How the brain shapes reality

How the brain shapes reality - with Andy Clark

Рет қаралды 169,708

3 ай бұрын

Join philosopher and cognitive scientist Andy Clark as he challenges our conventional understanding of the mind's interaction with the world.
Watch the Q&A for this talk (exclusively for our channel members) here: • Q&A: How the brain sha...
Buy Andy's book here: geni.us/cxB87
This Discourse was recorded at the Ri on 26 January 2024.
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This innovative concept suggests that the brain operates as a dynamic prediction engine, continually shaping our perception of our bodies and the surrounding environment. Through a complex interplay of sensory data and expectations, the brain orchestrates every facet of human experience, from the everyday to the extraordinary.
In this thought-provoking Discourse, Andy will guide us through the inner workings of the predictive brain, exposing its profound implications for our well-being, mental health, and society. For instance, chronic pain and mental disorders often result from subtle disruptions in our unconscious predictions, offering promising avenues for more precise and effective treatments. As we scrutinise the boundaries between ourselves and the external world, we'll uncover the intricate connections between our environments, memories, thoughts, and emotions. This journey reveals perception as a carefully controlled form of 'controlled hallucination.'
Join us as we delve into the extraordinary explanatory power of the predictive brain. Discover how it revolutionizes our comprehension of perception and reality, all without resorting to hyperbolic language or clichés.
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Andy Clark is a Professor of Cognitive Philosophy at the University of Sussex. His interests include artificial intelligence, embodied and extended cognition, robotics, and computational neuroscience. From 2017-2021 he was PI on a European Research Council Advanced Grant: Expecting Ourselves: Embodied Prediction and the Construction of Conscious Experience. He is PI on an ERC Synergy Grant, XScape and Material Minds: Exploring the Interactions between Predictive Brains, Cultural Artifacts, and Embodied Visual Search.
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Пікірлер: 306

@jameseats4144 3 ай бұрын

My son is autistic and this talk has given me a new way to think about how he interprets the world and why he reacts the way he does.

@cjmitz 3 ай бұрын

An amazing dad! All the best to you and your son

@hyperduality2838 3 ай бұрын

Target tracking is a syntropic process! Making predictions is a syntropic process -- teleological. Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non teleological physics (entropy). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant.

@GrimrDirge 3 ай бұрын

I should add that McGilChrist's perspective on autism as right-hemisphere deficit is also worth understanding, and comes from a completely different angle.

@signaldrift2274 3 ай бұрын

Yes, a new way to think, and I believe we all share the commonality of being different. Chris Packham - The Walk That Made Me - may be of interest.

@KAT-dg6el 2 ай бұрын

@@GrimrDirge Defect? Or just a different way of thinking.

@TheRockybulwinkle 3 ай бұрын

For years there was a futon in my brothers bedroom. My parents removed it at some point, and the first time I looked in there after that, I hallucinated for a split second that it was still there. I hypothesized it was due to the expectation at the time and it’s interesting to learn more about it here!

@helmutgensen4738 2 ай бұрын

What were you smoking?

@virtual-v808 Ай бұрын

@@helmutgensen4738 Your comment is ridiculous. Hallucinations can occur spontaneously in various contexts, not as reliably as visual or auditory illusions, but it definitely does not necessarily require a psychoactive substance used.

@thewayfarer1571 Ай бұрын

What really interests me about all this is the realisation that the thought sequence we experience that gives us the sense of time,passing in a certain order, in reality is an illusion.

@briseboy Ай бұрын

It ismost useful for a neural system to retain consecutive inference of time. All nonchronnological reflection is useful for establishing salience, valence, and sensorimotor response to previously experienced sm responses. Do never forget that an energy-eater such as brain/neuron must primarily be useful. This is the constraint to which evolution responds. Organisms with motile young, when becoming sessile adults, absorb their no longer useful brains. All tissue is subject to this, muscle, vascular, even mitochondria within cells whose activity reduces. Think efficiency when questioning any variation.

@d.lav.2198 3 ай бұрын

As much a fan as I am of the Predictive Processing approach to mind/brain, as someone who suffers from a misdiagnosed chronic health problem, I know for a fact that the complexity of the body's capacity to malfunction can outstrip the much more coarse-grained diagnostic capacity of the medical profession. Some poorly understood chronic conditions really are somatically derived rather than model-driven.

