Hello! This is a reupload because some of you expressed the graphs were misleading, and I agreed. The tiny bars were animated not to scale as an artistic choice, but in the interest of accuracy we decided to take the video down and change that. I hope you enjoy learning something from this video, or it at least sparks a desire to research and learn more! Edit: Reuploaded again because the first comment wasn't "first"

On average, Americans drive ~26 miles per day. 95% of trips are under 30 miles. Under those conditions, recharging at home from a 240V charger is more than sufficient.

I like how the guy is amazed that a boat can be totally silent ... When we had sail boat for much longer than engine have been a thing 😂

I really enjoyed this episode. A very balanced and well presented argument in favour of HFC cars. I have also driven the Mirai, and the Hyundai Nexo and the Honda Clarity, they were all really good cars that worked very well. Yes, there are some serious problems with the filling stations, we used to have 12 here in the UK, we now have 5 because they were not used enough to maintain them economically. But reliability issues with H2 filling stations is a fairly simple technical issue which I'm sure can be overcome. However the one question not asked in this video, and for me it is the massive, oversized elephant in a very small room. Where does the hydrogen come from? I know there will be an immediate answer, 'we can split water using excess electricity from renewables ' and that is 100% true, okay, there are massive energy losses, you need 4 kWh of electricity to produce 1 kWh of hydrogen. But even that is nit picking. Where does the hydrogen we use today come from? 98% of commercial hydrogen comes from steam reforming natural gas, it's produced in an oil refinery, it is a fossil fuel derivative. Yes, it's clean, yes, when you pass H2 through a fuel cell the only waste product is water. But when we extract hydrogen from natural gas we 'bleed off' the CO2 into the atmosphere. And yes, the fossil fuel industry are all over this, 'we are going to capture that carbon and sequestrate it in old oil caverns underground.' They have been talking about doing this since 1990, and all the tests have proven unworkable or economically unviable. So to sum up, a hydrogen fuel cell car is a very inefficient fossil fuel car.

Interesting theoretical analysis. Would have been nice to see something about what really drives decisions to go EV, Fuel Cell, or stay with carbon (including LNG): COST! What are the comparative costs of ownership and 12K/yr use (for a typical 4 or 5 year period) between these potential competitors?

I guess you need to get a BEV sponsor now and do the opposite pitch so we can compare results.

I think you missed the elephant in the room which is how hydrogen is actually produced. It is almost all through steam reforming coal, oil, and nat gas. Get the cost of the electrolyzer down and then it becomes an interesting alternative

A blended mix as tech grows is intriguing. When we’ve tried hydrogen on diesels as an additive it’s been awesome. Too bad generating power creates the core issue of emissions.

It will definitely be good to have both of these options in the future, especially if we can heavily reduce the use of ICE vehicles.

another huge infrastructure issue that wasn't mentioned was the cost of installing new hydrogen refueling stations (1-5 million) vs that of a bev charging station (100k-300k). This is a huge factor!

"Even startup companies. Hyzon, Nikola" 🤣

Hello physics girl.. thank you so much for this great research on this topic..I will be starting my MSc Physics project work on Hydrogen Storage Properties of Metal Hydrides. And after watching your video, I feel very fortunate to be the part of this project. I'm really gonna work hard to overcome the difficulties we are facing in this area of work.

Given that this was sponsored by Toyota, it’s still feels like an ad even though she tries to give the other side of the argument, it would have been better if EV manufacturers were also interviewed for their perspective

95ish% of hydrogen comes from fossil fuel. Electrolysis is too energy inefficient/expensive. How could we produce enough cheap hydrogen via clean sources? I would have liked to see this addressed.

I'm in my 6th year driving an EV and often hear some of these arguments from friends against battery technology. I've never run out of power as I charge every night on 220 at my house. I rarely use the superchargers. In California, many houses have 220 outlets installed in the garage for electric dryers but most dryers sold are gas so the outlet is unused. My EV cost per mile is 3.4 cents compared to 23 cents for my wife's gas car. As a point of reference, my brother leased a Toyota Hydrogen Mirai only because Toyota provided a debit card to fill up for free during the lease. There is only 1 hydrogen station in San Diego County so he has far more planning to make sure he doesn't run out.

