How The Most Useless Branch of Math Could Save Your Life

Рет қаралды 6,742,183

Күн бұрын

There is an entire branch of math simply devoted to knots - and it has changed the world. We’ll rope you in. Head to brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription.
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters! Join the community to help us keep our videos free, forever:
ve42.co/PatreonDEB
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Huge thanks to Prof. Colin Adams for his excellent help guiding us through the world of knots.
Many thanks to Prof. Doug Smith, Dorian Raymer, Prof. David Leigh, and Prof. Dorothy Buck for helping us understand applications of knot theory.
Many thanks to Prof. Dan Silver & Prof. Jim Hoste for speaking with us about the history and tabulation of knots.
If you want to learn more about knots and play with them yourself, check out:
The amazing KnotPlot tool - knotplot.com/. Thanks to Rob Scharein for providing technical help as well!
A table of knots and all their invariants - knotinfo.math.indiana.edu/
The Knot Atlas for general info on knots - katlas.org/wiki/Main_Page
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Knot Theory Video References - ve42.co/KnotTheoryRefs
Images & Video:
Alexander Cutting the Gordian Knot by Donato Creti via Fine Art America - ve42.co/GordianCut
Indus Valley tablet via Quora - ve42.co/IndusValley
Pages from the Book of Kells via National Trust of Scotland - ve42.co/BookOfKells
Medieval Celtic designs from @thebookofkellsofficial via Instagram - ve42.co/KellsInsta
Chinese knotwork by YWang9174 via Wikimedia Commons - ve42.co/Panchang
Quipu cords by Pi3.124 via Wikimedia Commons - ve42.co/Quipu
Borromeo heraldry via Terre Borromeo - ve42.co/Borromeo
Birman/Jones letter via Celebratio Mathematica - ve42.co/JonesBirman
Molecular trefoil knot by M stone via Wikimedia Commons - ve42.co/TrefoilMolecule
X-ray structure of trefoil knot by Ll0103 via Wikimedia Commons - ve42.co/XrayTrefoil
Bacteria animation from Your Body's Molecular Machines by Drew Berry via the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research - wehi.tv
Topoisomerase and knots from Orlandini et al. Synergy of topoisomerase. PNAS, vol. 116, no. 17, 2019, pp. 8149-8154. - ve42.co/Orlandini2019
KnotProt 2.0: A database of proteins with knots and slipknots - ve42.co/Knotprot
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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bernard McGee, Bill Linder, Burt Humburg, Dave Kircher, Diffbot, Evgeny Skvortsov, Gnare, Jesse Brandsoy, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mario Bottion, MaxPal, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Stephen Wilcox, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures
▀▀▀
Directed by Emily Zhang
Written by Emily Zhang and Derek Muller
Edited by Trenton Oliver
Animated by Fabio Albertelli, Ivy Tello, Jakub Misiek, and Mike Radjabov
Filmed by Derek Muller, Raquel Nuno, and Emily Zhang
Produced by Emily Zhang, Han Evans, and Derek Muller
Thumbnail by Ignat Berbeci and Mike Radjabov
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and Pond5
Music from Epidemic Sound

Пікірлер: 8 600

@veritasium 8 ай бұрын

Have any lingering questions about knots? Want to hear more knot stories that didn’t make the cut? Derek and Emily (the writer/director of this video) will be hosting a livestream for our Patreons next week! Join our Patreon for more info and a link to the stream - ve42.co/VePatreon

@lightflix 8 ай бұрын

HI DEREK

@Octo_Fractalis 8 ай бұрын

🎉

@L17_8 8 ай бұрын

Jesus loves you ❤️ please turn to him and repent before it's too late. The end times described in the Bible are already happening in the world.

@namantherockstar 8 ай бұрын

Veritasium inspires me.. My parents said if i get 50K followers They'd buy me a professional camera for recording..begging u guys , literally Begging...

@alexjohansson9508 8 ай бұрын

Why is it called a unknot instead of a notknot?

@zebatov 7 ай бұрын

My earphones discover all 352,152,252 knots half a second after entering my pocket.

@robotcodm7668 2 ай бұрын

lmao

@supertubemind 2 ай бұрын

Yes, but if you dig deeper, you'll find its just a simple unknot which is proving to be elusive to untangle.

@HeavenlyDevilGaming 2 ай бұрын

@@supertubemindway to ruin the joke

@cabbycabbycabbycabbycabby 2 ай бұрын

@@HeavenlyDevilGamingIn a way they made the joke funnier.

@realskydiver777 2 ай бұрын

blud is way too mad@@HeavenlyDevilGaming

@siddharthshekher1101 8 ай бұрын

Veritasium's graphic designer would have become a physicist by now. It must take a lot of understanding on their part to learn the concept first and then visualize how to demonstrate it. It is just mind-blowing.

@seeqret 8 ай бұрын

And the animator too

@r.daneel738 8 ай бұрын

This

@dburitto 8 ай бұрын

They might even be the same person

@Buttersaemmel 8 ай бұрын

@@dburitto the face you see is Derek Muller. the animator is Fabio Albertelli, he also does graphical design (so probably also doing the graphical design for the videos). don't think they are the same person. Fabio Albertelli is well educated in science so he can work with the knowledge he already posseses.

@user-ov2fc5sd1e 8 ай бұрын

It's not _that_ complicated though...

@the_Spartan_117 2 ай бұрын

The mathematicians missed the opportunity to name it 'Notknot'.

@caywo_ 5 күн бұрын

Who's there

@P3TEY Күн бұрын

The unknot

@persona2grata 6 ай бұрын

Although I wouldn't in a hundred years choose to study knots, it never fails to inspire me how people take up these causes, pushing esoteric fields forward for nothing more than a pure love of the game until eventually their discoveries can be tied to other fields to make important scientific advances. Science really is humanities most collaborative sport.

@anthonymartial2832 5 ай бұрын

The wonders of a deterministic universe People think its intelligent design, but it actually is thermodynamics, entropy, and life trying a better hand at making more "complex life" for energy dissipation

@persona2grata 5 ай бұрын

@@anthonymartial2832 I've heard that theory before, that life is an outcome that naturally extends from energy dissipation/entropy maximization, although for me it's still mostly theory. I don't think we've gathered enough information to know yet whether life is as prevalent in the universe as that theory would suggest. But it is a fascinating idea though.

@maxweinbach3996 2 ай бұрын

@@anthonymartial2832what if thermodynamics is by design?

@wilhelmschroeder7345 Ай бұрын

@@anthonymartial2832 Them's fightin' words, podnuh.

@sendnoods Ай бұрын

@persona2grata why knot study knots?

@smoov22_sonic 8 ай бұрын

There is a certain demographic that I hope never finds this extended tribute to knots

@JesseJames_37 8 ай бұрын

It's me. I'm the demographic. 😡

@multicoloredwiz 8 ай бұрын

I don't like this cuz u have a tails avatar and know exactly what u mean

@hmm_okok 8 ай бұрын

hah, tough job you'll have trying to stop boat owners from learning this one, your hopes are for naught they have known this for decades

@koifish528 8 ай бұрын

The boy scouts 😱

@Barnil_JN 8 ай бұрын

Knot

@logankennedy7082 8 ай бұрын

As a Ph.D. student in algebraic topology, I am glad to see that different areas of topology are finally getting the attention they deserve.