@bluefernlove 2 ай бұрын

What are your symptoms?

@Iamthepossum 2 ай бұрын

thank you for your brilliant & insightful comment ❤️

@d.lav.2198 2 ай бұрын

@@bluefernlove Idiopathic dystonia. Nightmare.

@MunkiZee Ай бұрын

I can relate, it's particularly galling when you're already well aware how powerful the mind can be

@nilesspindrift1934 3 ай бұрын

Great talk and I shall be ordering the book. Also got to say how much I loved Professor Clark's suit!

@TheRoyalInstitution 3 ай бұрын

It’s a great talk and a great suit!

@onionknight2239 3 ай бұрын

Definitely

@GwydirTubeCast 3 ай бұрын

White and gold I'd a great colour combination I agree 😉

@KAT-dg6el 2 ай бұрын

@@GwydirTubeCast😂 i’m seeing the opposite colors.

@tonyevans9999 3 ай бұрын

This has been very helpful for me, thank you. Fascinating

@jaytsecan 3 ай бұрын

What a fantastic and highly informative and engrossing video. Thank you so much for sharing!

@scotimages 2 ай бұрын

How superb it is to see a philosopher who is is empirically engaged. It gives me hope that there is a future for philosphical enterprise!

@sophistrionics 2 ай бұрын

Empiricism is a belief within epistemology... that is to say, it's part of a school of philosophy. Empiricism was created through philosophy. So for you to act like it's some novel feature for a philosopher to be empirically engaged is supremely ignorant. Locke, Berkeley, Hume - these were all philosophers, and they themselves laid the groundwork of empiricism. This is very much within the domain of philosophy, and always has been. Why, then, are you so impressed by this?

@scotimages 2 ай бұрын

Do you know anything beyond British Empricicsm ?

@subhuman3408 2 ай бұрын

Philosophers who engage with empiricism is who we call scientist 😂

@scotimages 2 ай бұрын

@@subhuman3408 have you ever been a scientist?

@jondor654 Ай бұрын

Positively a positive viewpoint.

@BHPhreakyx 3 ай бұрын

what a treat. wonderful talk and talker

@janlang8605 3 ай бұрын

Splendid lecture!

@TommyEfreeti 2 ай бұрын

What you believe you expect to perceive your senses will "receive", to paraphrase Bohm. "Reality is what we take to be true. What we take to be true is what we believe. What we believe is based upon our perceptions. What we perceive depends on what we look for. What we look for depends on what we think. What we think depends on what we perceive. What we perceive determines what we believe. What we believe determines what we take to be true. What we take to be true is our reality." - Bohm

@arinco3817 3 ай бұрын

I'm only 10 mins in but absolutely loving this talk!

@sychsy8522 Ай бұрын

18 minutes on go, brain 🧠💪, good talk lovely insights

@OzGoober 3 ай бұрын

Thank you! That is awesome.

@liarspeaksthetruth 3 ай бұрын

My wife is late-deafened -- she says the listening exercise @7:30 is EXACTLY what it's like to learn to hear with a cochlear implant. (she did fantastically well - she learned VERY quickly)

@reynalindstrom2496 2 ай бұрын

Professor Klark looks great in the suit! Love from Sweden 💛💙

@fat_bastard215 3 ай бұрын

I wasn't prepared for how impactful the sine wave speech demonstration would be. I'm floored

@razielgw Ай бұрын

Phenomenal lecture... I'm speechless...

@not_crazy_at_all 2 ай бұрын

Well, after a couple of minutes I think I got a new topic to learn more about. Thank you for this presentation.

@arinco3817 3 ай бұрын

This is my favourite talk from this channel. I've been obsessed with AI for the last year but I feel like I'm gonna go down a neuroscience rabbit hole now lol

@admiral_franz_von_hipper5436 3 ай бұрын

With the sine wave speech examples, I understood the exames pretty well on the initial playthrough. I suspect that a major reason behind it is that I have been using communications radios for a while and the voices that come through those can get pretty close to the stripped sine wave voices.

@TheEduInitiative 3 ай бұрын

I also understood the stripped sine audio tapes well. Although it sounded like Gollum from Lord of the Rings lol. It also made the person speaking seem older in my opinion, which is interesting…

@NishanthSalahudeen 3 ай бұрын

42:59 pain in phantom limbs could be brought about in this way, and that would explain why the mirrorbox therapy as described by V Ramachandran helps to cure it. Am guessing that phobias work the same way too.