This was a very informative video. Thank you for the great content

@10:10 "if you replace all 15 million electric cars in California with battery electric and plug them all in, the grid would fail". But if hydrogen "uses about twice as much to produce/use hydrogen than battery", isn't that still a much better scenario than creating all that hydrogen? Regardless of the path, we're going to need more electricity generation and less fossil fuel generation

When I heard Nikola I laughed louder than I should

10:12 - You wouldn't charge the truck for 4 hours or 12 hours though. You would swap out the batteries. And since you know you're gonna swap the batteries, you'd design the system around that, with quick disconnect, carts to get the batteries to and from the charging rack, etc.

Hi, thanks a lot for this comparison ! The only missing thing is the environmental impact of the battery vs fuel cells. I THINK this would give another pros to the fuel cell but would love to see a more scientific analysis than my tought ;) Another great comparison would be hydrogen full cell vs hydrogen internal combustion engine efficiency. I know BMW made a 7 series hybrid gasoline/hydrogen more than a decade ago but there were no (or too few) way to refill hydrogen, and Iceland has some combustion engine bus.

I get that not everyone can charge at home, but for those who can: damn that's convenient! No hydrogen car can beat that.

Wow, such a helpful video. Thank you. Wish you quick recovery girl. 😊

6:07 - “Batteries lose capacity over time”: that depends mostly upon whether your BEV is a Nissan LEAF or most any other BEV. The LEAF has, practically-speaking, no battery cooling system. With a well-engineered battery-temperature management system, batteries lose only about 15% over capacity over 10 years.

6:08 "battery loses capacity over time, that doesn't happen nearly as much with fuel cell electric vehicles..." oh yes but it does. Hydrogen is a very small molecule, difficult to keep it contained. This is also one of the main problems to transport hyrdrogen over long distance using pipes. It's also a problem of containment when it's in the vehicle. Basically over time your tank of hydrogen will jus evaporate. So it does also use "capacity".

I prefer electric for now since most of the H2 for these car is extracted from natural gas well at a very high CO2 cost so I think electric might be better on emissions

You know what? This hydrogen fuel cell series would be a lot more believable if it was not sponsored by the TOYOTA.

a) There's something wrong with the vehicle test weght vs range graph. It does not require 1500 Kg of additional weight to achieve a 400 mile range. b) Fuel cells also have a limited life, which you dismiss with a "batteries lose range, hydrogen fuel cells, not so much". Last time I heard the costs of replcing the fuel cell in a car, it was in the $100k range. c) Hydrogen fuel stations are eye-wateringly expensive to build and maintain compared to charging infeastructure. d) Hydrogen production by electrolysis at the required scale is also expensive. I don't think it will ever happen, except in places of high densiy/demand like California. BEVs have no step change required.

Would it be possible to use the oxygen from the hydrolysis to make ozone to help the ozone layer?

After watching this, it seems like the benefits of creating consumer-FCEVs doesn't make up for the infrastructure requirements... I still think they'd be great for trucking, or other industrial uses (particularly for electric planes!), but those are all places where you could make specialized refueling stations, rather than making public ones on every street corner.

"Losing capacity over time" - FCEVs still need a small battery, which will deteriorate over time. How long does a fuel cell last ? Also Hydrogen tanks need replacing every 10-15 years due to embrittlement.

I heard about hydrogen cars when I was a kid, like still in the concept stages. I always thought they disappeared and wondered why that happened! Now I know they didn't disappear at all! This has been very informative and I totally had the instinct that one should "win" over the other. Really enjoyed the video and I'm glad to see how both sorts of vehicles have clear advantages that both cover the bases our society needs when it comes to green travel.

it would have been interesting knowing some info about what kind of waste both systems generate. what happen and how will we deal with batteries that cannot be charged anymore? and how does it work for fuel cells?

