I would have said ideally there wouldn't have been any snaps/pops etc. coming from the hull. Every one represents a small breakage in the structure, some flaw from manufacturing. However, that level of perfection might be unrealistic. With a sufficient (necessary) margin of safety you could cycle it (dive) unmanned and ensure there weren't too many pops/cracks or "adjustments"... But then, I wouldn't want to have *any* ongoing "accustic events" on subsequent dives. Those represent ongoing, *accumulating* damage, not a one-time settling-in. I believe you are correct, it was insane to continue using it, knowing the structure was weakening with every cycle. A catastrophic failure was a question of when, not if.

from watching this aluminium is just a little bit weaker than carbon fibre but it dont suddenly give way and its lighter and cheaper than titanium . id build my sub out of aluminium

Absolutely and have the total enjoyment and success of getting it right.

@@PIlotrcm They also said in their message that they were listening to Under Pressure by David Bowie and Queen and Down Down deeper and Down by Status Quo on their music system

@@philipstaite4775Note that Titan did have its whole pressure hull replaced before. The hull that imploded is actually the second hull of that vehicle, not the first.

You mean, you don't?

@@arokit He’s being sarcastic.

I actually keep in my pocket and use when I wat to destroy something

@@Nomi-D-Yagami you have a bag of holding?

@@Nomi-D-Yagami Where can I get your bag of holding?

Doesn't fail slowly when crashed 😁

Woven roven fiberglass is stronger than chopstrand matt

Agree it still held together in parts totally surprised

with the exception of stiffness S class fibreglass has better characteristics than carbon fibre. And much cheaper

That’s why boats and bathtubs are made out of it.

You just completed the video, thank you!

Thank you!

Appreciate that. I was waiting for results at the end.

Was that pure Titanium, or an alloy?

Fiberglass was actually 20.09 or 20.1 g

This is great but can you edit and do the material weight side by side the resistance weight. Thank you❤️

Thanks! Eeven better if you could add the masses... :)

​@@bidav2114 Hmmm, i will see what i can do

​@@HughCStevenson1 Done! 👍🏼

Thanks

HHS steel is a Tool steel so it is naturally brittle but holds an excellent edge for cutting.

This is a 3 point test in which the specimen is in shear and bending. If the bass was in a standard tensile test you would see that it did not fail suddenly.

I agree

EXACTLY!! 🤦‍♂️

👌🏽

The number is the measurement of how much pressure is being built up. Not how much is being put on to the object. So the tougher object endure more pressure, showing a higher number.

Illiterate . Dnt see this. See tiktok.

I like when there is push back ;-)

Same here. I've been researching all about carbon fiber and the construction of that vessel. Makes total sense once you research the shape of how submersibles should be, the size, the materials, xcetera

I understand why they use titanium in submarsibles now

@@michaelyemariamlij2633 When you go over a broader scope of material options, I have wondered about doing more stainless steel for submarines. It seems you get the right stainless steel mix in there and it has some very good properties for a fraction of the price of other materials. SpaceX's Starship is made with a stainless steel alloy for different reasons and likely with different optimizations than what you would want for a submarine, but when you watch how much the structure of Starship over-performed in the 04/20 launch and they couldn't get the rocket to self-destruct, instead a massive structure cartwheeling through the air at multiple mach speeds while venting propellant through holes blown in the side of the rocket from the abort charges going off and after tumbling for a while, the venting propellant finally ignited as the rocket re-entered the thicker part of the atmosphere and destroyed the rocket, I mean that material held together through quite a bit. Titanium is extremely expensive and hard to work with. The SR-71 Blackbird's titanium came from Russia only to return over Russian skies later as spy planes as the USA was having trouble sourcing the titanium from elsewhere. Carbon fiber is extremely expensive and as we can see is the wrong material for a submarine. Stainless steel alloys are relatively cheap and can be customized to have very good properties for submarine use.

Carbon fiber is super lightweight, which makes it great for aircraft and spaceships. But in submersibles, that just means extra buoyancy which must be countered by adding ballast. The guy who constructed the Titan and died in it had a degree in aerospace engineering. The idiot was probably thinking that he was building an airplane.