@daniel11shauri 8 ай бұрын

So you deal with stuff like mobious strips, klein bottles and 4-D toruses

@CharlesPanigeo 8 ай бұрын

Very cool! I'm a graduate student in math learning algebraic topology. I'm working through Hatcher's right now. Its interesting enough right now, so we'll see if I end up focusing on algebraic topology.

@watcherofwatchers 8 ай бұрын

As a non-Ph. D student in anything, topology and knot theory is, and has been, a very popular subject on science and mathematics themed channels for a very long time. It isn't "finally" getting the attention the subject deserves - you have only just now discovered it, apparently. Those are two very different situations.

@logankennedy7082 8 ай бұрын

@@watcherofwatchers I have not "just now discovered knot theory", however, I was merely trying to say that I am happy people are presenting it to the general public so more people can learn about these fields of mathematics.

@vwlz8637 8 ай бұрын

@@watcherofwatchersAs a non-phd student in anything, you should let them talk

@peterbigblock 2 ай бұрын

I don’t think I’ve ever watched a video that I completely understood while, at the same time, I had no idea what you were talking about. It’s like a miracle. Fascinating subject!

@rmorell28 3 ай бұрын

"Not knot" "Who's there?" The *Unknot*

@chriscrossx 7 ай бұрын

I'm in awe at someone having the patience and skill to visually tie thousands of knots and distinguish duplicates. Thanks for another great story wonderfully told.

@bernardfinucane2061 7 ай бұрын

It is truly mind numbing stuff. Source: I tried to figure it all out a few decades ago.

@cartoonsinkannada1186 7 ай бұрын

My headphone wires form the most complicated knot in the world

@albertosalazar7968 7 ай бұрын

I did not expect a video about Knots to be that interesting.

@LRYMUSIC 7 ай бұрын

@@cartoonsinkannada1186 especially if you put them in your pocket/on your table un-knotted

@wZem 7 ай бұрын

And all that work without having an aim or purpose in mind at first. Just to broaden humanity's knowledge.

@AuxiliaryHillman 7 ай бұрын

Math is so incredible. People just study a phenomenon and it reveals a language that describes the world in ways we didn't know of before. Wonder what fields of maths exist that we have yet to study

@sledgehammered1765 7 ай бұрын

I wonder if there is any phenomenon which just gives random meaningless solutions the closer you study it

@HEN_X 7 ай бұрын

Every natural phenomenon can be reduced to mathematical precision. Plato and his world of Ideas are the true foundation of the world. 💯

@anthonydavidrafaelhoyos8328 7 ай бұрын

@@HEN_Xy el caos es un cuento chino?

@irokosalei5133 6 ай бұрын

Maths is all definitions so fields are potentially infinite. Knots being an actually studied one is especially tied to its relevance in physics.

@prasunbagdi6112 6 ай бұрын

@@sledgehammered1765 chaos theory

@aannecagas9791 Ай бұрын

Hello internet, welcome to Knot theory

@matthieuaubert9447 6 ай бұрын

I've started to lace my shoes like this ~2 years ago when I realized its symetry and aesthetism, but never paid attention to its tightness. Thank you for this great video, as always !

@rozygcf6611 8 ай бұрын

Fun fact: making sure you're doing a square knot instead of a granny knot is also very important in surgery. They are taught to alternate the way they secure off the suture.

@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721 8 ай бұрын

I wonder if surgeons are better at tying their shoes.

@tumekeehoa3121 8 ай бұрын

My understanding is the suture knot is similar to a square knot but with an additional 'under' at the first step so right over left and under and under, left over right and under. I read it was supposed to reduce scaring but looking how it performs it appears to lift the added knot mass off the surface perhaps making for easier removal. I suspect surgeons use a granny suture knot based on biological sex and age under... just for giggles.

@jeffthomson4223 8 ай бұрын

@@tumekeehoa3121 The start of the 'surgeon's knot' is three twists so that it holds tension better while we get the next layer in place- or at least that was the explanation given to me. There's a lot of different types and thickness of suture material, but it's common for it to be smooth and springy, and you need to make sure it knots tightly around the blood vessel and not as a pointless loop with no tension.

@williamarcor251 8 ай бұрын

Derek has been killing it with the math videos lately

@Leonardo-Lenguaje 8 ай бұрын

@@repentandbelieveinJesusChrist2😂

@newolde1 8 ай бұрын

@@repentandbelieveinJesusChrist2repent for your illogical blasphemy and math will save your soul! Abacus 2:77,232,917-1

@johndrakeethenred728 8 ай бұрын

@@repentandbelieveinJesusChrist2 AMEN!

@pomegranate3601 3 ай бұрын

i love that I never know in which rabbit hole I am going to fall into when I watch your videos but it`s always incredibly fascinating! Thank you for your valuable content!

@threeriversforge1997 5 күн бұрын

Next thing you know, you're studying Marlinspike Seamanship and ordering your very own copy of the Ashley Book of Knots. It's a deep rabbit hole, indeed!

@cliffperry 28 күн бұрын

Many of your videos i watch and enjoy your explanations yet only begin to grasp the concepts. Some I’m still clueless yet i love to know how much i don’t know about the world. Thank you for them all.

@Haeze 7 ай бұрын

When it comes to avoiding knots in headphones, my easy way that I have used for years is to simply not allow the endpoints into the storage case. If it is a zippered pouch, just leave the earbuds and the plug hanging outside the zipper. You can just grab the entire length of cable and shove it in the zipper pouch as a massive wad if you want, just leave the ends outside the zipper, and you will have no knots. Same story if you put them in your pocket. Just leave the ends sticking out of the pocket and you get no knots.

@blablablablablabla6835 7 ай бұрын

You sir are legendary. I read ur comment when this video reach exactly 3:46 minutes. I tried this today when you post this, an entire day I follow ur instructions (I have a retro tape walkman) trying to have a walk the entire day in my town, visiting a caffe, meeting friends, work outside, bringing 4 cassette album from 2 legendary musician Daft Punk and Santana. And not a single accident of tangled knots occurred. Bless you for ur wisdom. Now I can resuming to watch this video to completion. Much love from Indonesia. 🎉🎉

@Skobeloff_Phoenix 6 ай бұрын

I was going to comment something like "imagine not using wireless" But although I myself use wireless, even as the annoying internet troll that I often am, I just simply cannot deny the absolute genius of this.

@entropymaster2012 6 ай бұрын

Proof: As was explained, if the knot does not involve the ends it is an unknot!!

@kephalopod3054 6 ай бұрын

Or maybe you find not.

@Skobeloff_Phoenix 6 ай бұрын

@@kephalopod3054 I think what you meant to say was: "Or maybe you find KNOT" I'll show myself out now....