The overall efficiency really makes me lean conventional battery whenever possible. The place I see Hydrogen being good would be emission-free air travel where the less weight means everything. Also it's much easier to plan infrastructure between a few airports.

Pretty disappointed you mentioned that if every BEV plugged in at the same time the grid would fail, but didn't mention the opportunity for charging BEV's to be paired with excess solar production during the day to relieve strain on the grid. And you didn't mention how much EXTRA energy would be needed to make and transport all the hydrogen instead.

The problem with battery charge times can be overcome with a swappable battery. The large battery in the floor can be kept for long duration charging, but have a portion of the Frunk where a swappable battery like the Gravely 4kw FusionCore batteries can be placed for quick swaps at a station that specializes in keeping them charged. Each battery is equal to about 10 miles (based on my Sorento PHEV getting about 30 miles on a 10KW battery). In any case, the infrastructure needs to be upgraded across the board.

You have some cool vids... I sub'd Port of LA/LB has a serious fuel/power issue. When the Long beach Robotic Container Terminal started up, being electric...it caused alot of serious untold power outages.

The problem with hydrogen isn't the weight, it's the volume. Especially since it needs to be stored at very high pressure (or low temperature) and those vessels can't be shaped easily. So the reason hydrogen cars have issues getting more range is the space the tanks use. That's not as much a problem for batteries at this point.

Worth noting that not all BEVs need a standalone charging station installed. I just plug mine into a standard 110VAC wall socket in my garage.

Love, love, love these discussions, showing how quickly technology development and recent discussions can become a touch dated the new BEV EPA target is now set by Lucid at 520 miles. That aside new advancement in Hydrogen EV will no doubt also improve. Once BEV settles in the 450-500mile EPA rated will remove range anxiety. Recharge times will likely abate once solid state battery tech advances (hint new video opportunity) which should help both HEV/BEV community.

Dianna, none of the big car manufactures are talking about cold weather usage and with good reason. Sure these systems work great year round in the south. In the north it is a different prognosis entirely. I don't have a graph but at 20 below zero F, batteries lose 80% of their charge. The car range is cut 80 % for example 200 miles to 40 miles. My municipality tried LP on all the police squads and they refused to start in the winter time when the temps went below zero. They had to be towed inside and thawed for at least an hour before they would start. I am not sure about hydrogen, but the other problem is filling and ice. The ice jams the nozzle and you are stuck. Well here are a few other things to think about. Even a diesel truck cannot be shut off in the cold and has to be left running 24 hours a day. As an added bonus, you have to add anti-gel to the fuel tanks to prevent the fuel from freezing. So pick your poison carefully. Love your show, your personality and your looks.

i have been seeing a lot of talk lately around how hydrogen is sourced and its net carbon impact, along with terms like 'grey' and 'blue' hydrogen... and it is clear to me that (as are most things meant for popular consumption these days) these articles are biased towards one particular position or another... i would appreciate a video in this series (or thereafter) that looks at the science behind how hydrogen can be sourced on the scale needed to serve a national or international market for fuel cell vehicles, as well as an objective presentation of the pros and cons for the various methods and sources in terms of net energy, cost, environmental impact and sustainability, etc... i have of course googled for this, but it is difficult to tell what is objectively factual (and complete) and what is slanted by opinion. i would trust you for this information far more than i would any online article. thank you for your continued excellent youtube material!

Correction: High-end BEVs have 500+ miles of range. Also, you mentioned that the cleanest way to produce hydrogen is electrolysis but in reality, the vast majority of hydrogen is produced from natural gas (producing tons of emissions). While fuel cell is superior technology to ICE, I do not think it will ever overtake BEV in widespread adoption.

