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I see there is a discussion about the water. The cooling water is currently pumped from the power plant, so that has a salinity of 2/3 of sea water. The ground water at the Reykjanes peninsula is a mixture of sea water and rain water since the whole area is full of fractures leading out to the ocean. The government has invested in larger pumps that currently are being be shipped to Iceland so that they can pump large volumes of seawater to cool lava in future eruptions.

Thanks! You have been so busy but you haven’t forgotten about us and that is really appreciated! Thank you for all your content!

A good scientist always admits errors. Kudos.

Thank you, Shawn, for another clear and informative update on the situation in Iceland, much appreciated as always. No need to apologize: you added a correction to your June 19th video actually, so everything is fine, really :) Good thing that the Icelandic authorities are considering building another geothermal powerplant elsewhere on the peninsula, either as a backup or replacing Svartsengi's. As you said, all these mitigation measures are only buying them time... Again, kudos to all the workers, firefighters and Icelandic people who are doing a truly amazing job! I just love their spirit and admire their courage. "Chapeau bas !" as we say in French :) And of course, thanks to Bruce G and to Amanda Jo for helping you out.

I find the IMO has much better detailed updates now than they did back in the beginning, when it was very difficult to get any real information. Thank you for always filling in the blanks! 👍

Given the height of the existing berms around the power plant complex; wonder what the next steps will be to protect the area? Quite an engineering project if there is another upcoming eruption. PS - Wonder if it’s feasible to build a berm across the arm of the lava flow like the new roadway and direct the next lava flow in another direction?

I read on X that 9500 liters per minute were being applied recently (these last few days.) I also found basalt's specific heat is on the order of 1 Joule/gram-Kelvin (water is about 4.184 Joule/gram-Kelvin.) But the density of basalt is around 3 g/cc vs water's 1 g/cc. The enthapy of evaporation of water (100 C liquid to 100 C steam) is 2257 Joule/gram. The enthalpy of crystalization of basalt has varying figures, but I took the figure of 400 Joule/gram from some tables I looked over. Assuming the basalt requires 200 K to crystalize and assuming the water starts at room temps (not too important, though), then "(9500 liters/minute)*(1000 g/liter)*(2.5e6 joules/kg)/((400e3+200e3) joules/kg)/(3g/cc)" works out to about 0.2 m^3/s of lava being solidified. That's not much compared to the minimum effusion rate of 3 m^3/s. But it seems worthwhile when compared to the leakage of lava across the berms near Svartsengi, recently. Shawn, could you check my calcs? I'm basically familiar with these undergrad calcs. But I certainly may have missed something important. And thanks for the report!!!

Thank you for the information shared. A big hug to Iceland, which is always in my heart. I miss everyone so much.

The subsurface under the power plant is more dense yet pliable while the subsurface to the east is less dense and brittle subject to cracking and fracturing creating a path for the magma. That was my understanding anyhow.

Thanks for this update Shawn: also thanks to Amanda=Jo and Bruce. Hope you and your wife have a wonderful Rhine cruise.

It’s okay if you make mistakes Shawn! No big deal…we still love your content!

Thank you Shawn for the date. The information you give is always very interesting. Appreciate everything that you are doing. Glad to hear you had fun with the KZfaq people and the excursion you all went on. Looking forward to your next update. Have a wonderful week and river cruise.

Thanks so much for the update 😊

Thank you- appreciate your updates, love your team.

Thank you for your remarks about the "stopping" of lava. I still see the images of the center of Todoque at the start of the eruption where they tried to divert the lava with some huge concrete blocks. Eventually that square was covered by 30 meters of lava... So much for the puny human efforts...

Much appreciation for you spotlighting Iceland's response to this situation. It is indeed impressive and your balanced approach to how you cover this clearly delineating facts from observations and opinions makes a difference! Thank you,

Thank you! Great statistical analysis, Bruce!! Awesome work!!

Not seawater it’s wastewater from svartsengi

Storage area has been heated and stretched...flow into it may be same rate but it is larger and may take longer to fill. IMOO

It's good that there might be an alternative location for a power plant even though it might take awhile to build a new one. Learning about the underlying geology interests me too. May you and your wife have a great time on the cruise!

Always appreciate the update. Thank you for your time and knowledge. It is amazing to see the monumental effort being put in by the workers to save the infrastructures. They should publicly recognize all of the individuals by name if they havent already. Hope they win the battle against mother nature in the long run for all their efforts. Thanks again!

They are such a resilient nation big up for Iceland

Shawn ,thanks for the frequent updates. Enjoy your Rhine cruise. And for your information, the Laacher See volcano is quite close to Koblenz. Might be a cool side step if you pass there.

Good update. Appreciate all you do. Interesting news about the exploration for a new geo-thermal plant. Thanks to Amada Jo too for supplying you with the news stories.

I believe the borehole at Keflavik will only be sufficient for supplying district heating. I heard they are not hot enough to be used to generate electricity.

Thank you, Bruce and thank you Shawn. I would very much like to know more about the geology of the magma.

Wow! Almost 30 inches of uplift since it all started!

Thank you for your faithful updates. Glad you had a good field trip.