@priyamohan 8 ай бұрын

In southern India, everyday women create knot diagrams called 'Kolam' in their front porches . The more complicated the knotting the more skilled the person drawing it. This video is when I realized that many such Kolams are actually super complicated, challenging to create, un-knots! So cool to know there is a whole sub branch of math around this! Unknowingly it sounds like these women have been practicing Reidemeister moves on a daily basis in attempts to create ever more complicated knot diagrams! And instead of the p-colourability, these Kolams care more about the areas between the loops which are denoted by simple points. The points are actually laid out first and the knot emerges as a line diagram around them .

@PMA_ReginaldBoscoG 8 ай бұрын

Are you a math professor?

@nichiyes26 8 ай бұрын

That's super interesting. Now I have to go read more about what those women are doing and what they know. But also, the description in your last paragraph sounds just like how my knot theory research represents the knots with graphs (graph theory kind), nodes representing the loops and the lines represent crossings. I wouldn't be surprised if someone in math academia lifted the ideas from the Kolams.

@PMA_ReginaldBoscoG 8 ай бұрын

@@nichiyes26 exactly what I thought

@saurav406 8 ай бұрын

Thanks for sharing... 🇮🇳❤

@akarshitdhiman7618 8 ай бұрын

bro whattt......!

@Astromamut 11 күн бұрын

People from Gordion: That's knot how you're supposed to do it. Alexander: I do knot care.

@Miolnir3 5 ай бұрын

17:34 I lost track on the 5-colorable with this image showing only 4 colors

@ralphxu2422 8 ай бұрын

I’m so glad that veritasium is making more and more math videos.

@TotalDrganMania 8 ай бұрын

Repent to these nuts in your mouth@@repentandbelieveinJesusChrist2

@LetMeSoloYKS 8 ай бұрын

@@repentandbelieveinJesusChrist2Jesus is a femboy and screams uwu all over the place

@derpyslurp8779 8 ай бұрын

@@repentandbelieveinJesusChrist2this literally has nothing to do with religion nor does it deny it. In fact, it's kind of like admiring the beautiful universe God created and its intricacies.

@esomos_org 8 ай бұрын

@@repentandbelieveinJesusChrist2you managed to comment the least interesting topic for this comment section.

@rraaiin 8 ай бұрын

@@repentandbelieveinJesusChrist2 i want to enter jesus' gates 🥵😫😩😳

@cdenn016 8 ай бұрын

My great aunt (Mary Gertrude haseman) was one of the founders of knot theory (after tait) (incidently her brother got his ph.d under Hilbert). She worked out a subset of 12 crossings in the early 1900w. After ph.d she became a housewife and knots were ignored until around the 80s mostly

@wyvern4597 8 ай бұрын

broooo thats so crazyyy

@314calls 8 ай бұрын

Wow I've heard about her , so cool man😁

@NoNameUswr 8 ай бұрын

hey I have a question is someone willing to answer it?

@IvanTube0 8 ай бұрын

@@NoNameUswrdont ask to ask

@VivekYadav-ds8oz 8 ай бұрын

Do you ever have Impostor Syndrome or feel pressure to do better or on par with your ancestors? Very cool family tree you've got there but I know I would've felt depressed trying to live up to it.

@michaeljohn8905 3 ай бұрын

This is amazing Im so glad I watched this till the end to see what it could be used for. It’s a lot to digest and I have a certain problem concentrating but I made it. Thank you for posting.

@DamienDrapeau 2 ай бұрын

I have no idea how you make these subjects fascinating but it is working flawlessly

@espygaming5101 8 ай бұрын

Just to avoid potential confusion for those folks moving to a squar knot for tying their shoes, its actually isnt just clockwise or counter clock wise, it depends on how the first overhand knot you make is tied, whether its the left side going over then under or vice versa. It also depends on if you make the loop on the left or right side. So check to look if it actually appears like a squar knot to confirm.

@kevinj9059 8 ай бұрын

Bingo! It was so frustrating the Derick didn't say this. Now people that were tying their shoes correctly may end up listening to his advice and getting granny's.

@anders.hovmoller 8 ай бұрын

I cringed every time :(

@Fredman2410 8 ай бұрын

I'm left-handed, and was congratulating myself because my second knot was correct, then realized that my first wasn't. I have a reverse granny!

@wmlindley 8 ай бұрын

I find the simplest way to remember is to the first half "forwards" and the second half "backwards." a/k/a right-over-left, then left-over-right.

@kostnis 8 ай бұрын

THIS!

@Icecicle83 8 ай бұрын

This video changed my life. I don’t have to double knot my shoes now. I tied them the other way and they didn’t come undone all 12 hours running around at work. Amazing.

@RichardG.S. 8 ай бұрын

Bro same. Now i dont have to tie my shoe every 100m 😂

@misterz7951 8 ай бұрын

Same here 😂

@RandomUser2401 8 ай бұрын

both methods are just double-knots, and nobody here knots their shoes this way at all

@mam0lechinookclan607 8 ай бұрын

My knots wont open since 2021, i just slip in and out of the shoes. I have won in life.

@dfmayes 8 ай бұрын

I have demonstrated to a friend that his shoes are tied wrong and how to correct it, but he refuses to tie them correctly. 😫

@gordonrobbins5559 3 ай бұрын

I really enjoyed this video. Knots have fascinated me from childhood. I figured out on my own how to tie certain knots that amazed and frustrated others. I especially liked making varieties of slip knots because people would be trying to figure it out, and I would pull and the complex knot would vanish like a magic trick. And I would laugh and evil laugh. I was a weird kid.

@sayantanmukherjee8198 5 ай бұрын

This is the most complicated video I've ever watched in this channel. I didn't Understand much but after seeing that our everyday knot can be so interesting to great scientific minds I get excited. 😯

@franciscovarela7127 8 ай бұрын

My initial reaction was "So what? I wear slip-on shoes.". I then became slightly interested by the mathematics underlying knot theory and ended up floored by the practical applications of this area of study. An excellent video as always.

@mrmicro22 8 ай бұрын

I recommend spray on shoes.

@rationalactor 8 ай бұрын

Velcro

@TimeBucks 8 ай бұрын

Very informative and entertaining!!

@islahehukumat-gz8rg 8 ай бұрын

Nice

@FahadMalik-rm7ik 8 ай бұрын

Nice

@jiteshkhyani4371 8 ай бұрын

Nice

@fredrickkipyegon6322 8 ай бұрын

👍

@robinsononate87 8 ай бұрын

Good

@user-tn8yy5lg6r 4 ай бұрын

Thanks for what you do. This is insanely informative and well presented.. Very informative and entertaining!!.

@BresciGaetano 28 күн бұрын

I'm not a matematician with fine expertise on knots... but i know something about storage of audio matherial. I could clearly hear those hearbud's chord screaming for mercy! The first thing you want to avoid is twisting cables, that's why it is most commonly stored in circular or "8" shape takeing care to gently twist it between your finger while coiling up so the core is kept straight. To prevent further mess there are chord holders or just use some tape. Confineing in a restricted area as a bag is a good advice anyway.

@Jahmaan 8 ай бұрын

Making something as potentially boring as knot-theory interesting is no small feat. You, sir, are simply a truly gifted educator.

@AkamiChannel 8 ай бұрын

Knot theory is interesting. It may have important connections with quantum field theory and unifying physics.