@terrizittritsch745 Ай бұрын

Interesting lecture by knowledgable person. Gives one a lot to think about on numerous topics and experiences.

@JohnClulow 3 ай бұрын

Wow! Thank you for this explanation of an area of technology that has so many ramifications for issues ranging from the sociopolitical to the personal management of pain etc. Work like this holds out hope that our species may be capable of successfully taking the next steps in the evolutionary process!

@jaytsecan 3 ай бұрын

Well said!

@KribensaUK 3 ай бұрын

Based on what you said, the case of the construction worker sounds like the brain also weighing up the consequences of a pain response or lack thereof. The nail could have damaged the foot in a way that also disrupted the usual pain signals, so not feeling pain and so walking on it could cause more damage. So it erred on the side of a pain response until further evidence was obtained

@thishandleistacken 3 ай бұрын

It's fun seeing all the stuff my dad did when I was young to teach me about his job in neuropsychology (he worked primarily with Dr. Brenda Milner and was one of the docs working with HM)

@oliverjamito9902 Ай бұрын

Thank you!

@neoepicurean3772 2 ай бұрын

My brother-in-law has been crippled by lower body pain for a few years now. He was an exercise addict and assumed he had injured his back so tried to get treatment, but the doctors -after extensive investigation- couldn't find any problem. He, naturally, insisted there was a problem and kept looking for answers. The doctors then went further and told him the pain was all in his head (not to say he was not actually in pain). Long story short, he rejected this idea and had a mental breakdown and was institutionalised by the family when he expressed suicidal intentions. He's since accepted he has a 'mental' illness but he is pretty much bed ridden, unless my wife wants to take him indoor climbing, where he suddenly can move almost normally, albeit slowly. The account presented in this lecture makes a lot of sense in his case. PRT sounds like a good option for him. Thanks Dr Clark!

@theprimalpitch190 Ай бұрын

Excellent. Also, it's a bit of NLP getting stumbled upon yet again (45 years after the fact) showing that we can recreate the world by training our predictions driven by new imagery, new thought sequences, new internal messaging, etc.

@madgepickles 3 ай бұрын

This was excellent, thanks

@d_wigglesworth 3 ай бұрын

In addition to the convex-/concave- mask "illusion/prediction" and the effectiveness of even the "honest placebo", there is also the vertigo that is induced when some people (yours truly, for instance) step onto a motionless escalator: even though i know "it's all in my head", and I'm prepared to experience a moment of vertigo yet again (every time), I still experience it... Presumably, if I had never seen an escalator in my life, I would experience no vertigo.

@polocrunch 3 ай бұрын

So classic for psychology to immediately go to "and therefore it's all in your head", "just change your way of thinking!" whenever any new development around chronic conditions comes out.

@Serastrasz 3 ай бұрын

They didn't say that the body damage isn't real, just that you can affect your perception of it. I have CFS, so I have first hand experience with this. Science has found physical and metabolic anomalies in the muscle tissues, so the disease is very much real and not "in your head". Similar anomalies were found in Long Covid patients. They have no clue about the how and why (yet), so there's nothing they can do to fix or alleviate the damage directly. However, having a positive or negative mental attitude and expectations towards the disease can make a lot of difference in how debilitating it is in daily life.

@abbeleon 3 ай бұрын

I hear you as someone who has gotten the "in your head" response from a doctor before but maybe it's more like "it's a lot more in our heads than we thought before but that doesn't mean it's at all easy to shift those processes". If anything, with the framework of the talk, processing difficulties have a stronger validation for their reality. They have to be taken just as seriously as a nail piercing a body because the brain makes sure that the pain is just as real. So instead of dismissal, psychiatrists have a duty to tackle so called "in our heads" problems with creativity and scientific soundness.

@jamesralston5293 2 ай бұрын

I have been reading Mark Soams. This is very confirmatory.

@timwoods3173 2 ай бұрын

Thank you

@bryandraughn9830 2 ай бұрын

The idea that my brain builds a model of myself within a model of the world blows my mind!