Thanks, Bruce, for the great graphic. I'd love to know the geology under the power plant.

I'd just like to say that I love your regular use of the word "skosh." I grew up using that, and I think my mom got it from her Iowa family. Keep up the amazing work, one "skosh" at a time!

Glad to hear that they are planning a new/backup geothermal plant. Always appreciate your updates Shawn - thank you.

Oh, I hope your cruise is wonderful. I took a Rhine cruise from Amsterdam to Basel back in the 90s (when it was rather less popular than it is now), and it was both relaxing and amazingly beautiful. One of my best vacations, ever.

Hi Shawn I wish you and vife a nice vacation in Europe. Thanks a lot for sharing the news from Iceland with us. Even with errors, we all make oops now and then. You do great work!!

As always, thank you so much for the updates. Much appreciated, Shawn! ✌💙

Bruce Garner’s work is always impressive, but with the eruption ending, his predictions for the dates of a next eruption might need to be adjusted. If the rate of inflation would increase post-eruption, which seems reasonable to consider, the dates might start in, say, August, or at least be more uncertain until a post-eruption rate of inflation becomes more clear. Does that make sense? I’d be a bit hesitant about stating the dates exclude August when conditions are quickly changing. Thanks, Shawn!

Fighting a relentless unstoppable force until the eruption stops. Hoping this eruption stops and for no new eruptions.

Thank you for the update. Much appreciated.Enjoy your cruise!

A couple of other Icelandic geologists have reported that the spillover lava was quite liquid.

Looking forward to seeing some updates from your cruise. You will love it...I did that a few years ago, and I am sure you can a new perspective to some of the treasures there!

As always…grateful for you and these updates!

Thanks, once again, Shawn for the thorough and informative update.

Thanks for all the updates you keep bringing, does really help grow knowledge in this field, fantastic subject, loads to learn Mother Earth is amazing

Thanks again for another great update! I'm so glad I found you Professor Shawn. I'm still learning in my older age. Enjoy your next trip! Bless you.

This Aussie loves your taste in music! Cheers for the updates.

I wonder if infrared photography could identify if there is still lava erupting and being transporting directly into tube(s) ??? Do the drone pilots there have that capability ??

Thank you for a great update

Thanks for the update and looking forward to seeing how the situation evolves. I'm particularly interested in future updates regarding the effort (see the 20-minute mark on the video) to, quote, "bore whore holes", unquote, as a future energy production strategy. An exciting time for geology!

Love your updates.

Great update.

Excellent thank you.. good to see your maps and explanation 😎

Thanks for all the hard work on these videos

Thank you Shawn 😊 great update very informative lesson 👍 👏 😊

The fissures south of Hagafell and inside the protective berm of Grindavik between the outer and inner protective berm is still out gassing even this morning. which shows the lava is still close to the surface and inter action with the ground water, and is releasing other volcanic gases.

Thank you shawn a geology of the area would be fantastic

Hi from Luxemburg Shawn Do you know if the workers near the lava have a protection as they are really near the toxic gases.. Thanks Pascale

Johan says he never hear the term "berm" until you used it. Made me chuckle. He's a wonderful drone pilot!

Do some "random river cuts" on your cruise!

Thank you👍

@3:19 when you pointed to the "spray water", that is actually just a leak in the delivery pipe/hose. The actual spray is up and to the right on the berm.

Very interesting!Thanks for sharing. 😊

Shouldn't you be able to see sub-surface flow with Infrared imaging?

Thanks for the update, Shawn. I always appreciate your prespective. I do have a ❓Just curious how close, if at all, the lava is to the top of the mountains, Hagefell and Þorbjörn and Sýlingarfel. Thanks, again!

Thanks Shawn!

Hot and Humid South Florida 👋

love your work Shawn

Thanks Shawn.

Please show us an overlay of the known fissures in the area of the recent lava flows. I wonder if the older fissures might be channeling lave and/or heat under the new flows. Perhaps they are guiding the flow.

Thank you Mr. Shawn!🙋‍♀️🌋❤️‍🔥

Thank You!!🙏🤗

My husband and I are thinking about visiting Iceland next winter for Northern Lights, going to or from visiting family in Norway. Maybe I can work it in a way so that we can get some volcano action going to. Thanks for the great update professor.

Thanks again Professor.

Hi from Orlando

Thanks doc can't wait to the next update wendy albany western Australia

Thanks Shawn

Thank you. Enjoyed listening to that. Di…Cumbria.

And much of the recent flow was due to collapse of much of the spatter cone, releasing the molten lava that had been contained within over the landscape.

QUESTION: What is the topography like at the "upper berm" where you thought the spill over had happened? Obviously, they built a berm there because they were concerned. With the lava field near the fissures building up thicker and thicker, it seems almost inevitable, if eruptions keep happening, that there will be a run in that direction. If lave spills over, that looks like a very steep hill.

Des Moines, Iowa, USA

It would be interesting to look at the topography, since the lava flows downhill. I don’t know how much elevation data on the new lava surface is available to the public. The large accumulations of lava from the March and May eruptions means new flows are starting at a higher elevation and have more chance of flowing over the berms, but I don’t know how much higher the berms would need to be to push the lava west in the area north of Svartsengi. We can hope that this cycle of eruptions ends before it does a lot more damage, but preparation is important.