For me, living in the far North, diesel or gasoline then hydrogen then battery. The loss of energy to keep the battery or fuel cell stack thawed to the point of usability, essentially rules them out for half of the year. There are 2 Nissan Leaf cars in the area. They are not operated in the winter, kept in heated garages. Good thing we have our own 250 MW hydro plant 30 km up river. Best wishes from 55.75°N.

"move away from petroleum dependance"... By using hydrogen that comes from an energy intensive process stripping it from natural gas, releasing CO2.

8:52 - not actually zero emissions if the H2 is made from steam reforming CH4+H2O = CO2 + H2...

If the two approaches are actually in cooperation and not in competition. What's needed is a modular retrofit standard. Basic compatibility elements included in the design of all Battery and Hydrogen cars that would mean one could easily be converted to another by swapping out standardized pre-built modules. Of course either type of car would have redundant on-board systems after such a conversion if not optimized from the start for a given module. But it would mean that someone could take their vehicle to a more remote area where one option is more practical (for say seasonal work). Then upon there return to a more urban area have it converted back to what works best for where they are. It would also mean that someone won't be barred from buying the style of vehicle they want because of local availability of a fuel source (They could simply have a different fuel source optioned at a dealership).

Being from outside of the cities in Australia, where distances can be vast, hydrogen has always been my favoured choice. I always wished that batteries were designed to be interchangeable, so you could pull into a petrol station, remove depleted battery, and insert a new one. Five minute operation. It would be nice if all electric car companies could come to an agreement on battery tech to make this possible. Battery is great if you live in a city where distances driven are less per day, and chargeable overnight. Unfortunately, the driving done in my area, fuel cell is the only realistic option. Unfortunately, we don't even nearly have the infrastructure yet, but the Western Australian government is seriously investigating improving things going forward, so hopefully soon!!

2:31 The first hydrogen station in CA... "dispenser unavailable". That doesn't inspire much confidence. XD

One major assumption is that we will only ever have lithium-ion batteries. There is an enormous amount of research going into batteries that are safer, charge faster, and have higher energy density.

I'd like to see a study comparing the production of batteries for BEVs vs the production of hydrogen for FCEV's and the impact on the environment, especially regarding the extraction of lithium and other minerals and metals needed for both technologies.

Hi, I like the video very much! One thing I would love to see though, and it is a big question about green energy, is to consider the production of one or the other car itself and also the capacity to recycle a Battery or a cell after its lifetime is over. I believe there perhaps one could find a winner between cells and battery driven vehicules.

Diana, what is the life span of the hydrogen fuel cells? I was involved in a project about 15 years ago where back up electricity was provided with hydrogen. With that technology the fuel cells need maintains every 1500 hours. I'm sure it's a lot better now, but how much? Will the fuel cells last as long a the car, or will they need to be replaced periodically? And what will the cost be?

10:08 - "If we replaced all 15.000.000 cars and plugged them in at night, the grid would fail." If we produced all of the hydrogen with electrolysis for all 15.000.000 vehicles, the grid would fail 3 times over.

Great topic and great comparison. However, I am missing some - in my opinion - crucial topics that have an effect on sustainability market and environmental aspects. 1. cost of production, monetary and environmentally. 2. Use of finite resources in the Production process. 3. Life cycle of the respective systems. 4. …and the possibility to refurbish the engines for reuse or how to salvage the components/materials for another life cycle Just an idea for an extension or “part 2” on your current research! ;-))

It would be interesting to see a video on the global impact of lithium mining to make those batteries and impact of producing solar panels as well. Also, next time you’re at a electric car charging station look around for a diesel generator supplying power; it could be a little ways away from the charging station.

As an engineer and climate activist, I'm deeply disappointed by this video. Yes, the sponsoring made it clear from the get go, but this is more a commercial for nerdy people than an honest science communication attempt. I can tell you tried to make it balanced and impartial, but that didn't quite actually happen. Interview a few people in the BEV sector or other car manufacturers and researchers that are considering all options, not just the outlier that's heavily investing in hydrogen...

It's all about infrastructure. The availability of it is the winner for me. In my area there isn't any hydrogen. However, EV charger are plenty and so far they're free of charge!