@jpopelish 2 ай бұрын

The coolest thing about your mind's model of itself is that the model has a model of itself, which has a model of itself, which has . . . It is like standing between two parallel mirrors.

@sjoerd1239 2 ай бұрын

@@jpopelish Why do you think it is like that?

@jpopelish 2 ай бұрын

@@sjoerd1239 To be a usably accurate model of one's own mind, it has to be a model of a mind that includes a model of itself. I think this kind of self model is what results in self awareness. We not only predict our external reality, but predict our thoughts and responses to that external reality. I think this development was preceded by modeling the minds of those around us, to predict their behavior. But then we applied that predictive power to ourselves.

@Lemoncare Ай бұрын

@@sjoerd1239mirror neurons ?

@VYBEKAT 2 ай бұрын

hitting the ground hard enough to punch a screw (clearly visible in the picture) through multiple layers of thick rubber and leather is going to hurt regardless of not having been pierced by the object

@svenicarus4872 2 ай бұрын

I looked into it, expecting to see that maybe the pain subsided after removal of the nail from the boot, yet there was no such thing. The case study is basically just a mere few lines in an aside of the BMJ. Crazy that it even got published in a peer reviewed journal and is related by a scientist in a lecture. Just shows how even clever people can be subject to trickery. Then again, none of the illusions worked on me so maybe I’m just smarter than I think. Or dumber than I think as whatever the brain is doing to the illusions isn’t happening in my own perceptions. I don’t know. Je ne sais pas. I know that so I’m smart!

@kirkwagner461 3 ай бұрын

This makes a TON of sense to me, based on a lot of my own observations and experiences.

@segamai 3 ай бұрын

I immediately heard the sine wave speech correctly, and in my head I visualised a sentence with bits chopped off it as the sine undulated from audible to inaudible. Take that, science! You don’t control me!!

@guillermoa.nerygomez8782 3 ай бұрын

Well I actually used science to be able to understand it: I pre-visualized someone speaking to me in English with an English accent, and got most of the words of each sentence right. (I stimulated a prediction).

@bitterbum1 3 ай бұрын

I wonder how this could relate to the anecdotal recollections from people struggling with different psychiatric illnesses/afflictions, and their resulting radical shifts of perspective after taking (often accidentally) high dosages of hallucinogens. Not that the change is always good or bad, but just radical change in perspective in general. If the brain updates itself with this balance of "generative model" vs. "sensory input," it seems that radical perturbations to either really changes our "internal judge" that assigns weights to either. On the other side of the same coin would be when we receive extreme sensory input (which we are unable to immediately justify with our internal models), that would result in PTSD--where we now expect this input to occur again despite it being very unlikely. Could we perturb the system (either through modifying the internal model or by controlling sensory input) to recalibrate the judge?

@Iamthepossum 2 ай бұрын

My goodness this is profound; thank you for sharing

@neilgadsby3924 2 ай бұрын

Very interesting. Thanks.

@oliverjamito9902 Ай бұрын

Keep watch!

@ehfik Ай бұрын

beautiful!

@jpopelish 3 ай бұрын

Those trying to program self driving vehicles really need to be thinking of programming in these terms, and about how to make the program humble about the likelihood of sometimes predicting incorrectly, and jumping to a better, alternate hypothetical reality, gracefully.

@componentsinmotion4683 2 ай бұрын

I honestly couldn't guess which would be harder: developing the complex conceptual imagination of philosophers within the minds of engineers, or developing the functional knowledge and rigorous constraints of design in the minds of philosophers. But we do desperately need some engineer-philosophers. We've got Elon Musk poking holes in the ground, the sky, and the human brain, with plenty of imagination for what's possible, but without much sign of humility, restraint, or virtue. What we could really use on the cusp of a new age is a Benjamin Franklin.

@wrekced 3 ай бұрын

I have Schizo-affective disorder so I experience visual and auditory hallucinations. This has given me some interesting insignt into what I experience. Thanks for this info! Also precision weighting looks to me like it plays a part in the placebo effect. This is really interesting!

@kennethgarcia25 3 ай бұрын

actually a functional neurological disorder (pseudo-psychosis) with a cluster b personality is more accurate. the attitude suggests narcissism, but the attention seeking using psychopathology claims is more histrionic... If you understand the placebo effect, you need to now question your motives for needing to assume a dramatic sick role for attention.

