"Off the shelf anti-electrons" I haven't been using the storebought variety since my favourite brand went out of business. All the ones out there now use corn syrup :/

I just realized I love how you speak freely and don't need jump cuts or many cuts at all. Watching and listening to you feels so fluently. Even though you are not the classical youtuber, people should takes notes.

I'd make a joke about this being standupphysics, but I'll just call it applied standupmaths.

Matt's hair is in a superposition.

So that's where Matt's hair annihilated

That's not the Dirac Equation, that's the Klein Gordon equation! Each part of the Dirac equation satisfies the Klein Gordon equation, but the solutions to the Dirac equation have some extra constraints, and the components mix when rotated. There's some chirality business too. Fun fact: the Dirac equation predicts negative energy solutions, which is what Dirac thought they would be, but, when you actually do quantum field theory, these negative energy solutions get converted into positive energy anti-electrons. Negative energy stuff in QFT are called ghosts and are to be avoided when possible.

The "chunky blocks" mentioned at 4:10 that does the slowing down of the particles in the accelerator is the RF cavity and it is visible at 4:38 (the bulky thing covered in shiny film and with red cables coming out of it). And since asking for corrections in the description is just an invitation to get hailed on by pedants: The difference between the two antimatter gravity experiments mentioned (Gbar and Aegis) has nothing to do with the additional deceleration of antiprotons by ELENA (the small ring seen in the video), and both experiments need antihydrogen at energies many orders of magnitude smaller than the ejection from ELENA. They simply have two different strategies for measuring something as small as the gravitational acceleration of a single atom. Some more info on the cool experiments going on here: The antiproton mass is determined by ASACUSA by swapping out one of the electrons in a helium atoms with an antiproton, and then doing laser spectroscopy on it before it annihilates, home.cern/about/experiments/asacusa ALPHA has done the measurements of internal energy levels of antihydrogen by trapping the antihydrogen in a magnetic field and keeping it around long enough that it can be measured with lasers and microwaves, alpha.web.cern.ch/ The BASE experiment does precise measurements on single antiprotons at a time, and was the first experiment to ever measure something on antimatter better than it has been measured on ordinary matter, base.web.cern.ch/

Damn your hair grows fast

I literally went in the same building last month in a university society trip to CERN. I can't believe I missed Matt by so little (ARGHH). The place is awesome, I saw the anti-hydrogen accelerator, pretty damn dope.

How about pasta and antipasti?

If the anti-Parker-square came in contact with the Parker-square would it solve, or annihilate?

Dirac was an interesting character. Einstein once wrote of him, "this balancing on the dizzying path between genius and madness is awful".

7:34 I love the fact that Matt also took the time to edit the video so that when a car passes by it doesn't only cover his image but also the equation's, too.

Lol I love how you put the graphics behind the cars

matt - i loved the editing when the cars passed, the equations stayed on your level behind the cars!

He's got Schrodinger's hair.

Your overview of the Dirac's equation was super interesting, thanks a lot. I never expected anyone to be able to simplify it and break it down without actually missing out any important details.

Awesome Matt :) You are doing great stuff. I also recently read your book-things to make and do in fourth dimension. It was thought provoking and full of fun.

Been there about a year ago, it was so interesting! Thanks for bringing some good memories back

Who would dislike this video, to me that is perplexing. You kind of know what you get in to when you click "Inside an Antimatter Factory" by "Stand-up Maths" or is it just me? :)

what if our current physics equations aren't wrong, but anti-right

“Anti-matter anti-accelerator” would you mean “decelerator”, Matt?

This a very enjoyable video to watch. My favorite part of the video was when you broke down the equation of the electrons movement I find it hard to read some of these equations because of the overwhelming amount of symbols used in a lot of the formulas but you mad it quite easy to understand. Thanks!

Matt, you’re a great presenter of this material! You kept my attention well.

This was a GREAT episode!! Really enjoyed going over PAM Dirac's formula! I'm one of those, just interested nerds. That's doing whatever I can to advance physics. All my heroes are in a picture on my wall at home, the 1927 Solvay conference. Thanks for doing this one!

Should have taken Tom Scott with you.

I got to visit the antimatter complex at the cern open days in 2019 and man what a day it was! Once this pandemic is over I definitely have to go back to cern, there is still so much left to see and everyone there was so amazingly nice

this was awesome! thanks so much for the tour and also the higher level explanations about Dirac's equations and his historic role in theoretical physics!

