electric Power Ste...
Here's how hydraulic power steering works:
• How Hydraulic Power St...
Here's what's inside a power steering pump:
• How a Power Steering P...
Here's how an electric power steering rack works:
• How an Electric Steeri...
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Пікірлер: 537

@steviestarr9987 2 жыл бұрын

This is a absolute professional presentation, quick, to the point, didn't have to watch 20 minutes of someone taking stuff apart. I'm going to prescribe. Thanks for your time.

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks I'm glad you appreciate the video style

@jdmking4776 2 жыл бұрын

What are you prescribing though?

@baldy555 2 жыл бұрын

Subscribe you mean

@MadHatter764 2 жыл бұрын

Yep, his videos are fast paced and edit out the fights with fasteners...quick jump cuts over the slow parts. I also like the sound quality and really love the lack of wheezing, grunting, heavy breathing and loud clunks in his videos.

@natecaine7473 Жыл бұрын

Super useful and very thorough (start to finish tour thru the system). Only suggestion is that some of the details on the video are lost due to constantly moving the parts around. Could be improved by setting the object down while you discuss and point out the features. (Especially true on the electronics). Clearly this is the best video I've seen on the EPS system.

@pieterjlansbergen6988 2 жыл бұрын

I am a retired, mechanical, automotive design engineer and my head is spinning.. Information overload. I am impressed. 😀

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

Nice! I am an engineer as well

@haroonmohammed6351 2 ай бұрын

I'm a mechanical engineer, trying to teach myself stuff. I wish there was an apprenticeship system of sorts where I could learn things from experienced ppl like you guys.

@mxolisiinnocent1995 2 жыл бұрын

To those who are not mechanics, we learn this rule from training: " Never use your garments to clean parts, always use your brother's"

@garync3810 2 жыл бұрын

Indeed! Maybe use his car too? lol

@endurofan9854 Жыл бұрын

and sister's 😂😂😂

@josephgorif Жыл бұрын

Yeah fella engineer 😎😎.

@sandilesithole3660 Жыл бұрын

wola Mxolisi😂

@obigideon Жыл бұрын

I love that

@setSCEtoAUX 4 ай бұрын

Man, I feel like we were separated at birth or something. Your analysis proceeded pretty much exactly as mine would have, and at about the same depth. I'm really grateful you take the time to put together these explorations.

@speedkar99 4 ай бұрын

Glad you like it

@jasonmoss6891 2 жыл бұрын

Great no time wasted...dig the humor just drops into an honest style. I wish more folks did this well. I enjoy that there are no vocal fillers um um um um etc...The edits are spot on. You have a new subscriber and I have been wrenching for years.

@johnbarker419 2 жыл бұрын

Yes, that's correct, people are using columns from a variety of cars as self-contained units for hot rodding. Not every column works this way, but a lot of them have a failsafe mode which works pretty well but doesn't have the function of varying steering assist based on road speed. These can operate without other inputs. Others have also built control boxes which allow you to change the level of steering assist with the twist of a potentiometer.

@davideckert4591 Жыл бұрын

One of the best "how it works" videos i have ever watched... Quick, to the point, very comical, and as he tore it apart with total disregard for it ever possibly working again you were able to really see and understand the components.

@speedkar99 Жыл бұрын

Glad you enjoyed it, I gotta alot of videos like this too! Enjoy

@piedcrowmechatronix5350 2 жыл бұрын

Simple, straight to the point...you say exactly what we want to hear... keep it up.

@Vuratzkee Жыл бұрын

Wow! You are the real deal mechanic, knows every single detail of parts, it’s function, and how it works. What a knowledge. 👍

@ZainulAbidinDevelopers_hub Жыл бұрын

I appreciate the way you explain everything, to the point and concise, and you explain very perfect, not just separating components apart but opening them to the granular level, which is hilarious, exactly like a pro, Hats off to you engineer.