@michaelblankenau6598 3 ай бұрын

@@kennethgarcia25It might be time for you to pull your head out of your a$$ .

@bryandraughn9830 2 ай бұрын

@@kennethgarcia25 Why do you type things?

@orbismworldbuilding8428 2 ай бұрын

@kennethgarcia25 schizoaffective disorder means their schizophrenia effects them in episodes paired with a mood disorder. It is neurogenetic and can be treated with medication, unlike personality disorders (which medication only reduces anger depression or anxiety.)

@orbismworldbuilding8428 2 ай бұрын

@@kennethgarcia25 also nothing they said indicates personality disorder, and personality disorders aren't usally easy to notice from a single isolated instance, and the rare instances where it can be, are easily confused with any number of other disorders in different situations.

@juanromero7189 3 ай бұрын

He doesn't mention it, but I can see potential on psychological trauma, addiction (compulsive behavior in general), among other things. All these seen them as flaws in the prediction algorithm of our brain. This is really good stuff!

@annajoythigpenhunt 3 ай бұрын

This is amazing- thank you for this talk. Also: this guy looks like British Joel McHale

@larcomj 3 ай бұрын

really cool talk. this reminds me of the book "on intelligence"

@FaughtyEmit 3 ай бұрын

I'd love to hear a talk on the overlap between this topic and religious experience.

@rustybolts8953 Ай бұрын

When about 4 I jumped down about 4 steps into the dark basement of my house. Instantly I felt a very sharp pain shooting from my foot up my right leg, far stronger than any pain I have felt since in 68 years, My body instinctively started jumping only making the pain worse with each jump. Only a strong act of will could stop the jumping until help arrived. It turned out that someone had placed a large plank of wood on the basement floor with a nail sticking up through it. No brain predictions were possible, no psychological effects, Only electrical signals were ongoing. I would really like to know what this force we call "Will" really is. Thank you all for a thoughtful video.

@ginogarcia8730 3 ай бұрын

Could prediction error be the basis for comedy where you expect one thing but something totally new comes

@Safetytrousers 3 ай бұрын

Comedy involves a different level of predictive thinking being confounded.

@emj6724 Ай бұрын

Mr Clarke amazing video😂 you literally have readjusted my own realities for me. I have some autistic folk in my family and I've known some autistic people when I was much younger you have just given me a new super duper if I can use a scientific term! insight into what makes them tick and possibly what makes me tick thank you sir thank you thank you🎉 You also have a very cool accent!!

@davidabair2280 3 ай бұрын

I have a six string electric guitar that has a computer built in. It will mimic 36 guitars. When I have it set to a 12 string guitar my fingers feel a if I’m playing a 12 string even though I’m playing a six string. I owned a 12 string many years ago so I know how it feels harder to play than a 6 string. I feel as if it’s taking more effort to play to 12 string sound even though I playing a 6 string with light gaged strings. My brain is reacting to my expectations. This video helps me make sense of this phenomenon.

@subhuman3408 3 ай бұрын

Predictions error leads to action 14:14 Just like Scientific models 21:45 Same as neural network weighing 23:34 You need draw from fragments to get hidden 58:18

@onionknight2239 3 ай бұрын

"What's going on" lol. Great presentation 👍

@helmutgensen4738 2 ай бұрын

Quite stimulating to the predictive neurons shaped by error-correction and deciding to buy your book (plus Lisa Barrett's 'How Emotions Are Made') - thanks. If I may be so bold... most of my existence has been dedicated to lifestyle photography - with the gutreaction 'not the leather bowtie and black silky shirt with the tartan suit'. May I suggest shifting the Andy Clark professorial attire to - somewhere between Jordan Peterson suave, and say Malcolm Mclaren cool? (I'm thinking Andy Warhol chique). You only live once or as my friend with MS puts it "You're gonna be dead for a long time".

@klaushermann6760 3 ай бұрын

I came here to relate that talk to how LLMs work, and our brains work similarly to every LLMs out there!

@CauseOfFreedom-mc7fx Ай бұрын

Where is the QA part?

@simonstrandgaard5503 3 ай бұрын

The video file format seems interleaved, causing the rows to flicker. Please pick another video encoding next time.

@uriituw 2 ай бұрын

Yup.