Hey Matt, great video! Just one small detail at 10:30, in physics, the term anti-matter/anti-particle is basically used to refer to particle with fliped charges (and an another quantity that allows us to talk about neutral particles like anti-neutrinos), but the name anti-particle does not include a flip on the sign of the mass of the particle, so, as the anti-particles have the same king of mass as the normal particles, both of them would behave the same way on a gravitational field. When we want to flip the mass of something, we refer to that as "negative matter", and it does have some pretty interesting cinematic solutions for the gravitational force due to its negative mass (assuming that the Newtons Laws also works for them, of course), you should take a look at that! Thanks for all the great videos!

You mentioned that we do not know how exactly antimatter behaves in a gravitational field. If antimatter were repelled by gravity as opposed to matter being attracted by gravity, could we assume that most of the antimatter was slung to the far reaches of the universe just after the big bang, and then continue accelerating away (from everything)? In that way, antimatter would be something of a "super gas" which would make it very difficult to get close enough to form atoms/molecules. Would also the matter of the universe be gravitationally attracted to this antimatter "shell" thus causing the expansion of the universe? Just a couple idle thoughts popping through my head on their way to the far reaches of the universe :)

Great video! Location, topic, and quotes are all stellar. Keep it up. Thank you.

I was there a year ago and got to see the same places, great video!

Whoever invented the Hadron Collider really knows how to make a cool name. Imagine just walking up to someone and going "yeah I invented the Hadron Collider, no biggie."

"this is the largest collection of anti-atoms anywhere in the universe". That's quite presumptuous of you

The mathematics of Physics is literally my favourite thing ever! Please do more videos where you go through the actual equations. I’d love to see one where you discuss how Einstein derived his field equations

that is the kind of quality we like in a video thanks mate

So, if the current laws of physics aren't completely correct does that mean we can call them "Parker Laws"?

An anti-proton should be called a negaton.

Fantastic. I hadn't even conceived the possibility that anti-matter could fall upward until watching this video. Great job as always.

Thank you for explaining the individual mathematical symbols, Not that I understand them but it does help when their given a definition to associate with.

Misread it as "Inside an American Factory" at first :P

Woah anti-hair

Thanks so much for your optimism and contagious enthusiasm. For those in the USA, similar opportunities are available with NASA though they aren't talked about much. In high school, our physics teacher worked out a deal for students to go there and work on projects. Mostly these were "slave labor" type things like counting fruit flies (Life Sciences), measuring the diameter of fiber optic materials in different solutions over time (once a week measure how much 12 different materials increase or decrease diameter - Engineering Physics) but really this just got you in the door and opportunities were available all around in Space Sciences and unbelievable projects (I'd tell you but you wouldn't believe it). See, scientists are a different breed, especially physicists though some biologists and even occasionally chemists and engineering types, don't really care what letters come after your name. They care how you can help the projects along. All sorts of skills and talents are useful, even the ability to drill a hole (something apparently rare among graduate students) or sketch up experiment designs. They love what they are doing and love to spread that enthusiasm. They don't really have too much time to hold your hand so you have to be able to go find answers, solve problems, walk around and ask people who may know where to point you. Which is fabulous because then you meet more and more wonderful people; not just the scientists but support people from great number cruncher mercenary mathematicians to maintenance people who have been around and seen more science than most people alive and can tell you where to find free equipment and teach you to use it. There will be the occasional peacocks who are condescending and obsessed with status (lot of chemists, but in fairness they are often dependent on grants year to year for their positions and more desperate for status) but don't worry about it, they really have no authority over you but best to be tactful (took me a while to figure that out). How to get started? That physics teacher I mentioned was excellent at picking the right people, not just based on test scores but on their independence, ability to get things done and cooperate, to keep their wits about them and not be hand holders. If that's you then call a science place and ask if there's anyone using or needing students for labor. Get a teacher or someone qualified to vouch for you, references. Be persistent! Get an interview or meeting with anyone, a PR person, a janitor, community relations, whatever. Once you're there keep asking who to talk to. Always be available to help whoever. Remember that for every brick wall posing as a person there are many others who love science and are the kindest, most helpful people in the world.

Great video Matt.

Getting your hair annihilated to get Parker hair and embracing it is a bald move.

what's the rate of production for antihydrogen?

Solid Steins;Gate vibes all throughout. Seriously, amazing stuff.

fantastic video on the subject!

