Excellent point, well made.

Thanks for watching! You can now find the links to the other two films in the FT's pinned comment here, as well as the thumbnails that appear at the end of this film. They can be watched in any order, so please check out the other films too.

@@SimonMundy those 2 are hydrogen film ? not lithium ?

Thanks for watching! According to the latest estimates from the US Geological Survey (among others), Chile has the world's largest reserves, while Bolivia has the largest resources. This page gives a useful explanation of the difference: www2.bgs.ac.uk/mineralsuk/mineralsYou/resourcesReserves.html

una cosa es la reserva y la otra el deposito

Does nationalization of industry ever work? It doest matter how often nationalization fails they always say 'this time it'[l be different'

Australia is the largest exporter of lithium by a significant margin. Not sure why they are focusing so much on south America.

No one knows. It will be much more technical play than arab's dominating crude. currently standard car battery need 8 kg Li and Tesla battery need more. But 20 years down the line Car battery will require may be 4 Kg of Li. Then Li from spent battery after 8 to 10 years will go for recycle and will be back in system. Certainly it will not be as open and shut case of crude.

@@danielthunder9876 reason for focusing on Chile is Lithium extracted from brine and water deplation concern. Australia is about hard rock mining of Li and any tradition way of mining.

@@danielthunder9876 south america labour is cheap / weak environmental protection / high corruption / low operational cost / low corporate tax / higher profit

Truly. 100% of lithium from batteries is recoverable from recycling. Recycling at scale costs about as much as mining/processing ($21/kg). The problem is there are few organized lithium hydroxide recovery programs in the world. This will only change by government policy intervention.

This will certainly be very important in the future. But the amount of lithium in consumer products today is nowhere near what will be needed to complete the energy transition. Another 25 or 30 years of full production will be required before we can taper off to a much lower level of mining.

They can't possibly do any worse. In fact, lithium mining couldn't come within a country mile of the amount of damage that oil does in a hundred different countries.

Hi, thanks for watching. Please see my earlier reply on Bolivia.

If you mean your comment to rodrigofernandezortiz it is not visible Could you repeat pls

Sodium ion technology might become a significant player for grid storage, in a decade (if it proves out). It will not likely be used in mainstream EVs because the Na batteries are too heavy. It is interesting that the price dropped. Not sure what might have caused that, but possibly connected to Ford and GM and VW all having second thoughts on the speed of their rollout. In any event, this price drop will benefit automakers who are still going full speed ahead. And it might offer a ray of hope to the laggards like Toyota who are just now ramping up. Enjoy it while you can. Lithium is likely to go right back up soon, and it might stay up for another decade or so.

Just like what happened with lead acid batteries. New lead acid batteries are 95% old battery

changing the way they mine will cost money which means that they won't change unless they are forced to or enticed to. You would be surprised by the amount of new technology they would find as soon as you force companies to be less wasteful

>> What about sodium ion?

Sodium ion has lower energy density per kg and per liter than lithium ion. Eventually sodium ion will be 30% cheaper per kWh than lithium ion, but it will focus on home batteries, grid storage and low-end autos, whereas lithium ion will focus on the high end of the market (autos, electronics, etc.). CATL is planning to sell hybrid lithium ion and sodium ion, and we may see a lot of that in the future.

Unfortunately, they can not solve the technology application and are failing to meet the challanges.. see the share prices drop for lake resources..

@@Andeburg1 what are you talking about? Their DFS is published and the DLE is validated by independent 3rd party. Scalable and commercial ready. They had s webinar today and David Snydacker of Lilac discussed the tech at length. Stock price is artificially deflated. Has 0 bearing on wether or not Lake is viable. SP is a result of first commercial sale not projected till 2027. Stop spreading lies.

Hi, many thanks for watching. According to the latest estimates from the US Geological Survey (among others), Chile has the world's largest reserves, while Bolivia has the largest resources, which is a different thing. Details here: pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2022/mcs2022-lithium.pdf

Bolivia has the largest lithium "resources", but they aren't considered "reserves" until they are economically exploitable. Currently Bolivia only has experimental extraction of its lithium, because it extraction costs are too expensive. Bolivia is trying to do experimental direct extraction techniques, because it can't compete with Chile and Argentina using conventional extraction.

@@amosbatto3051 do you think they will industrialize it before 2030?

Yeah right. I would like to buy those cheap sodium batteries. Could you give me a link to a good online store?

Solid battery still using lithium. Sodium ion battery could be a safer and cheaper option in the future if we find the way to increase energy density and range to use on vehicle.

there is nothing environmentally friendly about mining, period.

Lithium extraction is dirty, but it will likely get must cleaner in the future with direct extraction techniques in the salt flats (Chile, Argentina, Tibet and Nevada) and the use of renewable energy in the grinding, smelting and refining of spodumene (Australia, Sichuan, Zimbabwe, Portugal, Canada) & lepidolite (Yichun). At any rate, EVs have much less GHG emissions than ICE vehicles, which is the most important factor.

