"Oh, I rust from time to time."

Tumbling...

What? I talk to my rocks. But I have no answer when they ask "Where you been all my life, baby?" All I can think to reply comes from Mark Twain: _"I had been dead for billions and billions of years before I was born, and had not suffered the slightest inconvenience from it.”_

Everyone should have the right to know the age of the rocks we're dating before getting serious to be sure they're mature enough...

I’m still waiting for the scientist dating app. We can call it Carbon Dating and you can say you met organically

HA!

Probably just an OS update.

Or the Earth forgot to get out of the Nomad for a while.

😂🤣😂

Restore points are important

There are several kinds of unconformities. An unconformity with sedimentary rocks (such as the Tapeats Sandstone) above and metamorphic rocks (such as the Vishnu Schist) below is called a nonconformity. "The Great Nonconformity" would sound REALLY Orwellian.

Final Fantasy Great Unconformity

@@andy56duky or Final Great Unconformity Fantasy

With Stephen King’s color palate on the font.

Synonymous not billions of kilometers, but kilometers of rock which are billions of years old

To show the power of FlexTape, I removed this rocks from earth!

That's about 6.7x the sun-earth distance...

@@andrewzhang1290 no it was both. They mentioned in the video the total sum of missing rock was in the billions of cubic kilometers.

Its funny how fast life came back tho

your belongings get subducted below the couch's crust into the couch mantle.

@@awesomelyshorticles I haven't been this unlucky, but this morning I found my wallet on the couch... 0_o Do you think the couch subducted my wallet out of it's pocket? The thief!

Master Therion 😆

Disappointing, must try harder.

@@awesomelyshorticles 😂😂

Oh man this is a good, well thought out joke. You deserve more.

That's called bull headed , god complex ... When you simply can't agree even when all the evidences line up

I wish they'd do that with "global warming". Still no solid evidence anywhere and it's all theory, no facts. I don't think paying higher taxes to corrupt governments is going to make it cooler in summertime.

You mean what is hypothesis and what is evidenced based thoery. There are very few facts.

@@mischarowe the same was said when someone found Gobekli tepe ... Friggin 14000 bce

@@Shade-Slayer Your comments sound anti-science.

I can with peanut butter in my mouth😊

Humans Are a Virus I went to two private schools throughout my schooling and both were incredibly unprofessional. Just because it’s a private school, it doesn’t mean it’s any better than a public one. Most private schools tend to be religious as well.

@Brian George I was about to say that bhahahahhah.

Analogy Accepted Off the top of my head I can think of a few. Like, how we changed “slew” to “slayed.”

@@gorgthesalty , Dr Joe of *_It's OK to be Smart_* mentions similar in _words we've forgotted_

@Humans Are a Virus Not everyone can afford a private school that's why there's public schools at all.

eyyyyyyy

That pun was gneiss!

Why did I read this in William Shatner's voice...

@@jerotoro2021 maybe because I typed it in William Shatner's voice.

@Possert74 back into the oceans. I suspect that to nearly completely cover the Earth with snow and glaciers, it probably took a great deal of the water of the oceans. Back in our most recent ice age, ice sheets covered a lot of the northern hemisphere, causing sea level to drop several hundred feet/meters. That left the Siberian-Alaskan land bridge exposed, much of the North Sea was dry (what wasn't covered in ice), and continental shelves were exposed over much of the Earth. The main reason there wasn't as much ice coverage during the most recent Ice Age in the southern hemisphere is simply because there is no where near as much land below the equator as there is above. And what land there is, is too far north to be affected by the Ice Age. Nevertheless, water levels dropped just as far as they did in the north. However, back when Snowball Earth was supposed to take place, the land above sea-level was distributed in a vastly different way compared to now.

Powell was obviously impressed with it.

Make Unconformitys great again.

@@apeofjustice7109 Is that on Trumps agenda nowadays too? XD

maybe great means size?

@@AbstractZealot why do you have to be such a typical fool and bring your politics into the KZfaq community? Stop being the South end of a North bound mule. 🙄

hahahahah nice can relate

The greatest nonconformity of all times.

I assume you did a lot of snowballing !

@@splashpit HMmmmn... 😕 i think you confused me with one of your siblings. Your sis swallow or spit? 😏 or just have big brothers? 😬😁😀😂

Pfft, just your teenage years? Still going strong in my twenties! XD

BuddyL yup and we are okay with saying that we are wrong or that something isn’t firgured our yet(at least the good science)

Aliens stole 1.2 billion years of our history!! 😵

@Baz DiNova No one says Bible-thumpers

​@deharleyva Explain the not yet found. Makes sense. It's like going back in the middle ages and asking someone "What happened after the industrial revolution?" Well, it isn't really the same, but it connects; somehow.