@@BrokenCurtain This is the thing. There are people who study a subject and get the critical understanding to succeed or at least they have the right form if something goes wrong. Then there are idiots who are full of themselves and don't listen to the people who know what they are talking about. Just by listening to this guy's sales pitch, he was more of a salesman, full of himself, than a real engineer. He didn't listen to real engineers because he was too full of himself. This lead to his death. Like Elon Musk, however you feel about him, it is hard to deny that he is a real engineer. It doesn't mean things don't go wrong, but instead there is strong reasoning behind the engineering moves he makes and at the core, it is a good design. If he is dedicated enough, perfection is reached such as the Falcon 9 rocket. With a Tesla car, I think we all know that while the fundamentals are good, they are not perfect cars, but that is engineers also can have their quirks like being obsessed with Twitter and not finishing the job they started.

That’s what killed them. It was parallel not cross hatched

@@DiHandley as a novice unknowledgeable nube, I would have considered a multi-layer titanium-multiple opposing alternating cross hatched carbon fiber sandwich setup BUT that would still leave the issue of how to deal with joining the ends of the differing materials - a problem answered as to why gluing is now preferred to riveting on aircrafts these days to provide a smoother stress transition from 1 material to another but not sure if this would be even possible and/or work in a similar manner in extremely high inward deep-sea pressures

Would be still far away from the strength of the steel.

@@kevin.afton_ weight considerations in a logistical sense for a non-fully self-propelled short-range DSV would probably be a rather large impediment

@@wl88168 gluing the ends would be ok, because the pressure is squeezing it together, carbon fiber is stiff , it doesn't bend it shatters like glass

Exactly..I expected this simples chart.

no

That would be asking too much, this is clearly not made by a scientist, everything is not standardised

no

Exactly! If you are doing a tension or bending test show the force deflection curve at least. Stress and strain if you have better equipment.

Well sometimes, it can be winter.

Not sure about the "anything" part of that statement... A soft metal like lead will probably just deform into the new shape and not try to rebound...

For all practical purposes yes, but I think everything has a plastic deformation threshold below which it is elastic. So if the lead spring was designed not to flex beyond that point then it would work, although the length of travel would be very short.

Controller

3,5 tons :D

why do you think they call it high speed steel?

@@Killertomato84 🤣

It’s 65 on the Rockwell scale, tungsten carbide is in the mid 70’s I’d much like to see that one

@@brutaladd I know what you’re saying but I also hope you got the joke..haha

It's used in cutting tools like for a metal lathe or drill bits...

😂😂😂😂

High speed steel (HSS) terminology probably comes from the factthat the drill bits, router bits etc. Made out of them can be run at higher cutting speed (and resulting temperature ) than high carbon steel ( traditional tool steel) can be. It can be run to red hot temperature, it will soften, but reharden to it original hardness upon cooling. Tool steel gradually softens above a few hundred degrees C. It needs to be quenched at red hot heat to reharden it an then tempered to the desired hardness to suit the tool's purpose. You can drill through steel without the use of coolant. Note that carpenters tools such as chisels, and metal working tools such as cold chisels, centre punches etc are made out of tool steel and not HSS. Such tools would fractures at the first blow with a hammer or mallet. Nothing structural is made from HSS , apart for entertainment I cannot imagine why such an unsuitable material was included in the tests. But the the whole exercise is inconclusive to me. I will add a comment.

they have a new substance they can produce that is called Graphene that is just amazing. It has 10,000x the strength of its weight in steel.

@@bear76009 Its not new at all.

@@Ddog72 2004 was when it was first discovered and RECENTLY was when it was able to be manufactured to any amount that could really be used for anything other than testing. It is also been recently discovered that it is a superconductor at near room temperature and above.

@@bear76009 Yep, I've heard about it.

​@@bear76009it's stronger in some areas, but much like carbon fiber, apply a load in the wrong direction and it fails completely, whereas steel is able to handle high loads from just about any force. Steel isn't going anywhere anytime soon, it's cheap, easy to make, easy to work, and you can use it for just about anything outside of very specialized cases such as aircraft

Imagine hearing those noises! The dread!

Creaking is usually sliding or stretching, elastic deformation or strain, both in the common and technical terminology. Crackling is usually fracture, of structural elements. While creaking means a structure is absorbing energy by deformation, sometimes even becoming stronger before declining again, crackling means elements of the structure are failing, continuously weakening. Each broken fibre creates a miniature focal point for slightly increased load, so it is a self-magnifying problem.

Those transcripts are fake.

