Below my grandparents home in Mid Tennessee on Roaring River, there is whats always been called Copper Bluff and its amazing to see how our indigenous people sourced copper here!

As a Cajun with a lot of Jewish friends, I'll confirm "just liked the taste" is often hereditary either genetic or cultural. Sometimes your mama just liked that a lot and so you do too, sometimes youre wired the same as your mama and so you're predisposed to need it, and sometimes the way your family lives makes it end up the same. Many paths to the same peak. Food and culture and language are a beautiful knot that history ties. Shout out to all those kids that drank the juice when the pickles were gone. Bigger shout out to people who like dehydrated shrimp.

Interesting that some eastern woodlands people kept bears for ritual feasting, sounds very similar to something the Ainu in Hokkaido (Japan) would do in the past

Love it when you answer these questions! They were really good ones.

I'd love to get a full length video about more of the agricultural and horticultural information. Thanks for sharing!

I’ve read warriors with bi-polar symptoms were chosen to hunt the wooly mammoths. It’s sad we don’t have this species around anymore so now we have to medicate them.

Great to have you back, Nathanael.

I recently found 3 points right up against tree trunks, obviously being pushed up by roots as you said.

I used to live in a California town in San Luis Obispo County called Los Osos. When the first Spanish exposition went through and contacted the Indigenous inhabitants they were ritually feasted There were bears that were kept in the village that were slaughtered and served for the meal The Spanish chronicelers wrote of it in their journal

I wanted to say thanks. I'm actually reading the article you described as "gold". I'm only at page 50 so far and I love the part where pictograph making is described. You basically draw your face by mostly depicting your face tattoos and then the object that is your name above your head. Awesome

Thank you so much for the update on the copper 😊

Reading "To Render the God of Water..." Fascinating material. Interesting to me that many Woodland culture practices correspond to those of Indians in Southern California, my area of interest. Thank you so much. 😊🥰

Man, just hearing you talk about hunting parties to get bison and mammoths gives me a primal hankerin' in my soul for a taste of mammoth

It's thought that the ancestors of the Channel Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis), off the Santa Barbara shore in California, were introduced by native people, possibly as pets or for spiritual reasons, so foxes should be added to the list of possible indigenous pets/captive animals. Collins, 1991 "Interaction between the island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) and Indians on islands off the coast of southern California. I Morphologic and archaeological evidence of human assisted dispersal" Rick, et al. 2009 "Origins and antiquity of the island fox (Urocyon littoralis) on California's Channel Islands" Hofman, et al. 2015 "Mitochondrial Genomes Suggest Rapid Evolution of Dwarf California Channel Islands Foxes (Urocyon littoralis)"

Poverty point is one of the trips I want to make this year. I live near New Orleans, .. will be a nice trip .

Interesting about clay soils and cracks. A large oak fell on my place and pulled a large plug of ground up with it's roots. As weather cleans the roots and they rot away, the artifacts, fossils, whatever will be stirred and confused.

it was a test of skill in Edmonton in GRADE THREE to hand catch Richardson's ground squirrels. I caught a coyote pup. I have the scar above my eye to prove it. I was THE MAN for months in grade three.!!!!!

i've read that the indigenous in my region at the great lakes farmed and kept turtles as pets , which would make sense as they'd be easy to manage . knowing the different turtles of the area i'd guess 'wood turtles' would have been best suited , they don't snap, and are sociable with humans.

I love your videos, thanks!

Your Iron Maiden shirt is way cool! We would have a lot in common out in the feild,other than your a professional ,I’m am not. Lol

Who remembers the show, “Gentle Ben”?

Awesome brother👍🇺🇸

I like their turkey farming strategy. Modern farming: you raise one bird, you eat one bird. Their farming: you raise one bird, you eat many birds.

I tell myself kids used bird points around the ranch to hunt mice, rats, & chipmunks 😄

Just stumbled onto your channel and I love it. I have a question that has intrigued me for a while and I've gotten different answers from different people. Do you think that one specific culture made only one type of projectile point/blade? I've heard this being said by archaeologists before but I just don't know. Being a flint knapper myself, I'm constantly making different types of points and blades for different purposes. Maybe you could use this question in your next Q/A video. Thanks

Cool Iron Maiden shirt! Have you ever encountered any upper Paleolithic / pre Clovis artifacts in your time in the field?