You may not be able to install a full on Tesla charger but I have to imagine the landlord will be ok installing a 30 or 50amp outlet if you're paying for it. It has its benefits outside of BEV charging. Also, you can just use the dryer outlet to get 22 mi/hr

8:39 "Even Start-ups like Nikola" 😂

Most hydrogen isn’t obtained through electrolysis, it comes from fossil fuels and is crazy expensive. The graph showing range is still misleading because the way you increase the range of a hydrogen cell car is by installing a bigger fuel tank. You could drive hundreds of miles on a single tank, but you’ll have little storage space and your head will hit the car ceiling. Hydrogen fuel cells only make sense on the larger vehicles: trucks and boats.

this vid honestly makes me lean further away from hydrogen.

Hi Bev, do you think hydro vehicles could ever get to 80% efficiency and if petroleum stations take up most property, if you purchase a hydro vehicle how long does it take for hydro charging stations to appear in a country like South Africa?

Micro fusion generators that create an electrical or magnetic field using several elements, instead of poisonous radioactivity, and adsorb this in a rotating coil inverting random pulses into uniform constant flow of energy directly applied or proportionately stored. Remove or reduce one or more of the elements in the generation process reduces or stops the reaction or conversion.

My BEV has virtually no maintenance. Check tires for wear, top up the washer bottle and check brakes for wear. That’s about it. How does an HEV compare for maintenance?

Should be a lot clearer that this is an ad. Especially coming from an educational channel.

You could also just look at this as hydrogen fuel cell vs lithium fuel cell. They are both power storage. So doing an LCA, or energy/resource analysis comparison, you should be able to see what’s better environmentally. Hydrogen was def the big innovation at the manufacturing expo I went to in Hannover this year. Hydrogen seems like it could better on many fronts, especially in regards to resource mining, safety and the necessary metals required for the transmission lines and charging infrastructure compared to Hydrogen fueling. Cool stuff to look into.

Right for example using ultra capacitors for surge control and hydrogen for long term or overnight storage.

I appreciate the attempt by Dianna to present a balanced take on things, despite some perceived bias/optimism of Toyota employees. The argument that that BEV's don't work for everyone because of living situation (no garage) vs FCEV is somewhat weak because you can still find electricity anywhere. Coffee shops, mall parking lots. Easy to expand to apartments and more common places. Even street lights have been proposed. Bottom line is the situation is pretty good for a good chunk of people, and getting better by the day. Can't quite put a hydrogen tanks everywhere though, so you'll never be able to get away from making dedicated trips to a station. I agree that Hydrogen can be a part of a healthy and diversified infrastructure, especially for energy storage if you have plentiful excess renewable energy, but I'm still not sold on its use case for commuter vehicles. More specific to car design, hydrogen might have a weight efficiency vs batteries but it's volumetric energy density isn't great whereas battery tech is improving at a much faster rate. Its storage at pressure also makes it more difficult to package, since you can't hide them under the floor of the passenger compartment. The best user experience, from an ergonomic and aesthetic perspective will be found with BEVs.

At 6:58 the vehicle test weight vs range graph (which is one of your core points) is hugely misleading. It's very outdated, as it's from 2009, and assumes ~150Wh/kg Li-Ion energy density (read the source) when today's batteries are nearing 300. With updated numbers, it will be clear that for *passenger* vehicles, hydrogen no longer has any advantages. Edit: Regarding 10:07 current grid not handling if all vehicles/trucks were battery electric: Sure but this is actually worse for hydrogen as it ALSO requires electricity (if actually green) and it's only ~30% efficient so you'd need 2.5-3x MORE electricity.

This is a really great video! Just interested on the price comparisons between a BEV and a hydrogen fuel cell passenger car? If these options work and have the infrastructure then thats one thing but it needs to be accessible, and not just for the elite! Also the vehicles claim to be emissions free- this must be just from the vehicle itself? Unless it is green hydrogen?