@@mightymystery9204 for real like. Carbon fibers great! Its just also. Fibers. Which means as soon as a single fiber breaks its weakened, even if just a little. Even if the body of the sub was strong enough to withstand the depths at one point, the friction of the ocean could very well start breaking fibers, and in the end. Well.

And that Rush moron said that the carbon fiber popping sounds were because it was "settling in" and becoming more stable, when in reality it was just being damaged beyond plasticity.

Don't they use steel instead? It's easier to form, and better understood. From what I'm reading, titanium helps create a sports-car kind of submarine because the light weight means you either get more internal room due to smaller engines or you get faster underwater speeds because you have excess power. But Titanium is like a sports car in that it requires a lot of money too. Titanium is an expensive metal so the initial cost is high. And materials research also hasn't yielded a strong yet flexible titanium alloy yet, so maintenance is a must or the titanium will start cracking sooner than an equivalent steel design.

Stainless steel is stronger and way cheaper and still resistant to corrosion. Titanium is better than carbon fiber tho.

And now I suddenly know why this video was being recommended to me. I watched several about that incident when it happened. That's one smart algorithm at work there.

@@tasa4904 the submersible with the deepest dive on record 5 times is the trinton 3600/2 or better know as the limiting factor. The pressure vessel is completely made out of titanium.

Idk if i just had low quality carbon fiber, but as soon as i heard thats what they used... that shit does not hold up well to friction, and the ocean is full of shit that increases it.

Yeah , but it was cheap & “ hi tech “ , therefore it was easy to state bs like “ current methods of testing for safety are over the top & hinder innovation “ .

@@barbraabsalom4531 I can see that happening which just makes me laugh harder at these institutions and engineers that thought this was a good idea. I'm no materials expert but my limited experience with hockey sticks and knowing hard things tend to be brittle said that was a bad material. Feel bad for the victims, except the CEO.... It was his mistake after all.

@@barbraabsalom4531 I'm guessing they went with it cause light weight. When I think of cheap materials, carbon fiber isn't one of them

Stainless steel are always have more popular with making submarines and ocean water ships battle cruiser world war 2 ships Aircraft carriers in America to now 2023 and no other types of material will change away from stainless steel since .

@@SilverStarHeggisist not sure why weight was a priority for a submarine. Much rather pay a bit more for the boat to move it around than have it crack under pressure.

Unlike titanium, carbon fiber wears out and can break down over time.

@@rwgameplays3253 Titanium is for real men while carbon fiber is for libtards. Even I, a Bigfoot, can tell that.

5 people did

Was that your stomach rumbling or did you far… 💥 👼 🌁

It should be terrible

I doubt they had time to hear it cracking. At such pressure, structures don't warn you. It just breaks.

That feeling won't last very long.

it will be interesting to see how 2DPA-1 fairs against the hydraulic press weighs less the plastic and twice as strong as steel supposedly.

The fiber direction is everything!

Yep

Or thinking that it's bending back into shape...

Lmao because of titan now everyone thinks carbon fiber is weak. In round shape it can be stronger than steel for fraction the weight.

​@@kaisuhina8024it can't that's why noone uses it dor submarines Sure if you need less weight it can help but not be stronger

@@wnsjimbo2863 its not typically used in submarines because steel is cheaper.

That’s why basic critical reasoning skills go a long way in keeping one safe and sound.

Also depends which direction the press is pressing against the fibers. Carbon fiber is extremely strong in one direction

c/gf are the strongest in tensile strength, this was loaded on bending-it is combination of push , pull and shear

It seems they weren't woven at all. It was test of the glue not the carbon fiber.

which is exactly what you want, predicability is essential when it comes to material failure

It's quite possible to create a carbon fiber sample that would perform much better than a pure unidirectional sample. Uni fibers wrapped in +45/-45 would perform much better.

Me

Pretty sure it's unidirectional (UD) carbon fiber, so it should be good for a bend test as the fibers are aligned to the stress direction

@@georgeklow4561 But it wasn't, it should have been stronger than titanium. That means something was not OK with that particular carbon fiber. When carbon fiber is used the correct way it's insanely strong.

harneded steel shatters (like a drill bit). Annealed steel is a lot softer and will bend a lot (like a normal rebar from the hardware store, or angle iron.. those are mild steel ) Brass can also be hardened or aneealed. Both the steel and brass pieces were hardened and they did shatter. CF and fiberglass were weak due to the matrix (the resin). As the resin broke and delaminated the fibers. More evident on fiberglass but is also present in the CF example.