Louis Pasteur once said (and I am paraphrasing, sorry) that when one is confronted with an unanswerable unknown, just now down and accept it, without needless and fabulous speculation

There is NO new lifeforms being created thru genesis. When something goes extinct it's GONE. Which really has me believing EVERY form of life sprung up on Earth all at the same time basically. Since that time life has been going extinct one life form at a time.

@@219garry This is the stupidest thing ive heard all day. Your theory is disproved simply by the fact that we dont find any remains of modern animals millions of years in the past and by how we only find fossils of specific prehistoric species within certain timeframes.

@@REIDAE Your reply makes no sense. Did you even read my comment?

Cambrian Explosion was the Six Days of Creation. Read Genesis.

I reckon aliens settled on Earth before the Great Unconformity then triggered it to hide any evidence. Or another alien civilisation decided to literally wipe them off the face of Earth. Not really but it's fun to imagine.

terraforming evidence. ;D

Or or they came down and with mining equipment and took all are minerals back to there home planet 😁

Or worse, roofied at a bar and taken advantage of?

Aliens are Satan's Fallen Angels.

Image the universe going 1.2b years back in time again far in the future when it switches back...

Skip a billion years of leg days and everyone loses their minds!

I like that profile pic

Go away faker

Is this the real Muscle Hank or the faker?

Shadow Dancer The faker.

Gold sucks. Rhenium is where it's at.

i dont get it.

I blame King Crimson for taking out such a huge chunk of time from everyone.

Is it Barry Allen's fault or was Dr. Manhattan messing with the timeline for shits and giggles?

@@chikiwiki64 it just works

*T I M E P A R A D O X*

That means all the water from the sea evaporated to be rained down later to cover all of earth surface. I dont see the earth getting hot enought through the sun alone

@@dumbass3843 snowball earth doesn't require "all" seawater to become precipitation... That said, reading this a year later, my original comment is entirely speculative 😕

I think that's a very good thought. I read about the "venus hypothesis" a while ago to explain where all the missing fossils prior to the Cambrian explosion were (theory is that multi-celled life actually evolved on Venus & was then transported here through panspermia as Venus erupted & ejected massive amounts of rock with extremiphiles like tardigrades & brine shrimp on it into earth crossing orbits, hence no evolution fossils here) but this research also offers a very viable explanation as to where all those evolution fossils have gone doesn't it Venus hypothesis if you want to see it arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1608/1608.03074.pdf

Cambrian Explosion is characteristic to marine animals only (since we found no land animal fossils from that time). We have marine deposits predating the Cambrian and we find animal fossils in them, but they tend to be simple, low in diversity and distribution and (probably most of them) unrelated to later Cambrian taxa. That's why it's called an 'explosion' - new life forms appeared quite suddenly with great diversity.

@@lilaclizard4504 And the pre-cambrian biota blows this 'hypothesis' out of the water.

@@ProfezorSnayp ...so, the The Great Unconformity is not that great as it never applied to ocean sediments / marine deposits, which always covered the majority of Earth - and always had layers from that "missing" period? (assuming that continental drift always moved the overall same chunks of landmass around, give or take the edges, ocean mass should also have remained more or less the same) ..??

@@lilaclizard4504 This hypothesis, even if it's correct, has no real evidence backing it up. It's based on assumptions about the history of Venus (of which we know almost nothing about),a convenient set of coincidences and the lack of evidence to the contrary. The last point is especially unscientific. Quote: " The lack of precursor fossils arises because the precursors were left behind on Venus." - well isn't this convenient? No need to look for fossils because they're on Venus... I'm not rejecting it but the proposed arguments are rather far-fetched and unverifiable.

And the Time Lord used it for what? To fill a canyon full of weeping angels on Trenzalor? I guess we'll never know.

This really would be such a doctor who episode.

How do geologists date rock? Where do they get there dates from? No one can possibly know how long rock sedimentation actually takes. No one. Except for Doctor Who.

@@JB-1138 We look for minerals that harbour unstable elements like Potassium, Uranium, Thorium and measure the ratio between the mother and daughter isotope. Depending on the half life of each radioactive isotope, we can date those minerals (and thus the rocks) in various time scales. E.g. U238/Pb206 is only viable from ~50 million years and older, since the half life is so long and it gets more difficult to measure the ratio accurately. That's absolute dating. Then there's relative dating where you date the rock layers relative to each other. Either through the specific rock type (e.g. red sandstone, limestone...) or fossils (biostratigraphy) or chemical properties like Oxygen isotopes (chemo-stratigraphy) and other few methods. This combined with absolute dating can give us an age of sedimentary layers, even if you can't absolute date these sediments. But you can correlate these with sediments you can date absolutly.

was there anything like that occurring at the time in history in discussion here? I do find it interesting that the earth's warming period if this snowball occurred matches with Venus's massive warming/volcanic activity. 2 planets experiencing warming at the same time? That would seem to point towards possible influences from beyond the planet like what you are talking about there

@@lilaclizard4504 What has that got to do with the GAIA data?