Hi. Love your updates. But i do have a question that i was wondering about. Sinice the lava flow burst out on the bottom last week on the north side, is it possible that the lava has stopped coming to the top and out of the cone, and just go out that way, and is still on its way to Svartsengi? Of course it is less lava flow since we don't see it around the cone, but if it has found a lava tube down to svartsengi it could just as well be ongoing ??

Thanks for another great update Shawn! I have a question about Bruce's chart which is, what does E stand for in E4/E5? If it stands for eruption it would be E5/E6 right?

The dirt berms are never breached by the flows pushing them out of the way, they have to be overtopped, so they just need to be higher.

I would love to learn and understand... especially why these eruptions start where they do!

I’d love to see the lines of elevation in the relevant area. Post-eruption (while the rifts and vents are quiet) why don’t they make attempts to…sculpt…the areas where magma will most likely exit the subsurface in an effort to channel the lava flow toward lower terrain to the north or south? That’s a real question and I would like to know why they don’t do something along those lines. I’d use dynamite instead of earthmovers to get the ball rolling because the ball would of course be very very hot. I’d like a real answer from someone with solid expertise.

Hello. I have a question about Icelands current volcano areas land rise . They say that the chamber is filling up again as land is rising albeit slowly. Would the weight of the past few eruption weight down the land the volcanosnhave built to give a different reading to what it was before

Bro it's been getting dicey here in mid Utah. Apparently, there was an oblesk showed up here maybe 5 days ago. Love ya man keep up the super excellent work😊

Thx Prof ✌🏻

It's been many years since water was used to cool/slow lava to protect a town in Iceland and it was very successful. Looking back and researching that attempt to redirect the flow I notice that the process was not really to stop the flow, as the berms this time are doing but to channel the flow to miss the town and buildings by cooling the edges if the flow to redirect it to a slightly different course that still took it where it wished to flow. The water process was not even an attempt back then to slow the flow. The Met Office geologist interviewed yesterday kept saying that the water this time is to slow the lava to give more berm building time which seems very different from what they did with the water before where they just used it to cool the dudes if the flow while still letting it move at the rate it wanted ourt towards the ocean just routing it's path to be less destructive. Now that we have a good mapping of the berms, they too seem to be placed ad walls to stop the flow instead of really creating a channel where the lava can flow and spread into uninhibited areas instead if building up behind these berms. It just seems to be that the 1970's use if water to channel the flow around the town while still giving it topography to run to the ocean made for a much simpler control of the lava. When they first started the berms I actually thought they were just creating something like river banks where the lava could run between heading in a more natural way instead of building up walls to block the lava which is leading to it building up behind the berms, and then spill over. I just wonder why they are thinking blocking it is better than just controlling the path it takes to the coast?

How does the power plant deal with the uplift and the pipes bringing steam up and hot water going into the ground?

Great as always Shawn... Iceland is primarily if not fully igneous rock types from what I can see.... It is a recent (geologically speaking) land mass

hi shawn I was lookig at the data and i think its possible that the decrease in rise is possibly related to an increase in the size of the magma chamber if input remains the same the land rise will be affected by a factor of x^3 as it is a volume increase. is there any modeling on the magma chamber. I also did a curve projection based on a quadratic that gave me a target of sept 7-21. i dont think a linear fit is best to predict here. i see a logarithmic curve forming that intersects all the eruption points

Have a wonderful vacation! 😊

It would be great to get your opinion on the recent Mount St. Helens activity.

Just a quick question, could you possible due an episode on what is happening at Mt. Saint Helens in WA state. Heard they were having a bunch of earthquakes in and below the crater. Love your KZfaq channel. Thanks.

Mow that we have had months of new lava flows, when will they issue new topography maps? I expect that any new eruptions may flow differently depending on the new topography. It would be interesting to see how much these previous flows have raised the ground.

Shawn if you want to see another interview(s) with Thor Thordarson you could checkout the youtube channel of Iceland Review. They just posted the first of 2 interviews. While this is a simple and just for the public interview it still is interesting. he talks about the end of the series and how it could go on from there. Also some nice drone footage from Arthur "Art" Bicnick. On another issue: forecast and prediction mean the same thing and can totally be used interchangeably. The word forecast probably has germanic roots while prediction is coming from Latin - since English is a weird romanic-germanic language mix you get quite a lot of words meaning the same from both language roots. A prediction can be precise or fuzzy and vage - so can be a forecast. You may have been getting used to calling it weather forecast and not weather prediction but it is the same and both means it is not precise and has a vage element to it and probabilities and some things are more sure than others. Same thing with geologic/volcanologic predictions. TL;DR predictions = forecast

Looks like the flow is closer than kilometer from the power plant closer to 1/2 kilometer.

Aloha, from Makaha...can't wait to see your assessment of where the lava is coming from threatening the power plant...I have an idea of the source, just want to see if I'm spot on with your assessment....

As I understand it the 3? regional heating plants have not connected their systems, that would be a first step while they build the new powerplant.