Quenched and tempered steel will not yield but will explode once the tension reaches its capacity.

Carbon fiber is strong but when if failed it break snap quickly with no warning

Yes! My thought as well!! Always learning, aren’t we??

the carbon fibre imploded . it was the weakest point of the sub....

Still would take Titanium or Carbon Fiber over Steel. There's a reason why Hypercars are made out of Carbon Fiber, Aluminum, and Titanium. Not Steel

@@DaysofKnight Yeah, lightweightness. But that's barely the only reason. Steel, on the other hand, is dozens times cheaper, better keeps strength under extreme temperatures than Al/Carbon fiber, MUCH easier in production and usability (cutting/welding). Steel is just more important in humanity' development, than these 3 combined imo. Humanity needs bridges, buildings and cheap cars more, than efficient planes and supercars. The most powerful rocket to fly, where lightweightness is the key to success, is being made with steel.

​@@DaysofKnightokay, stockton.

Yes weight matters. That's really easy to research

Titanium is best for submersibles.

Tbh in that case i would want like. A full video of just different alloys n all that of the same thing. Idk much about most of this but seeing how just heat treating affects it would be cool ya know?

Have to love that normal force N

looks like bronze.

@@kevinryan739 bronze is more orange or red then brass. This is clearly brass

As it deforms, it work-hardens and becomes brittle. If the piece had been thinner, it would have stayed soft. Or maybe it was already work-hardened. We don't know where the piece came from. Maybe it was rolled and never annealed. And titanium is comparable to a pretty mild low-carbon steel. Much stronger steels are available

steel is more brittle titanium is softer

Didn't expect carbon to be so brittle

You are asking for the "Yield Strength" of each material. If you google, you can find it for materials like 6160 aluminum quite easily. For more complex materials like carbon fiber it depends on the number of layers, orientation of the layers, etc so there is not just one standard number. This experiment could be redone with strain gauges and a stress strain chart could be made to find the Yield strength of each sample.

Well I have an answer for you if it’s 5 inches of carbon fiber…

Nah, just do math.

to get a stress strain curve, you need the cross sectional area, the weight is irrelevant. Since the bars were roughly the same size , you can almost factor it out. However, you're still looking at plastic failure, not elastic yield point. For real world results, you'd be more interested in the elastic yield point because usually after that point, your object won't work as intended anymore

The pressure chamber was made with titanium and 5mn of carbon fiber . Carbon fiber are usefull when the pressure is from inside but not when pressure force come from the outside

@@carabinias6513 The tube was 5 inch of carbon fiber, only the end caps were titanium.

@@SilverStarHeggisist ...actually, it was a thing titanium tube which was layered with 5" of carbon fibre XD

​@@davesmith9844Actually, it wasn't. It was all carbon fibre. Glued to titanium rings to attach the titanium end caps. A disaster waiting to happen. Even from the fact that it was a cylinder shape rather than a sphere. Much weaker.

@@isabelmauricio6394 Actually, it was not, take a look at the video showing them manufacturing it. You'll see a thin titanium tube onto which they apply the carbon fibre which is exactly what they say when explaining what they're doing. How else would they make a cylinder from what essentially looks like a roll of carbon fibre tape, it has to be applied to something.

Cheap

@@hwahwa2008 yeah, but that’s not a valid excuse

I think his reasoning was well carbon fibre is used in racing cars, it's used in aeroplanes, why not subs. Engineers and scientists told him you can't do that, and his response was pretty much let's be the first to do it, to innovate. He ignored the data we have on the material and got driven by his ego.

Tal vez a escala...

Too flexible for bikes 😮

I tought the same

^^^^ Stockton Rush's last youtube comment

@@goaway9977 He bought that carbon fibre for cheap from boieng too, the airplane company when they were selling it for scraps 😨

I'm not too surprised. The advantage of carbon fiber is weight to strength ratio. Not necessarily the raw strength of the material itself.

Yes the ratio is 46 the hss steal 50 And the best Titanium 54

Carbon fiber strengh is mostlly against tention, against bending forces the strengh of the binding agent is the limiting factor.

CF is strong along its fiber but not across 😢

You’ll not be surprised if you learn their real properties and application beforehand 😂 many thought that CF is some kind of magic material that can do everything LOL

Odio y respeto... Interesante combinación.