@Esco4Lifeee 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for the hands-on educations. I’m always watching these well made videos out of curiosity, fascinating stuff 🙌

@CarputingYT 2 жыл бұрын

Hell yeah! It's becoming more common for people to swap these Prius electric power steering systems onto hotrods, great video and topic, speedkar99! Thanks for the way you present, you're absolutely awesome, have a great day!

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for confirming

@raybin6873 2 жыл бұрын

It's the "brothers" toothbrush pointer that makes these videos winners! 😄👍

@endurofan9854 Жыл бұрын

@Ray Bin oww hahahaha

@sometimesleela5947 8 ай бұрын

The first rule of using prius parts in our hot rods is that we do not talk about using prius parts in our hot rods.

@LionWithTheLamb 8 ай бұрын

@@sometimesleela5947 Reminds me of the old hot rods using Pinto steering racks.

@kevinfoster2308 2 жыл бұрын

"Turn signal clicky thing" 😆 thank you so much, your teaching abilities are incredible.

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

You are welcome

@asd-fw7yb Жыл бұрын

absolutely wonderful manual for electric power steering (mostly in Japanese cars), there is no better one on the whole internet! - BRAVO and many thanks! greetings from Austria. 🙂👌👌👌👍👍👍

@speedkar99 Жыл бұрын

Glad you appreciate and learning something

@ctsfiddler 2 жыл бұрын

From the radio knob to the power steering computer, it's just amazing all these parts are made for each car and where they're made and how the whole process began and then start again with a new model year, it's just amazing. this guy is amazing also.

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

Agreed. So many parts in a car and amazing if you try to understand how they work

@ManjulaBandara Жыл бұрын

On point, fast explanation. Easy to understand and more information gathered in a shorter period. High five!

@oceantrolls7332 Жыл бұрын

Recognized that pointing device. Epic. Thanks for all the great videos through the years.

@djpraze4420 2 жыл бұрын

Mans really be exposing his family “this is my brothers sock” “this is my wife’s old toothbrush” 😂 good content tho

@qaisjoker8306 11 ай бұрын

Unbelievable presentation. This kinda sums up what do we need to know about steering support system. Appreciate it.

@TheXTCNinja117 2 жыл бұрын

You're the best dude! Better teacher than most of the teachers at my tech school.

@hassangammaz3769 2 жыл бұрын

Wow! I've always believed that engineering is all about small details. Amazing amount of information you provide.

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

You are right! The devil's in the details

@BruceBoschek 8 ай бұрын

This must be one of the most intelligent technical KZfaq channels in existence. My old Mercedes A-Klasse had electric power steering and I have wondered for years how it worked. Now I know...or at least have a rudimentary knowledge to the extent that I could understand all that was said. Thanks for this amazingly professional presentation!

@Ihateyouallequally33 Ай бұрын

I quite literally have to see everything taken apart or else I can't visualize. And if I can't visualize, I can't understand it. Thank you for doing this for us, as much as it pained me to see possibly good parts destroyed. RIP

@markchidester6239 2 жыл бұрын

The humor made this fun! Excellent instructions, you just got a new sub!

@whoguy4231 2 жыл бұрын

Best explanation ever... Thank You so much!!!

@nonyadamnbusiness9887 9 ай бұрын

Excellent commentary, very clear and well organized. It's rare on KZfaq to find anyone doesn't hum and haw their way thru a poorly organized explanation of what they are doing.

@speedkar99 9 ай бұрын

Glad you appreciate my video style. What else would you like to see?

@nonyadamnbusiness9887 9 ай бұрын

@@speedkar99I'd like to see a hydrostatic transmission disassembled, but that's tractor stuff.

@mikewallace8087 8 ай бұрын

@@speedkar99 for fun I would like to see your lips moving as you talk.

@flyonbyya 7 ай бұрын

Impressed by the level of expressed understanding and knowledge…!!!!

@scootergem 2 жыл бұрын

Great job explaining all of this. Good information. Thanks!

