It can be 70-80 degrees Celsius. If you do not have apparatus to measure the temperature, you can just go for sterilizing it with well-boiled water.

Hello there, It is always better to use perlite or any substance that provides a lift and better aeration to the growing media🙂.

Please answer this one

We understand. Ferns generally grow in areas where there are low temperatures and high moisture. Each fern plant disperses millions of spores but only a few germinate and take life under favorable conditions. So we should also try to provide such favorable conditions to succeed in germinating the spores.

Well, a balanced ecosystem (nature) won’t grow mold/fungus as easily as a container of dirt in your house.

It's like the staggering odds that orchids and most spore/seed producing plants face in nature. The spores/seeds are basically thrown into a lottery where they must land in the perfect spot, under ideal conditions with a certain microbial environment, particularly mycorrhizal fungi, to germinate successfully. The failure rate is crazy high, like 99.999%. Scary/wild that without that kind of failure rate our world would be a suffocated garden of ferns and orchids! 🪴🪴🌐🪴🪴

This variety of fern has many common names. Some of them are Monarch fern, Wart fern, and Musk fern.