@Hanstein. 8 ай бұрын

except those are not knot

@mischadebrouwer9855 8 ай бұрын

Nevertheless, I fell asleep very quickly while watching this video.

@kapoioBCS 8 ай бұрын

Knot theory is anything except boring ffs

@brownie3454 8 ай бұрын

he’s not an educator he’s a salesman

@job3ztah447 8 ай бұрын

As a knitter and never heard of this is so fascinating. As someone who hated math but use basic arithmetic for knitting; but this field of math wants me advanced my math knowledge and thinking.

@Sniearrs 8 ай бұрын

right! i do crochet but when he mentioned slip knots I pointed at the screen and said "oh I know that one!"

@user-is8pq6we9v 8 ай бұрын

zzz

@Ostrolphant 8 ай бұрын

@@SniearrsI guess crochet (other than any terminating knot) is just one big unknot!

@JesmondBeeBee 8 ай бұрын

@@OstrolphantI was just thinking that. Crochet, many knots but also unknot.

@xzavaire1 8 ай бұрын

Ayye what up my knitta

@CryptoIncursion 2 ай бұрын

Working with paracord while i watch this. Ive been so obsessed with learning new knots lately so this vid hits the spot, and may explain why people like me find them so fascinating.

@lilelly16 3 ай бұрын

Ending the video with this quote was immensely satisfying and tied (!) everything together so elegantly.

@anoirbentanfous 2 ай бұрын

Absolutely! Well noticed by you and that's a great pun noticed by me

@cameronschyuder9034 Ай бұрын

That ending quote was quite inspirational - a great mood lifter and motivator to pursue knowledge

@lasagnahog7695 8 ай бұрын

Oh man, I got excited when Conway showed up. It's fascinating every where and every time he shows up. In this one he just pops in, does something in an afternoon that no one had done before and then we don't hear from him anymore. I'm very grateful for all the footage we have of him.

@soyokou.2810 8 ай бұрын

He was a true polymath albeit mainly in math

@endruv_2287 8 ай бұрын

I said out loud "Yeah! Conway! Let's go!"

@ericaeli3807 8 ай бұрын

He died of Covid :(

@TheQuicksilver115 8 ай бұрын

Conway is one of the most brilliant minds to ever walk the earth 🙌

@ericaeli3807 8 ай бұрын

@@TheQuicksilver115 his game of life, for me, put the lid on the coffin of Creationism

@scottrobes5985 8 ай бұрын

I was very surprised when Derek, a scientist, missed a very important piece of the shoe tying equation. You would only tie your shoes (bows) clockwise if you first tied the base knot counter clockwise, otherwise you are just tying a "lefthanded" granny knot. Clockwise or counter clockwise makes no difference, a proper knot involves one of each. Eg. left over right + right over left = good knot. You can't just finish correctly if you've started wrong in the first place.

@faroukhashim3862 8 ай бұрын

It's possible he presumed a certain start condition for the sake of clarity. A,B or B,A but not A,A or B,B

@TimurIskhodzhanov 8 ай бұрын

Exactly! When I learned about square vs granny knots, it was actually easier for me to flip the base knot than the final knot motion.

@FedericoMattiello 8 ай бұрын

Thanks, I was looking for this comment. Might be confusing otherwise.

@timweber4605 8 ай бұрын

I knew the difference between a granny knot and a square knot as a kid. In college, a girlfriend pointed out that I was tying my shoes with a granny knot - that was a real blow to my manhood. I couldn’t seem to change how I tied the top knot, but it was relatively easy to change the bottom knot and now I try my shoes with a square knot even though I did not change how I actually tie the bunny ear part.

@douglaswolfen7820 8 ай бұрын

@@faroukhashim3862except that's only clearer if everyone else assumes the same starting position. And that can be pretty bad communication if you don't make the starting position clear A week or so after people watch this, they're not going to remember the details of the diagrams or the animations, but they'll remember that he said that clockwise knots stay together better than anticlockwise knots. That's not a great lesson to teach, IMHO, not without the clarification

@laurenk7688 2 ай бұрын

Your video was literally amazing. Thank you for sharing such incredible knowledge. After watching your video, I got interested in the relationship between the knot theory and materials in chemistry. So I tried to find some more about it, but it was hard. Could you recommend some good resources/researches/websites/articles or whatever related to it? Thank you in advance!

@runninggag 4 ай бұрын

The square knot you showed towards the end is (at least in Germany) used in Firefighting. Its main Use is to connect two ropes together because it pulls itself tighter when pressure is applied

@ThorstenStaerk 8 ай бұрын

Veritasium always makes a knot into my brain with his genius explanations, but I did not expect it to be literally about knots.

@EEEEEEEE 8 ай бұрын

E‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎

@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721 8 ай бұрын

But maybe your brain is actually an unknot.

@ThorstenStaerk 8 ай бұрын

@@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721 lol this would explain why I don't know understand your comment

@philotomybaar 8 ай бұрын

As a contractor and a math enthusiast, I quickly learned that isolating the two free ends of a long extension cord would make any wrapping process into an unknot. Many of us know the braid, which I believe is a type of sailor’s way of keeping a rope from tangling. I also knew IT people who’d use similar strategies for long cat-5 cables. It would be interesting to me to see how tradespeople and sailors had long ago “discovered” these theories by trial and error. Incidentally, I’ve tied my shoes with a square knot since I was a teenager, and my young kids know the difference between the granny and square. When they try to teach their friends they’re usually met with blank stares. 😂

@posteluxducxions7531 8 ай бұрын

Chain Sinnet ;)

@estranhokonsta 8 ай бұрын

Great video as usual from this channel, but sometimes he does make some more controversial proposals. His idea at 31:23 of twisting the headphone cables are kind weird to me. It is the last thing i would do at work to avoid knots in a electrical cable. Just imagine how much the wires inside the cable will suffer with everyday twist and untwist. The control of the ends of the cable and a good "snug space" to keep it should be the main priorities, to which each of us will add their own learned experience.

@7890tom7890 8 ай бұрын

@@estranhokonstathe practicality within certain contexts is questionable when other properties need to be preserved, like stress on an electrical cable, nonetheless, whatever works with the minimal applied work/force is the definition of mastery in a given domain. Some task may require these higher level of application, so judge each task as individual and use as little skill as required to achieve the desired outcome. A simple metaphor I use is Jimi Hendrix's guitar playing style, effect the maximum amount of change, with the minimum work required, the graph at the end of the video (the knots in a box experiment) outlines a representation of the point of diminishing returns.

@lastloke 8 ай бұрын

@@7890tom7890a rudimentary explanation I believe is required at this point in order for most of the others to be able to keep up and utilize the information with which you were projecting for them to necessarily come up with the plan for them to have the same kind of outcome that is beneficial to themselves that previously wasn't necessarily beneficial to them based on the Simplicity of the explanation of such programming however there are ones that will be able to interpret to them later down the road I'm sure so hopefully the commentary at this point is in a complete loss but will be remembered and click in someday.