@gerardogonzalezpalero1999 2 жыл бұрын

Came back after a while since the last video I saw of yours. I missed this channel. Excellent work man

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks. I'm here. Every week or so

@juandelacruz3799 Жыл бұрын

Awesome video. Direct to the point.

@baldy555 2 жыл бұрын

You sure know the insides of the car like the back of your hand. Impressive, Bro!!

@josel64 Жыл бұрын

Very clear explanations! Thank you and keep on👍👍👍

@zondiejchilembo3978 2 ай бұрын

This has been so helpful straight to the point.thanx

@themidas2006 2 жыл бұрын

brilliant video as always

@mailtoraj76 Жыл бұрын

super duper hit, amazing work to explain in detail the function of steering.

@justgivenofox9543 2 жыл бұрын

8:25 had that been me, that board would've snapped at first touch. another great video, thank you so much!

@beograd07 2 жыл бұрын

Great video as always. Well worth the subscription. Many new useful tools I discovered watching this video (like your famous mechanical press or your brother's de-soldering tool). 👍

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

I love the press. Probably my favorite tool after the grinder

@joemwiti2316 6 ай бұрын

Your explanation is exquisite 👌. Just learnt so much within a short time.

@TheVirusWar 2 жыл бұрын

I really like the way he talks. It shows that he's really educated and his vocabulary is vast. Amazing.

@miketess4272 2 жыл бұрын

Great video my friend ( and I’m a mechanic ). Great suggestion to use that column on a custom build.

@NinjaKirk 2 жыл бұрын

I love the breaking stuff! Cut it open whatever. Let's go

@draglinemazda 2 жыл бұрын

Much better than the hyundai system that uses a rubber coupler that deteriorates and falls apart causing a clicking sound with sloppy steering.

@giovanni_bonso 5 ай бұрын

Drinking a good beer and watching to this video at 1.25 speed gives me the same nice sentation. Great content!

@alirezababaei4279 2 жыл бұрын

Great demo.

@Anthony9592 3 ай бұрын

i enjoy every video of yours i ever watch.. amazing

@thisoldetruck278 Жыл бұрын

Great Video!! Thanks for the info!!

@ted1558 Жыл бұрын

Amazing explanation !!

@shaikafroze1805 2 жыл бұрын

U are soo precise in communication and the best of the best way in explaination,,please also make videos on head light control mechanism 👍👌

@hidayatullahkhan975 6 ай бұрын

Crisp and right on target. Lovin' it, and subscribed to your channel.

@andrecampbell7365 11 ай бұрын

Very informative video! Thank you

@Visionery1 2 жыл бұрын

Excellent explanation! Electric power steering over-complicates a very simple age-old hydraulic process.

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks

@detonater1348 2 жыл бұрын

But electric power steering is easier to replace and costs cheaper

@MattExzy 2 жыл бұрын

Actually looks simpler to me.. hydraulic systems deal with 1000+ psi worth of fluid pressure, cooling, lines that could leak, pump complexity... although this uses a brushed motor, I imagine the low duty cycle/low speed operation means it should last a while.

@JayDee-xj9lu 2 жыл бұрын

@@MattExzy I think it was all made because they wanted the fuel economy to be better. Power steering pump create drag most of the time.

@tomaskovacik 2 жыл бұрын

Or they want powersteering in ev mode, no? :D

@newmonengineering Жыл бұрын

I appreciate this, awesome content.

@btfojeff 10 күн бұрын

I loved it...if only more 'how to'/'DIY' channels would be as direct and not afraid to use your 'brothers' tools to disassemble the parts the way the rest of us do that would make my world go around a little bit faster...it was 'clear and concise' where as everyone else seems to want time to drag on to make their videos longer for reasons unknown to me... I greatly appreciate your approach...Keep up the good work. I was looking for the breakdown of the torque sensors and even though that was at the end the prelude to that part was full of good footage at a speed that didnt loose my attention...I'm not easily impressed and that video was impressive enough for me to comment...you're welcome, thank you...

