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Song structure is simply the way a song is constructed. What are the components, and how do they fit together? Similar to the construction of a house or a building, there are ways to approach building it. So it can stand, it can handle the elements, it can look and function the way it should. So when it comes to writing your own songs, as a beginner there are some key players that you need to get familiar with. We’ll start with the A-Team: Verse, Chorus & Bridge
Verse
Details, Story, Context, Setting the scene
Chorus
The great sum up. Where your overall concept and theme is driven home. Chorus is king, and all other parts of the song bow down to it. It’s the reason your verses, bridges, pre choruses make sense.
Bridge
It does what it says- it’s quite literally the bridge to take your song to another place before, usually, the final chorus. It’s an opportunity to resolve something, to further express something, to approach your concept from a different angle or a different play on words.
These parts of a song are what make a song. If we didn’t go any further, you’re already set! Here are the supporting characters: Intro/Outro, Pre-Chorus, Post-Chorus
Intro/Outro
What happens to open your song and what happens to close it. The intro sets the mood, tone, feel while the outro typically resolves the mood, tone, or feel. The outro is underestimated a lot, but it can also be used very creatively as the final touch in your song!
Pre-Chorus
A mini bridge that can close a gap between the verse and chorus. It can take details of the story found in verses, and expand on them in a broader way, setting up a chorus. Slowly zooming out for the chorus to land.
Post-Chorus
There’s a lot of opinions on what this is, but I just define it as something cool and chorus-like that comes after the chorus to continue the energy. It could be a hook, it could be a continuation of the chorus music with a different vocal melody.
Here are some third tier characters: Break, Breakdown, Interlude
Break
A section where things take a turn, and the music and/or melody “break” away from the assumed flow of the song.
Breakdown
A form of transition, where instruments and dynamics peel away and die down in a specific order to lay the song down for a bit. Usually for a moment of intimacy, commonly found before a final chorus or during an outro.
Interlude
Another form of transition. Typically a section of a song where the music speaks for itself (so usually no vocals) and carrys the listener to another part of the song.
These parts aren't always used in songs. A lot of times, the genre of music will determine how common it is to use these. For example, a stripped down style probably won’t use a break as often as an EDM or Rock/Alternative vibe. There are no rules about this, it’s up to the artist. But general observations like this can serve as helpful guidelines to the beginner songwriter.
Now that we’ve talked about the pieces that make up the structure of a song, let’s talk about how to arrange them in your song from start to finish. Song structure is important, because the sequence you put these pieces into is another tool you have to tell the story you want to, but also what will help your songs start to sound more like songs. Let’s dive into some of the most common arrangements.
Intro → Verse 1 → Chorus → Verse 2 → Chorus → Bridge → Chorus (x2) → Outro
Intro → Verse 1 → Pre Chorus → Verse 2 → Pre Chorus → Chorus → Bridge → Chorus (x2) → Outro
Sometimes, a song will start right away with a verse:
Verse 1 → Chorus → Verse 2 → Chorus → Bridge → Chorus (x2)
Verse 1 → Pre Chorus → Verse 2 → Pre Chorus → Chorus → Bridge → Chorus (x2)
*This can be a benefit, b/c of the streaming world we live in, jumping right in with music and lyrics can act as a 1-2 punch. It’s a combo that can hook a listener, which is good because it gives your song a chance to be heard.
Or a chorus:
Chorus → Verse 1 → Chorus → Verse 2 → Chorus → Bridge → Chorus (x1)
Chorus → Verse 1 → Pre Chorus → Chorus → Verse 2 → Pre Chorus → Chorus → Bridge → Chorus (x1)
*Similar to starting with a verse, beginning with a chorus is a great way to hook listeners' interest because ideally you’re presenting the catchiest, fullest part of your song right away.
So experiment and don’t overthink it. Remember, song structure is just that… structure. It’s just labels for specific parts of a song. What you fill those parts with matters more than sequencing something for the sake of sequencing something “the right way.” Just write your songs, lean into your intuitions, don’t be afraid to experiment and from there just decide what serves this song best right now. One song at a time!