How can we remotely tell if a celestial object is matter or antimatter? At 11:24 you make it sound very definitive that we know. Could we empirically check if, say, another galaxy were made of matter or antimatter using spectroscopy? Shouldn't anti-hydrogen release the same frequency of light from the same excitation states?

What do they have against matter?

Beautiful!! Dig the t-shirt!

Thanks for breaking down that equation. I remember this video from last year but I wasn't as good at math then as I am now. Thanks again.

He has hair!

Is it really an anti-matter factory, or is it a matter anti-factory?

I've now been there, it's AWESOME. Managed to go with college and got to go into the tunnels because it was off for maintenance. If anyone gets the chance to go to cern, do it, there's so much amazing stuff

12:51 I spot a TDS3012 there, complete with floppy drive and the expensive FFT option. Old but still good.

Antimatter and matter annihilate each other, but does this only work with the matching counterpart? Can an antiproton only be annihilated by a proton?

Matt met his antihair

Hello, physicist here who has worked at x-ray synchrotrons. Just a small point on the reason the LHC is so big. Accelerating charged particles give off radiation. Where going around a bend counts as accelerating due to the changing of direction of the velocity vector. Sharper bends, more acceleration and more energy radiated from the particles. You would then need lots more energy to maintain their speed. Bigger ring, less acceleration so less energy required to get the particles to higher and higher speeds.

Outstanding video.

Shouldn't the factory have annihilated as soon as you walked in?

What's to say half the galaxies in the universe aren't made of antimatter?

One of my friends (undergrad students of physics) is going to work at cern this summer! He's doing his BSc in Particle Physics so it works out nicely :)

I really haven't got a clue what he's talking about, that math is way above my skills, but it's like watching a musician, I have no clue how they come up with great music but I love to listen to and watch them perform it. I imagine it in my mind and I love the thought of Dirac working out all this math, which somehow, explains an electron, and then he points out that since two parts of the equation are squared it means it can be either positive or negative. I do understand the dual solution for squares, so I'm like, "Yeah! I get it!" . . . . . . . so anyway, I love when you work on something and finally get it and then you realize it means two great things instead of one and the second is just as useful. 2 for 1. Okay, so maybe I'm geeking a bit too much on this but I seriously love it!

Who else spotted Tom Hanks in the background running past with Vatican documents in hand?

Does it really matter?

A fantastic video!

You even moved the equation behind the cars coming. Nice touch

So the Parker square is an anti-magic square?

Antimatter is parker matter

Real Dr.Who right here. I would travel the cosmos learning things from this man

16:19 "that my visit to CERN" & on the background "NO VISIT!" :D

Who is the main customer?

Matt and the Antimatter Factory (Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, if it isn't obvious)

I like this guy. He's really good at keeping me interested.

I love how standupmath theme is played while you are talking about the Paul Dirac's equation.

Why does this sound to much of an April fools day joke

280 likes 2800 views. Interesting

Lucie takes you to the coolest places.

amazing video!

Those blocks are not actually concrete, but iron from the magnets from LEP, the predecessor of LHC.

12:52 was that a Windows 95 machine?

I think it's pretty cool that those CERN drivers didn't want to interrupt the video, and also that Matt didn't make them wait. I also didn't know that anti-matter was predicted before it was observed, nor that the math behind it was accidental. Neat video.

I subscribed for math and now I'm getting physics. I'm not even mad, this is amazing!

Positron + electron = ???

Pro-tip: An anti-accelerator would be a decelerator.

this video is amazing it should go viral

5:25 imagine seeing this dude filming himself while pointing at grass and thinking what he might be talking about.. the maths of antimatter of course..

That shirt looks like it's more than just random circles. Care to explain yourself?

SCP-2123

Awesome video! :D

Best physics video on StandUpMaths ever!

Hi people who just finished watching this video!

Of course he didn't cover how Cern is actually researching time machines through the creation of miniature black holes. Steinsgate has taught me about the real intentions of Cern.

We really need a follow up video on the experiments!!

Really interesting!

Silly question, if we suddenly switched from matter to anti-matter, would every single LED light stop working?

7:04 You mean divided by Tau

Making antimatter...and dropping it. *I love it.*

I love how they basically built the equivalent of a playground to help the "kids" run around and get all of their energy out. I mean, there's probably more to it than that, but it's still funny to think about.