@speedkar99 10 күн бұрын

Glad you like my video style

@enriquelopez9124 6 ай бұрын

Awesome information & tutorial 👏 👌🏼 👍🏿 😀

@leorojas7582 4 ай бұрын

thanks for the knowledge friend!

@speedkar99 4 ай бұрын

Glad you learned something

@sudharsang245 Жыл бұрын

this is one is really uderstandable, thanks for sharing

@ricardorocio9596 Жыл бұрын

Wow so much knowledge brother. 👏 honestly , is even kinna hypnotizing lol

@mohamedanas-elwogood9306 2 жыл бұрын

Creative as usual 👍

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks

@Good-Enuff-Garage Жыл бұрын

excellent video, I just installed one of these in my electric 1971 Chevy C10 / GMC truck

@joels7605 2 жыл бұрын

Great video. I agree about the plastic gear, but I guess they don't wear out so what do I know?

@Rem694u2 2 жыл бұрын

Just recently found this channel and I love this. It's incredible seeing how things work on the inside. There are a ridiculous amounts of parts on a car and I didn't know how a lot of them actually worked on a mechanical level because you never really see the inside. Thanks for sharing your knowledge with us. :)

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

You are welcome. I learn as I go myself too!

@chandrachoodank4576 8 ай бұрын

Thanks for your time, very usefull professional explanation

@sixtee9certified278 2 жыл бұрын

Using my favorite mechanical press.😂 I love this guy’s brand of humor.

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

Hammer time

@MarekReinsch 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for the great video! Now I understand better why my racing friends are removing electric power steering - it has some slack and now I know where! Plus that friction on the motor gears. There are quite a few EPS systems used on resto-mods like this Toyota one or one from Opel (more popular swap in Europe). I personally did use Nissan one on my DeLorean build as I know the engineer responsible for it at Nissan. Newer EPS systems actually use signals from Angle Sensor but that is mostly for ADAS purposes (line correction etc). Another important stuff is that some EPS systems need vehicle speed signals to adjust power steering support. The older column will look for PWM signal, but newer for CAN frames from ABS (Wheel Speed Sensor). Thanks again! Long-time listener!

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks! The "slop" in the torsion beam is the same if you have hydraulic steering

@cheyo022 10 ай бұрын

Thanks for the explanation, it was very helpful, I was looking everywhere to see the inside of the EPS controller and couldn't find it until I saw your video. I have a question. What happens if the current returns from the motor to the controller? Does it have some sort of protection to prevent damage or are those relays the protection?

@johnmehaffey9953 7 ай бұрын

Brilliant explanation of how the electrics work

@speedkar99 7 ай бұрын

Thanks

@MeataVore 2 жыл бұрын

As an ex fitter and electrician I love your videos. I do not drive any more and cycle everywhere now. But love seeing all your tare downs on all the bits the make up a car. Even the very act of turning the car is a massive electrical electronic and mechanical process. Super video as always.

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks. You are right, alot or complexity we don't often think about

@MeataVore 2 жыл бұрын

@@speedkar99 Yes and it is all taken for granted I feel. Just taking form the steering wheel out to the wheels, in todays cars compared to my first car of an Austin Mini in the early 80s, If all of that was put into it, there would have been no room for the engine. lol

@vwaudi-group5898 2 жыл бұрын

Respect form Libya 🇱🇾👏

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

Hi from Canada

@carlosmedina3364 2 жыл бұрын

Wow !! Great video I learned more than I was expecting. Thanks for info overload. I need coffee now.

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

You are welcome! Coffee overload to compensate

@condor5635 2 жыл бұрын

Another awesome video. Thanks! I wonder what types of issues I will have with my 2016 Toyota power steering in say 10-15 years down the road. I know my 2004 Toyota PS very well and have replaced lines etc but the electric changes most everything. Thanks for posting speedkar

@darsheng4899 2 жыл бұрын

We need more details for all components of car exactly like this video. Thanks thanks. 🙏🙏🙏

@anandananandan6555 9 ай бұрын

Well explained ❤

@amarabdelli487 9 ай бұрын

Thanks for sharing

@spencermoore2468 8 ай бұрын

Great video. Good luck putting it all back together 😧

@mckoylach1622 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for your video. Complicated design. I personally like the hydraulic power steering system.