4:48 This is only for hydrogen alone. In a real hydrogen car, there's the massive fuel cell stack and heavy hydrogen storage tank, which you wouldn't have in a BEV.

5:35 What about the fact that 95% of H2 is currently being produced in steam reforming of CH4 process that outputs CO2 and more of it than if a car was driving just on the CH4...

I wish you had investigated the energy requirements for creating the hydrogen fuel. Fossil fuel companies are creating hydrogen fuel from natural gas, a process that releases methane, which defeats the whole purpose of FCEV. I’d like to know who else is in the hydrogen business (electrolysis processes at industrial scales?) and how we are going to provide clean hydrogen fuel moving forward.

In Ontario, we have most of our excess power at night actually. A big part of our grid is nuclear power (from emission-free CANDU reactors), which is great for baseload power but takes forever to turn on and off. We also have lots of hydro. At peak times (typically evenings), Ontario has to turn on its natural gas power stations to top up for hydro, nuclear, and a little wind and solar. Coal power (by the way) does not exist in Ontario and will be banned in Canada soon

Enjoyed this!...Its was very interesting and informative!

If to many battery electric cars overload the power grid, and hydrogen cars need double the amout of electricity per mile. Then aren't hydrogen cars a bigger problem?

This video is just a Toyota Fuel Cell ad and it still reaffirm my opinion that hydrogen fuel cell is the wrong technology to focus on.

Maybe this addressed elsewhere, but in the short segment on efficiency we get a single statement “if hydrogen is generated by electrolysis…”, but almost no hydrogen IS generated by electrolysis and prospects that that will change aren’t good. In reality, almost all hydrogen is generated by steam reforming of methane, or worse, by steam reforming of coal. While the electric grid is getting greener with the growth of renewables supplanting fossil fuels in electricity - and doing so in an economically competitive way - that is just not currently in the cards for hydrogen.

There is one major factor that is hardly ever mentioned any videos: The material usage. Im surprised its never mentioned because thats the biggest issue in the EV production now. Shortage of lithium and semiconductors. This factor alone can be the deciding factor that tips the scale to hydrogen passanger cars. All the other parameters becomes meaningless if there arent any materials to make BEVs in the first place.

*This is just gasoline with extra steps*

The one thing she left out is most Tesla charging station especially in California are solar powered.

I really appreciate Mr Sam's hard work and high quality videos. His extremely interesting to listen and I've been learning a lot from him, making a difference into so many lives and I look forward to work with him.

Let's be real hydrogen is just a BEV with more steps. Also find it funny the hydrogen proponents were making arguments that their system wouldn't be as affected by the grid. Your fuel source requires more grid energy to generate energy than just charging a BEV. The only good argument for hydrogen I see is using it as a long term energy storage system.

Although I have criticised the first two versions I really hope you don't take it down again. Let's discuss openly, Dianna(+team)! :) I'm glad the video is back with improvements! :) I'm aware these videos are Toyota-sponsored but I think there should be more critical views on hydrogen-electric cars/vehicles. For them to go the same distance as purely battery electric cars we need about 2-3 times as much energy in ‚production‘. (~55kWh/kg for 100km range in a car vs. 15-25kWh/100km). German scientist Volker Quaschning and economist Claudia Kemfert regularly call hydrogen the ‘champagne of energy resources‘. I think for a rapid reduction of emissions we need to preserve green hydrogen and e-fuels mainly for the energy-intensive industry and planes/ships/maybe heavy duty trucks. We shouldn't ‘waste‘ green electricity to H2-cars. Also H2-cars and green hydrogen will stay too expensive for many people for many years, which further delays our energy/mobility transition. Regarding 6:51 : And yet BEVs need way less energy than hydrogen-electric cars. Again: Yes, there are use-cases for hydrogen, but in cars not so much, I think. 8:09 & 8:41 Volkswagen is aiming for BEV-trucks as well, not so much for hydrogen-electric, but I'm not well-informed enough in trucking. 8:39 I'm sorry, has anything changed with Nikola or is it still a disastrous scam? 10:06 And if we tried to fill all these vehicles with hydrogen at the same time that probably wouldn't work as well. At least with BEVs we have a decentralised refilling infrastructure and many people can recharge at home. (Yes, not everybody) 10:13 Some(!) trucks can charge while (un)loading, but for now I agree, trucks might work better with hydrogen-electric technology. 11:35 No, Without electricity you cannot use the electrical pumps at hydrogen stations. Or am I missing something?🤨 P.S.: Had to edit this comment I posted unter the previous two versions because of slightly changed video length. :)