@brcoutme 8 ай бұрын

Huh in the Boy Scouts around here every kid learns and teaches the difference between square and granny knots at the most basic levels. It's all over the literature and even symbology in scouts, I thought it was pretty universal. Although, turns out that tying the 'sheet bend' is much stronger in many circumstances, there are some where it can not be used and the square knot can still shine.

@movingparticle3835 2 ай бұрын

You should really make a video on how you make videos. Each time I'm most stunned how easy it is to follow the logic. Chapeau!

@movingparticle3835 2 ай бұрын

I'm a teacher and this is a problem I'm struggling with each and every day. And I'm not even a native speaker.

@brandon24816 6 ай бұрын

Thank you for the continuation of education!

@mriswith88 7 ай бұрын

20:50 In grad school I took a class with Jozef Przytycki on Graph Theory and Knots, and he was also on my oral exam committee. It's so cool to see him pop up in a Veritasium video! This has to be one of the best, if not THE best, video on knot theory on KZfaq. Amazing job as always, Veritasium!

@brokenjet6134 6 ай бұрын

That's awesome

@_dread 8 ай бұрын

0:00 Intro 0:24 Knot Theory 1:17 What is a knot? 3:40 Knot equivalence problem 4:32 Other famous knots in history 5:20 Vortex theory of the atom 8:25 On Knots paper (the first seven order of knottiness) 9:52 Reidemeister Moves 10:51 Haken’s Unknot Theorem (and upper bound and crossing number) 13:01 Knot invariant 14:13 Tricolorability 16:37 p-colorability (and polynomials) 21:34 Perko pair 22:32 n-crossings knots 24:21 Molecular knots 28:31 How You Should Knot Your Shoes :) 29:40 Doug Smith & Dorian Raymer experiments 32:00 Knot Theory's Potential 33:15 Outro (and video sponsor Brilliant)

@himx_3 8 ай бұрын

Bro please tell me how to knot my shoe clockwise or anti clockwise

@_dread 8 ай бұрын

28:31 ^_^@@himx_3

@esiarpze7908 8 ай бұрын

thanks!

@marupinto9390 8 ай бұрын

Thanks

@bonnzy1 8 ай бұрын

You forgot @ 6:37 the bong on the windowsill

@threeriversforge1997 5 күн бұрын

This is why everyone should have a copy of the Ashley Book of Knots in their library. Study 'marlinspike seamanship' for even a few days, and you quickly see how important knots are, and how seemingly complex knots are often just simple knots built upon each other. Clifford Ashley was documenting knots before knots were cool!

@swapstaps 2 ай бұрын

As always, I learn so much from your videos. Thank you for sharing!

@briansmyth5291 8 ай бұрын

The fix for turning your granny knots into reef knots is really simple. When you start to tie your shoes, pay attention to which lace you place over the other. This is a habitual action and people do it the same way every time. If your habit is to start by placing your left lace over the right, simply reverse that step, go right over left instead. Then just finish tying your knot the same way you always do. Your hopeless granny knot will become a perfect reel knot. It may take a few times of consciously reversing that initial step, but it will quickly become your new habit and your shoes will never come untied again.

@EEEEEEEE 8 ай бұрын

‎E‎ ‎

@susanivy3619 8 ай бұрын

Your E comments are getting E-nnoying.@@EEEEEEEE

@crowlsyong 8 ай бұрын

I’ve been a rock climber for over five years and this was a great video. I’ve spent a lot of time wondering about knot mechanics. and you spent a lot of time explaining knots, and I really appreciate that. I learned a lot.

@DNA9099 8 ай бұрын

I too, learned a knot.

@marcbeek1619 3 ай бұрын

Excellent video as always. I'm pretty much always learning something new in every video you make, thank you for that. Now about the tying you shoelaces bit......The clock-wise or counter-clock-wise way isn't really the point. Let me explain. When tying your shoelaces what you essentially are doing is tying a two knots. But by not pulling any further at the point where the loops are about as long as the remainder of the shoelaces you end up with the laces in a nice looking bow. Continue to pull the loops all the way until the end of the laces are through and you'll have made either a granny knot or a square knot, and are left with long shoe laces again. Whether you'l have to go clock-wise or not when tying the bow-bit actually depends on the first knot you've tied. Like you explain in the video around 29:15, in essence you wanna ty a square knot because that doesn't loosen up as easy. When tying a normal square knot you go Left over Right and then Right over Left, or vice versa. As long as you counter the first knot when making the second knot you'll end up with a square knot. So depending on how you tie the first knot, let's say the base for the bow-part, you need to go clock-wise or counter-clock-wise with the bit that forms the bow-part in order to get a square knot at the end. If during your day you have to tie your she's again you'll will have made a granny knot the first time which loosens up while you are walking. Once again thanks for the all you have taught me in all of your videos.

@UselesStranger 9 күн бұрын

This is amazing. I am extremely happy, that this video found me today. I've loved knots since childhood. I was tieing knots and drawing them in my album for hours, I've tried to compare and replicate them. Is there any books abouts knots? I really want to explore its mathematic and scientific side

@literalphoton 8 ай бұрын

when I was six and extremely bored, I had a habit of tying hair bands into as many knot combinations as I could think of. I also realized that they behaved differently than if I tied a knot with a normal string, and I've always been curious to find out why. This was super informative and kept my attention the whole way through, great video!

@circuit10 8 ай бұрын

So if you never broke the bands I guess they would all be unknots?

@EEEEEEEE 8 ай бұрын

E‎ ‎

@literalphoton 8 ай бұрын

Facts@@EEEEEEEE

@Maninae 8 ай бұрын

Knot theory, and particularly the Alexander- and Jones polynomials, were my first foray into mathematics research in 2013. So happy to see algebraic topology getting a spotlight on your channel, and the incredible applications!

@mr.e-machine Ай бұрын

For the shoe tying thing it's about the direction of tension applied to the knot vs the direction the knot tightens or loosens upon

@rutujabadle5644 2 күн бұрын

Untangling and unknotting has always been my fav hobby since i was a kid cuz its so much intellectually stimulating for me, but i always thought that this interest is the most useless thing about me. But recently I started making macrame again, and my interest was piqued, again, thats what led me to this video….. its a beautiful explanation, tysm❤️

@integercyclolcyc 8 ай бұрын

when you realise there is not an impostor at 27:49...

@jbellfield 8 ай бұрын

You might like Polymatter, did a video on the economy of Delaware and gift cards the other day.

@savagepro9060 8 ай бұрын

He has a research team, come on!

@rasmusturkka480 8 ай бұрын

@@savagepro9060 I really love how he finds out these facts all by himself while his research teams claims all the credit

@Roid33 8 ай бұрын

I don't know how someone can make a half hour long video about knots and still make it entertaining but he does it anyway, also toilet gang

@diegomondaca7321 8 ай бұрын

Essential craftsman has a good video o knots and string for construction use but this is far more detailed

@Watchdog_McCoy_5.7x28 8 ай бұрын

It's not whether you counter clockwise or clockwise tie the knot. It depends on the first step and whatever way you cross the strings, it must be the opposite in the second step.

@YoeyYutch 8 ай бұрын

Plus if you've been tying granny knots your whole life, it's easier to reverse the first step. It's a tad clumsier to reverse the bow.