@omairyahya3594 3 ай бұрын

Very informative Video i learned a lot as a mechanic i never done This now its my first time to do on my personal car

@speedkar99 3 ай бұрын

Thanks I'm glad it helped you learn something new!

@markanthonybasibas8744 Жыл бұрын

God job friend I like your dimostration

@josephmacdonald6141 7 ай бұрын

excellent video, correct terminalligy, I just have to speed up my listening!!!

@JRobert111111 8 ай бұрын

Very informative video! The scary part for me is the plastic gear of which those things fail frequently in all of the many uses they serve in vehicles. I'm glad my car is old fashioned hydraulic driven.

@Ammour_Nadir_Automotive 25 күн бұрын

impressive explanation

@speedkar99 25 күн бұрын

Glad you think so!

@ibnwarraq7826 2 жыл бұрын

Dude you are awesome

@seshachary5580 Жыл бұрын

awesome. very educative, regards

@wi8shad0w 2 жыл бұрын

Man .. This is one hell of a video explanation . Thanks for this amazing details point after point without any bullshit. My suggestion is make a full car mechanics course in some platforms like teachable and sell it as a course content.. I will be happy to assist you on this . DM if in need.

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for the idea

@wi8shad0w 2 жыл бұрын

@@speedkar99 I felt indebted to tell u this .

@trentwolff7761 2 жыл бұрын

Not 1 dislike, great video!

@mandymoo7406 2 жыл бұрын

very interesting,thank you

@samaeti7364 Жыл бұрын

do more videos ,this is excellent.

@MohammedHussain-kj3kj Жыл бұрын

Crazy! fast :), i liked it.

@shahidbutt4808 8 ай бұрын

Excellent

@rohithamahamalage3050 2 жыл бұрын

Great presentation

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks

@jijidinpipera 2 жыл бұрын

Cool video thank for sharing !! I was asking you, some time ago, to explain us how the 'city mode' works in a steering wheel. So basically, being electric power steering it sends a signal to the ECU to send more torque to the steering column, that's why the steering wheel becomes lighter. This is how I explain to myself...

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

Yes. The eps computer takes readings from the canbus on vehicle speed. It'll then send more torque to the motor.

@ChuckThree 2 жыл бұрын

Omfg YES! Please compare the systems that use Electric Hydraulic Pumps like Volvo, Porsche GT3 Cup, etc Drifters struggle finding a system that provides enough self steer and immediate feedback. Perhaps one design is inherently better for high rpm, low cooling potential.

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

No power steering is the best for feedback lol

@juansantamaria1982g 2 жыл бұрын

Dude!!! I told you to check my tires' pressure, not disassemble my steering system!!!

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

Too bad

@jcjko5504 2 жыл бұрын

this is not a English class.

@uzairusman8350 2 жыл бұрын

Great and professional 👍

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

Welcome

@littlereptilian7580 2 жыл бұрын

Hi thanks for the video. One question i have and i don't find any answer. If the power steering system fails, can you still steer without the danger of overloading the torsion bar ( or the shaft ) and damaging it?

@geoffedwards189 2 жыл бұрын

I have a desoldering tool like your brother's 🤣🤣 Great video as always.

@speedkar99 2 жыл бұрын

Haha Works all the time

@idselseno2306 2 жыл бұрын

You can also use your old under wears as a rag. Just cut the cloth that you need to make it indistinguishable. Works very good when I'm TIG welding to clean my work piece.

@walidhamdan9468 Жыл бұрын

thank you so muc, i have rav4 2020, it is normal when i drive it slowly but its steering become stif and hard to move whn drive fast, which is abnormal moving. my car had damaged from front end right side and maintaned