I actually used these IC regulators to build a dual transmitter/receiver RC battery cycler many decades ago. Since you can so easily program them via a variable resistor (trim pot), you can set the drop out voltage to switch from a fixed current discharge rate to charge the batteries again. And that cycler worked great... Thumbs Up Between these TL431's and the LM555 timer chips, that have to be the most used IC's every invented!

I like using the Burr Brown 10VDC REF102..then use a divider..or adjustable pot...then buffer that with nice power amp if you need more current...like use a LM675 Thanks for explaining the TL431

It can be used also as a comparator, just like an opamp. I love this chip!

TL is a TI part number and LM a National part number. (Not that it matters now.) There's also an OnSemi KA prefix among others.

i love your work friend! thank you so much

431 and it's alternative is one of the best programable voltage standard for the price with L317 it can deliver any voltage you want ..As i said ..one of the best ..only better option is precision heated zener with Opamp ..but complexity is much higher and also price...but if needed 431 is the best as first stage precision voltage source

Merci.

Nice explanation.

One more trick you can do, a audio amp?

Thanks! How about that? A relative that you w-a-n-t to stick around. lol. Good tip.

your arrow across the resistor can confuse someone that doesn't know (understand) electricity/electronics ....