@magnushultgrenhtc 8 ай бұрын

@@YoeyYutchExactly what I did in my very late twenties after realising why my shoelaces didn’t want to stay in place across the shoe. ("Have I been doing it wrong for twenty years? Yes, I have.") When you learn to tie your shoes, it's going to be mostly random if you happen to start doing it wrong or not.

@UA.Kharkiv 8 ай бұрын

Also use this technique for 10 years

@nicholascurran1734 8 ай бұрын

Upvote

@jowjor 8 ай бұрын

and you know you succeeded if the two loops are parallel to the laces.

@audinayt 10 күн бұрын

Thank you for making such good videos guys it’s like my attention span length is getting better than ever

@TheDoc73 4 ай бұрын

One of the most interesting videos I've seen in a long time. Frankly, the math goes WAY over my head. I'm not nearly studied enough to understand the polynomial equations, at least. Still, the premise is so intriguing for the fact that it proves with math that there are true answers to a seemingly impossible question. And, honestly, if there was ever an application for which quantum computers are best suited, this may just be the one. But what would be even more exciting is if they can't solve for very large prime knots. Because the equations which form them could become the basis of future encryption the way large prime numbers are today.

@dereklush9399 8 ай бұрын

Its honestly incredible how much your videos have improved in recent years

@manolismarinakis8444 8 ай бұрын

Tip to get used to tying shoe laces stronger: don't change the complex movement that finishes the tying, but the first simple knot. The effect is the same Happy side effect of the secure knot is that the loops stay perfectly perpendicular to the shoe so it's also prettier

@richardjones38 8 ай бұрын

The added advantage is that when you untie your shoe laces, as long as they're not too short, the 1st knot can often remain tied for next time, so you don't have to remember to tie the 1st part 'backwards' relative to what you've spent all your life doing - just tie the 2nd part which requires the more complex movement as you've always done.

@manolismarinakis8444 8 ай бұрын

@@richardjones38 sadly my laces are short(or I have to undo them in hiking boots) but after a short amount of time, even though the first knot still feels "backwards" I do it without thinking it

@MmmVomit 8 ай бұрын

I find the easiest way to tie a square knot in my shoe laces is to use the "bunny ears" method, where the second knot is just an overhand knot of two loops. Then, tying your shoes is just two overhand knots. Make sure to tie the two overhand knots in opposite directions, and you've got your square knot.

@richardjones38 8 ай бұрын

@@manolismarinakis8444 I spent a couple of months trying to teach myself to tie the 2nd part of the knot 'backwards', but still regularly kept tying it the way I always have. This was when wearing boots in the winter, so I had to re-tie both parts each time. Then when the summer came around and I wore lighter shoes I noticed I often left the 1st part tied without even thinking. I guess my Vans just had the right length laces, so reversing the 1st part if the knot effectively 'lasts longer' between my forgetting and tying it the way I've always done. Once I wear boots in the winter again it'll be interesting to see how often I forget and tie it the old way!

@my_dear_friend_ 8 ай бұрын

So, the version where the bow tends to aligne lengthwise with the shoe is the less secure one?

@Knight3rrant 7 күн бұрын

We need a follow-up video on what all this knot theory means regarding conquering the practical, real-world, problem of detangling a mess of wire/rope/line the most efficient way possible.

@epikoof Ай бұрын

that graph showing how many knots that certain prople discovered kept blowing my mind over and over again when more people were added

@trunghungpham9414 8 ай бұрын

I’m surprised that knot theory - a branch of math that is “knot” so easy to understand- can be explained so well! Mad respect

@voidstarq 8 ай бұрын

"Hey, what is @veritasium's new video about?" "Knot Theory." "Cool, neither is mine."

@commenter8640 7 ай бұрын

As a budding molecular biologist, I know think that it is essential and indeed impossible to venture into the field without having a thorough grasp of knot theory first. Thanks Veritasium, truly eye-opening.

@SmallMouseBigField 2 ай бұрын

I will save this to watch later. It is late, and I am knot following along very well.

@mantacid1221 Ай бұрын

I’m actually working in this area of study right now! There’s more to it as well: in 1996 one Dr. Kauffman invented virtual knot theory to generalize knot invariants to knots embedded in surfaces of arbitrary genus, allowing for knots whose gauss codes (the invariants he was studying) could not exist in 3-dimensional Cartesian space. In short, This is an exciting field of mathematics, precisely because it’s so novel.

@juancuelloespinosa 8 ай бұрын

I love how often seemingly trivial intellectual pursuits lead to great discoveries

@SinHurr 8 ай бұрын

Dreaming of a time when more people have the luxury of idle thoughts, that we may stumble into more greatness in the future.

@calholli 8 ай бұрын

I have one for you: What causes phase change? We know that water freezes at 32" F.. but Why? Figure that one out and you create a whole new field of science.

@juancuelloespinosa 8 ай бұрын

@SinHurr that's been the benefit of technology since the beginning. You no longer have to manually till the land. just have an ox/tractor help you That's how the field of philosophy, and then science, emerged

@juancuelloespinosa 8 ай бұрын

@@calholli idk if I'm misunderstanding your question, but that sounds like the states of matter

@Szajba1762 8 ай бұрын

@@juancuelloespinosa I think his point was that when scientists asked the question "What causes phase change? We know that water freezes at 32" F.. but Why?" (As in changes trough/into states of matter for given materials), and they really tried to get to the bottom of it, they basically "Created a whole new field of science".

@DeuxisWasTaken 8 ай бұрын

The shoes tying direction changes depending on how you tie the first half of the knot. The upper one must be a different direction than the lower one to form a square knot. This is one of the first things even amateur freshwater sailors learn - you do not want the rigging that holds your big strong sails and heavy pipes they are attached to unwinding because you tied a granny knot. Besides that great video!

@VonOzbourne 8 ай бұрын

Figured I'd look to see if anyone else picked up on this. As someone who always went clockwise, [I never learned the "bunny ears" method either] I never realized that it was supposed to be "better". But as it turned out, I had to slow down and pay attention to notice that I also instinctively do the first knot "backwards", meaning I usually just do a mirror of his granny knot. Probably [k]not going to be able to break that muscle memory after all these years of doing it one way, but it's interesting to note that doing the second knot anti-clockwise might help my boot technique. [which is usually just using longer laces and tying a third reversed knot anyway]

@eyesoars9212 8 ай бұрын

Color me highly skeptical of the idea that the square knot is "better" than the granny knot. The reef knot or square knot has several bad properties, including that it can capsize and separate (come untied spontaneously, by capsizing to a cow knot and a straight section), it doesn't hold well with different size or stiff ropes (many knots have this unfortunate property). And it's absolutely a terrible knot when used as a bend (to tie two ropes together).