@imtubing 2 ай бұрын

Thanks for making a tilting video, it was impossible to not bring back my attention to it hahah :D

@jondor654 Ай бұрын

In the placebo trials , would or did the responding participants physiology correlate to a causal delta .

@JamesMoniyaw 3 ай бұрын

I like drawing the inside of people houses because after just a couple times of being in your house I remember probably 90% of the homes I've been in .... also works for lakes and trails in my brain.

@sonyavincent7450 3 ай бұрын

Impressive 🎉

@makeitreality457 2 ай бұрын

I was commercial fishing and I stepped on the gaff hook. It went right through my boot and through my big toe. The fleshy part. I just taped it up with some Ichthammol and electrical tape and kept fishing. Never thought once about it and it healed up fine.

@mut8inG 2 ай бұрын

You get what you concentrate upon, oh! creator you of your reality. peace+&-🎶🌸

@MunkiZee Ай бұрын

The video seems a little quiet, it is audible but I don't feel I can give it my full attention which is a shame because it's really interesting

@marcdraco2189 3 ай бұрын

Bloody hell, three examples and my brain was already starting to translate. The last one I got completely correct.

@W00PIE 3 ай бұрын

Great talk as usual, thanks for that. But please find someone who can put your videos online without these annoying interlacing artifacts.

@user-st7wb3yf3d 3 ай бұрын

What I've found is that when we go deeper into the mind, not the brain, there is a level of perception which is clear... for instance, seeing the future. The brain couldn't see the future unless it was considering such as probabilities. I'm talking seeing actual events which are beyond probability, beyond calculation. For instance, I foresaw an amusing event which was my brother dropping a £2 coin, on a certain street in Edinburgh. We don't live in Edinburgh, and I never knew he was going there that day. We just happened to bump into one another with our group of friends. Within minutes of meeting he was about to sneeze and pulled out a hanky, turning away from us, and out dropped a £2 coin. Yes, our everyday perception does work in a pretty deterministic manner, but that does not mean we are machines, nor limited to the factors of the past.

@youtubelisk 3 ай бұрын

I know this a great presentation but the suit is better🧐

@paulrapley1044 2 ай бұрын

A good example in the first minute of how researchers' brains shape reality: as has already been observed by another respondent here, the offending object appears to close observers who've had any experience at all at constructing things to be not a nail but a screw. To some, a trivial distinction, but clear evidence of people seeing what they are told to expect, including, unfortunately or inevitably, the persuasive Andy Clark and, as it appears from our limited information, J. P. Fisher et al and their source.

@NishanthSalahudeen 3 ай бұрын

4:26 this prediction is super easy to understand when happening on vision or sound or such primary perception. However, the samething happens in higher cognition as well. Thats how villains in your life are created usually. Some situation might have made someone behave in certainway which made us unhappy and we just remember them like "convex face", as if it is a given attribute of the person. From then on, even if we see a concave face (good behaviour), our brain will tell us "it must be convex " (bad somehow). Thus we cookup a story to justify it and behave accordingly to that person. Meanwhile the same thing is happening to the other as well due to your behaviour to them. From there on, its all downhill. Both become bad people to each other. So dont see this just as a curious experiment. Learn to see how it bites you in daily life!

@hyperduality2838 3 ай бұрын

Making predictions is a syntropic process -- teleological. Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non teleological physics (entropy). "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant.

@sharonfisher3179 2 ай бұрын

Love his suit!❤❤❤

@SheSweetLikSugarNSavage 2 ай бұрын

It is pretty funny. He looks like a ringmaster

@frankzaffuto3670 2 ай бұрын

24:28 Why would there need to be a variable balance if there was only one true ratio? The logic is sound

@EmakhosiniSiyakhuleka 19 сағат бұрын

DOPE 🔥

@amisfitpuivk 3 ай бұрын

not sure if this is a new camera system, but my brain seems to be hallucinating a lot of shaking and it's jarring with all the text in this one

@granduniversal 2 ай бұрын

I think this subject is very interesting for many reasons. One of those is how it has direct bearing upon American politics. In America, politics is split between two camps. The right side generally claims authority due to reason. Their form of reason may be religion based, but it is thought derived from a previous lesson or understanding rather than thought derived from experience. The left takes more from experience, and downgrades the right's understanding. When there is no direct way to get feedback, because feedback is only being gathered in expected places native to a particular side, then reality falls too far outside of expectation and people don't know what to do with it. They become more easily afraid. They fall back on tried ways, even if they can see they don't work. When that happens in the brain, we see it because we have a sense of an observer. There isn't so much of that if the reasoning side can't prove itself and has to resort to legal and political tricks to get what it wants. In other words, it can't change any, so it makes up conspiracy theories to explain why it appears wrong. It's Plato and Aristotle played out all over again. It's Galileo and the church, sometimes. Other times, the right can save the state a lot of money. We still need to spend more on basic research, but we have come a long way with what we are doing.