Where is the hydrogen being sourced from? From what I understand it's sourced from the fossil fuel industry. Electrolysis isn't ideal from what I've read as it takes a lot of energy. How do we ensure the source is green?

From what I understood talking to a Hyundai engineer a few years back, the miles per tank of Hydrogen depends on the pressure in the tank (higher psi more gas) he told me that in Germany where the car came from it was regular to fill the tank to 800psi giving a range of about 800 kilometeres.

Great comparison I believe there's a place for both and should not rubbish either. Can you please look into how many years before major service is required and recycling batteries are hydrogen fuel cells

Thank you for confirming I'm not getting rid of my gas and diesel vehicles any time soon.

The low efficiency really is a deal braker in my opinion. If we want to reduce emmisions losing more than half of the power created is not a good plan.

One misleading part of the refueling comparison, most BEV owners are able to charge their cars at home. Yes it can take 8 hours to charge but that's overnight. I've had a BEV for 3 years and haven't had to stop at a gas (refueling) station since. The only time you would need a super charger is on a road trip or you can't charge at home or work.

Love the dispassionate approach and objective delivery of the information on these two technologies. I was wondering what are the environmental challenges regarding disposal when fuel cells and batteries reach their end of life?

As much as I love this series, I'm really super excited to keep seeing clips of my hometown of San Pedro.

Can we have a non-sponsored view on this?

Love the Truckla reference…Simone Giertz is awesome.

I just want to add a little point concerning efficiency/breaking (hope I didn’t miss it). I think you can’t recuperate with a fuel cell. So every breaking would be mechanical (->dirt)or wire heating (->life span). So bevs efficiency would be improved a little bit.

Great video showing the need for both battery and hydrogen electric vehicles.

They never talked about the process supplying the hydrogen and the intensive process it is.

11:35 - are you trying to tell me that when there's a grid failure, the H2 refueling stations will work? common... they won't :P

Thank you for such an informative video 😊

Thanks for all the work you put in in your videos and the space to discuss solutions. 1. Hydrogen cars have been developed in the 1990s. So it is not correct to claim that this is newer technology. 2. We have public chargers around here and I am absolutely sure that this will also come in California. 3. Most trips with cars are done under 20 km one way. It might be longer in the US, but the further away the longer the commute. 4. Also cars are not the solution to transport and mobility in densely populated areas, as the whole system uses too much resources for its purpose (however, this is outside the scope of your video). 5. You correctly stated that there are way more losses in H2-EVs than in BEVs. This also implies that we have to produce 3 times the energy with renewables (all other options contribute either directly to CO2 emissions or bet on CO2 storage, which does not work safely and efficiently). Unfortunately, we cannot build up so much renewables in short time. WE need the hydrogen for steel production much more than in cars. 6. There are some niche areas where H2 can be helpful. In areas where you have a lot of wind or solar energy production which cannot be stored otherwise or transported. There you can use the "waste" electricity and produce H2 for e.g., trains. So I would agree that there are some areas where H2 makes sense, but I highly doubt that this will be in private cars. In makes more sense in long haul freight, preferably by rail due to its 5-10 higher efficiency for transporting goods. It makes sense in long distance ships. We have some harbor ferries that run on batteries just fine so there you do not get many benefits from H2, but ferries between Norway and Germany this could actually a good idea.