@killerbee.13 8 ай бұрын

@@eyesoars9212 Regardless of the square knot being bad at most non-shoe jobs, that doesn't mean another knot can't be even worse. In fact there are probably hundreds of knots you could theoretically tie in shoelaces that would be even worse than even the granny knot in one way or another. The granny knot is definitely worse; if I ever happen to tie the bottom half of a shoelace knot backwards then the top (which I always tie in the same direction out of habit) will come undone potentially as often as once every couple minutes, regardless of how tightly I tie it, until I fully untie and retie the bottom half, after which the knot often lasts the entire day. The difference in symmetry makes the difference between a stable knot and a self-loosening knot and this is a well-known effect. In fact before I knew about the granny knot, I would fairly often tie my left shoe as a granny knot and my right shoe as a square knot, and for many years I wondered why one shoe came untied so much more often than the other. This stopped after I learned about the difference and switched to using the Ian knot (actually a method, it's still the same knot) which is slightly more comfortable to tie as a square knot and that helps a bit to remember. You can also tell the difference because the two twists being in the same direction tends to cause the granny knot to take on an overall twist, with the free ends oriented perpendicular instead of in-line. And of course shoes are a very specific application of knots, and other than capsizing the problems you named simply don't matter. Unless I suppose maybe you glued two different sizes of highly stiff cord to the different sides of your shoes and tie a zeppelin bend to hold them together, instead of using a single flexible lace with a shoelace knot like everyone else.

@JSBax 8 ай бұрын

I found it hard to believe he made the error once, let alone twice! It's an odd error to make in a maths video

@RobbyMaddox 8 ай бұрын

@Am1kke Thank you for pointing this out. When he was explaining it, I was like "Derek was obviously never in the Scouts! LMAO" The clockwise/counter-clockwise distinction doesn't make any sense without saying what direction the first crossing was in. Another annoyance with this is how wrong the thumbnail is. It shows a loop (the UN-KNOT) and says that it's a KNOT and then shows a standard "pretzel" shape and says that it is NOT a knot, even though it is really a trefoil with one end cut (or not taped together). It's like whoever created the thumbnail either didn't understand what the video was about or just deliberately showed misleading and incorrect information in order to get people to click the video...

@YanTales 6 ай бұрын

What a rollercoaster of emotions this video has been.

@robertc.7167 6 күн бұрын

Great video, as usual. Minor note, 26:54 shows a paramecium, which is a eukaryotic single-celled organism, not a bacterium. It is unlikely that medically useful quinolones would affect a paramecium since their topoisomerases are likely to be more similar to ours than to bacterial topoisomerases.

@snookerkingexe 8 ай бұрын

The research for your videos must be absolutely insane! Not to mention figuring out and understand those scientific papers to really break it down for us

@diederikvandedijk 8 ай бұрын

It doesn't matter wether you tie shoe laces clockwise or counter clockwise around the loop. It all depends on the direction of the first trefoil.

@mathematicacivilis 8 ай бұрын

Correct. When tying the square knot, a good practical method is to choose one of the strands to be your working end. Now, if this working end goes over (under) in the first overhand knot, then it must also go over (under) in the second overhand knot. After the knot is tied, the two strands are coming out together from the "side loops", that is, both go under on one side and both go over on the opposite side. Obviously, this is much harder to put into words then to just show it with a bit of rope 😅

@martinklein9489 8 ай бұрын

Just take care that the bows are lying flat after tying and not at an angle to the laces. If not ... repeat until they do ;)

@unacuentadeyoutube13 8 ай бұрын

@@clayz1you've said the same as the guy in the video, which is wrong. The first knot will give you two ends, obviously, one pointing towards you and the other pointing the other way. After that knot you have to keep those ends on the same side, moving them in a paralel way towards the center, without crossing the first knot. Then you only go over the first knot when you tie your second knot, and you've got a perfect, beautiful square knot

@dwayne_draws 8 ай бұрын

I keep it real simple and just tie the second knot in the direction that's uncomfortable to tie.

@diederikvandedijk 8 ай бұрын

@@clayz1 you can tie a square knot in two ways: starting left over right, ending right over left is one way. Starting right over left, ending left over right is the other way and results in the mirror image of the first way. One way is clockwise, the other way is counter clockwise around the loop. The same is true for granny knots, only the first and second trefoil are both in the same direction in stead of different directions.

@Otaku2803 6 ай бұрын

Reminds me of the lesson on DNA supercoiling and gyrase I had in bio class recently

@0biwan7 2 ай бұрын

the square vs granny thing also applies to tying a jacket around the waist. if you do the overhands in the same direction you get a granny knot that works loose. i did this for years and had to keep tightening the knot. but if you do the overhands in opposite directions you get the square/reef knot which won't work loose.

@charlieRcarter 8 ай бұрын

Derek got it wrong in the very beginning. The two ways of tying your shoe don’t have to do with clockwise or counterclockwise. It has to do with if you do the second crossing in the same direction or not. So like if you did the first crossing clockwise, do the loop part counter clockwise to keep the knot balanced and torques low. You can also do the first crossing counter clockwise if you want instead, as long as you do the opposite on the loop part. It will be just as strong.

@kd7wrc 8 ай бұрын

I was thinking the same thing! Glad someone else mentioned it!

@joshisacommonname 8 ай бұрын

He very clearly explains this in the video.

@donkyhotay4583 8 ай бұрын

I really liked how this video shows the benefits of "knowledge for knowledge's sake". That something with no obvious practical application can be worked on for centuries, and suddenly a breakthrough happens that turns the previously "useless" knowledge into something potentially world changing.

@warriorscholar41 6 ай бұрын

I've been telling my students since forever that "no knowledge is wasted"

@michaelknight4041 4 ай бұрын

Ever heard the one about the rope who really wanted a drink but when he finally found a bar the bartender said, "Sorry buddy we dont serve ropes in this bar" So the rope goes outside messes up his hair and ties himself in a knot. When he went back in the bar and ordered a drink the bartender said, "hey buddy aren't you rope?" The rope said, "No, Im a frayed knot!" 😊

@TheMarkEH 4 ай бұрын

I was enthralled by this presentation.

@duck8735 3 ай бұрын

Bro, don't try to make yourself look smart and "humbling" yourself.

@supercruchynoodle 2 ай бұрын

Rude!

@vx8952 8 ай бұрын

I never knew knots would be so complicated and diverse in use! It is great to learn about their different uses and I am excited to see what the future could bring for knots!

@tramnguyenduy954 8 ай бұрын

@shubashuba9209 8 ай бұрын

It's amazing how mathematicians are able to take such abstract concepts like knots and mathematically describe them such that you can perform operations on them and write code to discover them.

@vectoralphaAI 8 ай бұрын

At the end of the day everything is mathematics. Reality itself is just math happening so it makes sense that anything even knots can be represented mathematically.

@kimbonguno4741 2 ай бұрын

The Tricolouribility move to solve some part of the knot problem was just genuinely genius

@micahstewart1254 Ай бұрын

Haha I’ve been using that headphone trick since I figured it out in high school and was very happy about it! Cool to know there’s so much intricate theory behind it!

@eduardodionisiobenedetti8846 8 ай бұрын

OMG it is uncredible that something so "common" like a knot would help us to develop ENORMOUS changes in science and technology like that. That's the reason I love science.

@galoisdeer2660 6 ай бұрын

A buddy of mine is studying knots in projective spaces, called like “knots in the shadow world”; he explained that you can’t necessarily get a well defined projection onto the plane for them (over/under crossings could be the same so you don’t really get a “drawing” of the knot in way that works well).