@Paul_Oz 3 ай бұрын

what do you think the over/under is for when we have an ai running kind of a mid-layer interference on our reality perception knobs and dials? I mean, we're all gonna be sporting AI assistants very soon. It is going to become very apparent that if you can lick the security/privacy worries, there will be huge advantages to running your AI listening 24/7 in as many modalities and as sensitively as possible, more data - better model. We will gradually push our perceptions out from our meatwagons into the digital sphere. Wouldn't the natural user interface just be a finely attuned AI, with a copious and ongoing data stream about a person that also had suite of abilities with which to twist the knobs and dials of their perceptions and predictions? With a sophisticated enough model running the show and with enough time for the native brain to adapt and wire parallel to the AI's guidance, you could pretty much end up with Matrix level fidelity pretty quick.

@jackhsiehhautecouture 3 ай бұрын

Wow I’m early for this upload. Hai people🎉🎉🎉 love a subscriber

@mattgray666 3 ай бұрын

Really interesting info, especially in the current AI research climate. Would be enrichtacular to see cases of genetic abnormalities affecting perception of nature. Sure, autism, but what about people with malformed receptors and such? Are there people who don't get all the different brain waves? So many questions.

@hyperduality2838 3 ай бұрын

@captainnemog1705 3 ай бұрын

Didn't know James Gunn knew so much about the brain!

@steveosteveareno2670 3 ай бұрын

Is anyone else thinking about the current polarized political perceptions in the US of A?

@mikoaj1321 3 ай бұрын

It's very quiet. I can't grasp why after all these years KZfaq still can't figure out sound normalization.

@richard_d_bird 3 ай бұрын

the problem of ai models generating what they call "hallucinations" might suggest some kind of lack of sophistication in this aspect of those artificial intelligences maybe, but it's interesting that the same kind of problem is common to them and the organic ones

@tc-s3510 Ай бұрын

I think it should be stated CLEARLY that positive thinking and working to change brain patterns does NOT work on a lot of chronic pain people because there are MEDICAL reasons for the pain. I cannot tolerate pain medicine and, while I am able to manage my pain mentally on a daily basis, I am still in incredible pain. My pain levels have been tested and every single time they ask me how I'm even able to walk and function because I peg the machines out completely. My background includes years upon years of training and I was Even training for the Olympic Trials (swimming) before a truck ran into me and stopped my life. Swimming (any high level sport) is a lot of mental games to keep you going in high pain situations of grueling workouts. I'm lucky to have had that background, but my current walking pain level would put down the largest males. I've had 13 back surgeries of which 11 were performed WITHOUT anesthesia (I didn't tolerate it). I'm telling this because I have a great hold on mental control of my brain, but I'm still in horrible, horrible pain because the pain is medical. While some mental pain gymnastics can help some people, please do not insult any chronic pain suffering people by suggesting it's all in your head. We have been gaslighted enough and it never ends well.

@thewayfarer1571 Ай бұрын

I hear you ( for what it’s worth!)

@ramondpederson9570 Ай бұрын

My dad did that with the nail through the foot but it went right through the middle of the foot

@dionysusnow 2 ай бұрын

There is a huge difference between a nail and a screw when it comes to something embedded in your foot. I speak from experience.

@cmvamerica9011 3 ай бұрын

How about some pain medicine?

@styx1272 3 ай бұрын

Thanks for this very interesting. Expectation Motivation and Hypnosis Interesting area of mind research possibibly I had an annoying dispute in with a dentist a few years ago where I had a leaky filling that was aggravating the nerve. The dentist looked and xrayed and insisted there was no problem And I insisted it had been doing this for a few months And of course implied it was psychosomatic and I insisted And said I would pay for the filling even if there were no improvement. She consulted wth colleges came back and put the drill into the perfect filling and it collapsed into mush.. Yes I did really have a leaky filling and have had no problem with this tooth since. Unfortunately 'educated' professionals have a habit of consigning these things to the dustbin to maintain their model of the all knowing wise in control guru.