Love your work! Please do a video about examples of how an archaeology site is found. How do you know where to dig? How is a site reported to archeologists and protected from the amature public? What laws (state/federal) help or perhaps hurt professional archeologists? How do we help you without hurting the cause? Cheers mate!

I would *love* for you to do a video on what we know about chunkey.

Is there any evidence that some of these projectile points are actually other tools? I've seen some in a local museum that are very asymmetrical, they were all labeled as projectile points but is it possible some of them are drills or scalpels or something?

In terms of copper artifacts: We found a Native American burial many years ago here in Virginia Beach off of Great Neck rd, just above the Chesapeake Bay. The find was called the "Great King of Great Neck." The excavation I believe was conducted by The Virginia Archeology Society (not sure who it was that was in charge), nevertheless, the body was excavated. The body was covered in copper beads, which helped to somewhat preserve the remains. I was privileged to see the body one night after a Society meeting. The remains were being housed in the basement of one Mr. Floyd Painter ( Archeologist without portfolio), which was shocking to me. To see the remains of this man's body of importance laying on a table, unprotected, among the disheveled trash and tons of artifacts just laying around was very alarming and concerning to me. Is this the normal behavior of Archeological Societies for excavations of importance? I quit going to meetings after that, realizing that these people were nothing more than relic hunters, and much below my expectations.

I've heard from elders that blowgun darts were occasionally poisoned--but I've never heard anyone say with what or why so I'll bet most of the knowledge surrounding that was either intentionally obscured during Removal or the plants/animals used simply don't live this far west, thus the practice died out. A lot is remembered about shocking/killing fish with different biologics that are more rare here (SE Oklahoma) than our homelands (Mississippi/Alabama). I get the feeling poised darts either started off with or developed a negative connotation and did not survive much past the Civil War (I have heard multiple times that poisoned darts were used during the Civil War in IT; however it's usually in context of "that's how desperately bad things got here, people were using questionable methods of war"). We primarily make blowgun darts with sharpened cane points, so I'd bet there is very little in the archaeological record to find and test! I've heard the ultra small arrow points were used for fishing, but also that a human can be taken out with a surprisingly small arrow point (much thinner skin than most game animals, no thick protective fur, and more exposed vital organs), and some that are identified as 'bird points' were actually war points.

Appalachian sources? Copper Hill, baby.

I have read a few papers recently, describing evidence of paleo use of toxicants for placement on projectile points. And, there appears to be evidence of such weapons being utilized in the Japan and Kamchatka region for hunting marine mammals. Some of the research suggested potential poisoning technology moving around the Pacific Rim down the kelp highway with first peoples. I'll try locating my notes on this information, but also about new technology advances in determining DNA and other residues on a wide range of points.With such a reliance on foods and medicinal plants, there must have been utility of may plant materials capable of altering game physiology enough to more safely and easily approach them for harvest. Then too, thinking about dragging a sled load of meat back to camp, with some huge fierce megafauna predators looking for easy pickings, sends chills up my spine. How frequent did similar chills raise the hair on the necks of paleo hunters being closely followed and harassed by a pack of dire wolves? Wouldn't it be handy to be carrying a pouch of plant toxins capable of being slipped into pieces of meat dropped in the trail behind to delay and sicken predators?

I read a study ~2 years ago that proposed that hunting of mammoths was less common than typically believed. This was based on numbers of broken Clovis points at mammoth kill sites compared to broken points at bison kill sites. The bison sites contained a larger number of broken tips so they concluded that mammoth sites represented opportunistic butchering sites rather than kill sites. Opinions?

So bobcats are just too wild no matter how it is tamed and they may be of little use?

Can you explain the spread of red earth burials. Asia to America, Europe to America, all simultaneous, America to Europe or to Asia?

how does one become an archaeologist like yourself?

2. things would farming fishes/turtles/crayfish be considered pets??? eh. and 2nd. thing is New research is suggesting that Direwolves survived much longer than original thought in the appalachians, any other late surviving megafauna you now of in certain places??

What is your take on b Americans claiming to be the real indigenous people of the America's. I see it as disinformation. What is your real take on it?

Your Iron Maiden shirt is way cool! We would have a lot in common out in the feild,other than your a professional ,I’m am not. Lol