@lemurpotatoes7988 3 ай бұрын

Is the idea to see how much additional information you need to specify to recover the original knot from its projection?

@JP-iq8td Ай бұрын

This is a good start. I suppose there need be one more input to determine if: over/under. The knot(plot) thickens...

@lemurpotatoes7988 Ай бұрын

It reminds me of the vague bits I know of in spectral matrix theory.

@Kaiveran 19 күн бұрын

Does this have anything to do with virtual knot theory? There's similar things going on where they draw knots on non-simply connected surfaces of genus 1+2, which can't be "translated" to the plane without virtual crossings.

@galoisdeer2660 16 күн бұрын

@@Kaiveran I’m not sure tbh, but I suspect not.

@BJ52091 4 ай бұрын

I move for a series of trading cards that catalog all of the prime knots as shown in this video. You can get the unknot and trefoil knot cards as Commons, and a 17-crossing knot as a Super-Rare. Trade them at your local comic-book store.

@araxietyne 4 ай бұрын

Only at 13:10 so idk if they are already get to this, but I’m thinking that if you just label one crossing as 1, the next as 2, so on and so forth; sort of treating it like a sequence of crossings. you can eliminate the number of crossings by going through the three rightamiester wtv processes to reduce each crossing to simply a non overlapping line that connects the two crosses next to it. Once you’ve done that to each crossing you should know how many true crossings you have, and as they’re already all in a sequence, you can just go along the sequence to mark the type of crossing they are to determine wether they are different knots from another. Edit: example Triknot - triquetra would have 3 true crossings and you could label them binarily as 101, or 010 depending on if you start at the top of a crossing or the bottom. To simplify maybe always start on the top of a crossing but I haven’t thought about all the difference and if there are any, could be beneficial to consider both startings as possible in any knots to be compared. if any two knots have the same number of crossings and their binary sequence can be matched up identically, than they are the same knot. I wonder if a top starting knot sequence could match up with a bottom starting knot sequence but then each knots opposite start couldn’t match to eachother, that certainly couldn’t make sense if all crossings were true but I’m not trying to think about allat

@rustygardhouse7895 8 ай бұрын

The reef knot is one of the easiest knots to untie one handed. Grabbing one end and giving it a sharp jerk turns the other end into a hitch which slides off thestanding end. It's why it's used to reef sails; you can keep to the old adage: one hand for the ship, the other for you.

@henrikoldcorn 8 ай бұрын

Can you tie it one handed effectively? I can sort of loop two ropes and end up with a reef, but it won’t keep the rope taut, so it’ll be tied slack.

@martinnyberg6553 8 ай бұрын

31:24 For every twist you introduce, you also introduce forces that will eventually snap the thin conductor inside. That's why you should not coil an electrical cable, or a braided climbing rope, like you coil a 3- or 4-strand rope. For your headphones, just doubling and redoubling them to a convenient length and then putting a clothespeg on them is just as efficient and gives you more use from them before you break them. 😊

@MmmVomit 8 ай бұрын

A method I use is to wind my headphones in a figure eight. I don't remember where I heard about this, but since doing this, I can carry around my headphones in one of my backpack pockets without them getting tangled.

@saltygenes 8 ай бұрын

Twisting. Exactly, not tying. Tying produces knots. Twisting don't.

@DavidFrostbite 8 ай бұрын

over under roadie wrap

@Watchdog_McCoy_5.7x28 8 ай бұрын

@MmmVomit i use wireless and don't worry about a knotted mess of wires whatsoever.

@theondono 8 ай бұрын

Or you can learn to properly coil cables, something pretty much every audio technician get taught. By introducing opposing twists, the cable doesn’t accumulate axial torque. It saves the cable from trouble and it greatly reduces knotting, since most of it in headphones is from the coil twisting, not the ends going through the loop.

@esselsid3727 5 ай бұрын

24:57 This here... This RIGHT HERE is the key to the future... To EVERYTHING

@ablejack3 2 ай бұрын

btw: The trick to tying shoelaces with a secure and proper square knot doesn't require relearning a clock or counterclock bow. The (slippery reef) square knot doesn't care which way the bow is rotated as long as it is the opposite of the initial (marlin hitch) overhand knot. If your shoelaces are sloppy granny knots, continue using your same familiar bow tying technique. Simply tie your initial overhand knot the other way round. / sailor

@rjScubaSki 8 ай бұрын

30:29 Derek masterfully sneaking in an alibi for all those baggies he’s stashing

@AndresFirte 8 ай бұрын

Funniest comment I’ve seen so far in this video

@cameronvanatti6629 Ай бұрын

Came looking for this comment 😂😂😂

@mindblown7602 2 ай бұрын

As someone who tied their shoes wrong for 25 years, I found switching the rotation of my bows very difficult. Trying to work against that somewhat complex muscle memory just didn't go well. Instead, I found it much simpler, as others have pointed out, to change how I do the simpler base knot. After about a week of focusing on the new base knot (maybe 10 tyings), I was back to normal speed with an improved knot. In short, if your laces aren't working and you do the first crossing right over left, switch it to left over right (or vice versa) then do the harder part the same. I've passed along to multiple people and has even worked for people with dexterity issues (arthritis/amputated digits).

@Mr.Nichan 6 ай бұрын

I started twisting my earbuds like he suggested (before folding/rolling them up to put up), and I think they never got tangled per se*, but one ear failed after only a few times of doing this (on earbuds I'd had working for months). I'm not sure if it's related. *You have to unwind them of course, or I at least I feel I have to.

@arcer63 8 ай бұрын

For everyone that has their shoelaces untie throughout the day... I can't recommend enough learning to turn your knot into the square knot. It'll feel weird at first, but will change everything. The easiest way to do this is to switch the direction of the first tie to the opposite way. So, if you feed the end one way on the first tie, instead switch it to the mirrored version by feeding the opposite end through using mirrored hand motions. Then, tie your normal second knot because that is the more complex one.

@kylemac8672 8 ай бұрын

Left over right, right over left

@rileylucas9328 8 ай бұрын

Okay, but I do the loops in my shoe laces first, then the cross over knot, so which way should I switch them?

@brendonwood7595 8 ай бұрын

@@rileylucas9328 do the first cross unnaturally, the reverse of what you usually do

@Rubrickety 8 ай бұрын

I posted virtually the same comment before seeing yours. Derek didn't really make clear that the issue occurs between the "substrate" and the loopy part.

@longebane 8 ай бұрын

@@rileylucas9328what's the point of doing the overhand knot on top of the slip knot

@keviningalls1309 8 ай бұрын

I seriously love this channel, seems like these videos take a LOT of effort to build but the quality and completeness and depth is unmatched all in one place.

@joeyrufo 2 ай бұрын

Great video! Interdisciplinary studies is where it's at!

@user-pq2yb5xw5n 3 ай бұрын

I wrote a paper on this in 96 comparing unnotched and DNA and not a DNA amylase cutting up the DNA making a trefoil and the you talked about from the other guy the first noted molecule chemist put together what a fun paper