@johndoolan9732 3 ай бұрын

If told what in picture before hand easy to spot but looking at picture before told we can spot many pictures try

@Safetytrousers 3 ай бұрын

That certainly doesn't conform to my predictions of correct English. Maybe that was your point.

@jondor654 Ай бұрын

Causal placebos actually contain an infinitesimal dilution of an infinite number of priors .

@korstmahler 3 ай бұрын

Three of the six initial comments were engagement booster bots. Interesting. That aside, the basic process of the human brain hallucinating it's best approximation of reality isn't new to me. Brains being a predictive self-preservation system, self awareness grows from self-preservation, and thus sentience, and so too sapience. I'd like to talk with this man sometime.

@RootsEcho 3 ай бұрын

How can you tell whether comments are AI? My sarcasm sprouted from the darkest depths of my being, which, I must admit, doesn't exclude me from having AI. Fairly confident my I is N though

@korstmahler 3 ай бұрын

@@RootsEchoThey gave themselves away by being identically formatted, one line of generic nondescript praise for the video that could apply to literally any video on YT, followed by a random positive emoji. They'd have looked 'vapid but real' if they hadn't all been posted within moments of the upload, and been verbal paletteswaps of each other

@danielkorosec9944 3 ай бұрын

12:30 making predictions on brains figuring out reality depends on preassumptions, like brain’s processing structure is ground up cleared, but that isn’t the case. So when I see my surroundings, where is I, how is I split, when is consciousness involved ? By experiencing life consciousness forms and me results by biophysical conditions as well as surroundings having influenced my behaviors, and each characteristic is dependent around time, some are ahead and others controlling. It’s aa field 😅

@hyperduality2838 3 ай бұрын

@Safetytrousers 3 ай бұрын

What has the likes of 'the irreversible component of its time evolution is in the direction of SEA compatible with the conservation constraints' have to do with any of this? What is going on is what is being explored, not the cause of what is going on.@@hyperduality2838

@MatsueMusic 2 ай бұрын

I cannot wait for this to make its way into medicine and psychology. Now that we know its inside-out, how could ADHD meds and other forms of medication change to take advantage of this?!

@Ef554rgcc 3 ай бұрын

I thought I found a way out of intense think. Somehow that YT algo brings me back.

@NishanthSalahudeen 3 ай бұрын

50:52 that must be one way in which prayer helps...when it does seem to

@Urania4007 Ай бұрын

Sounds so much like the way of generative AI (even quantum physics) -- it's all about prediction

@hyperduality2838 3 ай бұрын

3 ай бұрын

Wonderful presentation thank you!!!! I wonder if referring to “the brain” instead of "the mind" who is doing all that is part of the predictive process? We expect the grey stuff to do it all.

@uriituw 2 ай бұрын

Turn your phone off during the lecture!

@signaldrift2274 3 ай бұрын

If, autism leans toward an overload of sensory input and, I believe, conditions of psychopathy have an insensitivity to sensory input and a dominance of internal models, is it perhaps that the two condition are the reversals of each other, and normality a mid- point balanced between the two ?

@orbismworldbuilding8428 2 ай бұрын

Thats an interesting idea Maybe mechanism-wise, though cause-wise can be different

@signaldrift2274 2 ай бұрын

yes @@orbismworldbuilding8428

@PamaPamapop 3 ай бұрын

I guess this is why you struggle to understand lyrics in a different language because your brain is not taught to do accurate predictions, but once you checked the lyrics, it’s much easier to predict. Brain adjust auditory sensations to visual readings.

@Safetytrousers 3 ай бұрын

Isn't that just not knowing a different language?

@FueledbyJohn 3 ай бұрын

Yes, funnily enough. I would there was a hole in my shoe the other week whilst walking / running with great ensuing pain fortunately it didnt persist and didnt go so far as to penetrate deeply into my foot.. I didnt require pain relief I just stopped checked my shoe, took it off and removed the obstruction and hobbled home. I plugged it with a glue gun afterwards. My watch vibrates to remind me to stand up, in addition to drink water.