Sodium-ion batteries will be in cars in June 2024.

Sodium ion batteries are always 5 years away. They were talking about sodium ion batteries taking over lithium ion batteries 10 years ago

The S curve says growth will eventually flatten, but what evidence do you have that it’s flattening already? In particular, evidence that can’t be explained away by the current high interest rate environment that is affecting all large projects? I think we have a few doublings to go through before a flattening.

Solar and wind are hardly flattening. They are growing like gangbusters, as are EV sales. Even in the US, EV sales for 2023 are up 35% over 2022. Lithium prices just dropped, because more supply has come online. This means more lithium for storage and EVs. Supply is growing rapidly, and it will be needed.

The internal combustion engine is at best 20% efficient or electric motors 95%. So right there we can have five times the power for the same amount of oil. I don't know why this isn't more understood I'd be curious to your reaction to this information which should be pretty obvious. Just trying to understand how people think

Where's your source ?

If thats true, where are the sodium ion batteries? They are always 5 years away

Funny how that "folly" is now powering 33% of new cars in China and 25% of new cars in Europe. Any auto company that isn't racing to develop EVs as fast as possible will go bankrupt within a decade, because this an S-curve tech disruption which means non-linear growth and the death of incumbents that can't adapt. By 2025 or 2026, EVs are going to reach selling price parity with ICEVs, and once that happens, it is basically game over for ICEVs. I expect that EVs will be the majority of new auto sales by 2026 in China, by 2027 in Europe, by 2030 in North America, and by 2032 in the rest of the world.

Horses work so much better than gasoline engines we don't have to worry about them r ever disappearing. They make themselves and run on grass, they also make fertilizer it's the perfect system, there's also all the jobs picking up horse poop and taking care of them.

Even if we kept consumption the same, the move to renewable energy and EVs will require immense amount of batteries and energy storage for power. I do agree though in general, overconsumption is a massive problem, and there is a major imbalance across the world

they have been around for a long time just like lithium in the 1960 this tech is not new john goodenough invented the lithium battery in the 60's. Na+ batteries wont catch on for another 30 years sodium destroys a lot of things to much hype in this world and that what companies do make you think its new but its not

>> salt water batteries are in development.

Sodium is much heavier than Lithium.

You're failing to see the exponential growth behind the numbers you're quoting. "EVs are 0.02%" - Yes, but they're 10% of new car sales. 14% with PHEVs. That's from essentially 0% just 8 years ago. In Norway we've gone from 0% to around 20-30% of the cars ON THE ROAD being EVs in those 8 years. "with a 15% penalty to carry power to the charger" - That's an odd thing to quote, considering that the efficiency from well to wheel for gasoline fuel is MUCH worse. We need much less electric energy to power our cars than we need energy from oil to power gasoline cars, when looking at the primary energy. That 15% penalty is remarkably good considering what it's replacing. Even if you continue using fossil fuels on the grid, the CO2 emmisions will be lower, and the total energy usage will be lower. "Total solar and wind production 5% of world power over 20 years of building." - Yes, but most of it was built in just the last few years. The growth is exponential, and showing no signs of slowing down. We've heard this so many times before: "solar/wind is just 0.01%".. "solar/wind is just 0.1%" ... "solar/wind is just 1%"... don't you see where this is going? Look at the logistics curve, the curve that characterizes most technology transitions. Once you get to 5-10% you can expect to get to 80-90% in a remarkably short time. Those first few percent (and the last few) is the most difficult part. "The only chance that electricity will power most vehicles is thermonuclear power or potentially geothermal" - Why? This makes zero sense. Both are more expensive and slower to build than wind and solar. What's more: solar and wind is now growing FASTER than nuclear power ever did in its entire history. The main downside of solar/wind is the intermittency. But it makes absolutely no sense to consider that a downside in the context of transportation. That's the one market that is actually very flexible when it comes to load balancing. I've got my EV car set up to charge based on electricity prices right now. It's super easy. I can easily delay charging by days if there's less solar/wind a certain period. Hell, in South Australia they've even started using Vehicle-to-Grid to let cars feed power back to the grid when needed. They're a prime example that you can reach very high share of renewables with the right solutions.

​@@auspiciouslywildI sincerely Thank You for educating me & helping me decide on my next investment. ❤

You cant store wind or solar energy, making it useless

In Sept. 2023, EVs (BEVs + PHEVs) accounted for 25% of new car sales in Europe and 37% of new car sales in China, according to Jose Pontes at EV Volumes. This is a classic case of S-curve tech disruption which means non-linear growth and the death of incumbents that can't adapt. We are going to see a lot of Kodaks and Nokias in the auto industry in the next decade, and the first ones will likely be Mazda and Mitsubishi. In the global power industry, we are at the tail end of the S-curve, meaning that most of the disruption has already happened. In H1 2023, only 4% of new global electricity generation came from fossil fuels according to EMBER, with 109 TWh from wind, 104 TWh from solar, 14 TWh from other renewables (mainly biomass) and 9 TWh from fossil fuels.