@@NeonsStyleHD I don't know, I'm asking you if there was anything in that that suggested another Oort cloud or other phenomenon in the area that could have impacted multiple planets in our solar system at the time in discussion in this video You raised the GAIA data in relation to this video, so I'm assuming you had some connection between the 2, I'm trying to understand what it is

@@lilaclizard4504 My original comment has nothing to do with the video. It was a suggestion for a future video for SciShow.

I bet your hand shot up like a Delta heavy when they asked for hall monitor volunteers didn't it ?

@@sagebiddi Quite honestly, while it does sound nitpicky and/or should be obvious, with people taking things way too literally, it's not a bad point to make...

Stephen Gardiner Take comfort in the knowledge that a logical, detail oriented mind will undoubtedly serve you better than one which is apparently more concerned with witty derision. If you possess the former, you can easily learn the latter, as it's basically analogous to low hanging fruit.

@@poorplayer9249 Nice word salad. Got any ranch? I'm more of a 1000 island guy myself.

@@BenDover-lu4pw Try taking each piece out of the bowl and rearranging them until you figure it out. And, don't worry too much if you can't. They say playing with their food helps children like you to learn as well.

FIRST

Go to hell justin

you sure watch a lot of different stuff

Gavin Rain Well that’s not a very nice thing to say

The Earth is fake and you don't exist. You're not even a dream.

I also had this question. Like, I assume we would have to be able to demonstrate these missing layers, unless they’re globally evident. And if there’s some sort of disparity in radioactive isotopes, in order to prove that 1.2 billion years are missing you would have to demonstrate that you know how the proceeding rock layers were formed, and you would have to know that nothing affected the decay rate and that it’s always been a constant, even though we only have little more than a century’s worth of data on decay rates.

There are plenty of rock formations where the rocks present are highly unusual. Here's where you can read about them: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowball_Earth

No. All sediments were laid down during The Flood 4,350 years ago.

lol :)

Christ almighty.. lel 🥴🔫

@Baz DiNova ...AND THAT is why they call it "the wheel of time"! ;o)

I object to your insulting geophysical insinuation! Oh I am so triggered now......

Yeah, what do these scientists know? It's not like they've been trained geologists and doing this for years!

Again, these are theories. Also, kilometers of rock. This obviously happened over lots of time, not one glacial erosion. Ice age comes and goes, slowly moving the rock

@@andrewzhang1290 water shapes our planet, forming canyons and stuff like this. I'm not surprised it can remove a giant layer of rock.

@@AngelEmfrbl That is a LOT of rock though, is that really possible from a single erosion/glacial melting event or would multiple be needed to create it?

@@lilaclizard4504 ...well, 1.2 billion years are a lot of time to get the job done (compared to the Huronian ice age that lasted about 300 million years, which Google tells me is officially the longest ice age, as of today's scientific knowledge)? ...still, my gut also tells me, that there's still much left to explain and discover before we get a fully coherent picture of the events that took place.

That's exactly what they did.

Yep this is amazing and yes I replied to my self

Amonra Elias you make the joke about having to like/reply to yourself yet also not sounding like a douche who is asking for likes. Kudos

@@andrewzhang1290 hahaha

how do you have that gray stuff under your name?!

Oceans froze, so water levels dropped. Once the ice melted, the water levels rose. You can still see this effect from fluctuations in global warming today, except less extreme, of course

For those who didn't follow, the point of what I said was just that all the ice that covered the continents during Snowball Earth, must have eroded everything when it melted away. And, no. Not all the water ice was from oceans, only. This question was suposed to be adressed to Hank, but thank you, anyway... My regards.

@@andrewzhang1290 I don't buy it. Not a creationist, but think about it. Highly salinated water has a much lower freezing point than normal water, making it impossible for most of the Earth's water to be frozen, right? Like, the more water freezes, the more salinated the remaining water gets, lowering it's freezing point and thus making this theory impossible? There's running, salinated water on mars. So snowball Earth is suggesting that the earth at one point was colder than mars? And life somehow survived? I doubt that.

Water saturated with salt freezes at -21.1ºC which is far from an impossible temperature to reach on Earth. Water with less salt would freeze at higher temperatures depending on the level of salt.

Steph McNuggs yes Peter White explains it. It is not impossible to freeze these things. Also, the salt doesn’t necessarily leave the water when it freezes.

Evariste Galois . Impressive given his dexterity.

I'm a creationists but that sounds crazy...

Alex Thompson that’s pretty much what creationists sound like to me. Always trying to find a god of the gaps while their timelines don’t match up with reality. I mean come on, it’s turtles all the way down dude.

@@MilitantPeaceist saddly most creationist sites are ass. Check out creation.com they have better arguements :)

Alex Thompson I visited that site and find their arguments not persuasive. Reminded me of sites that espouse “The learned elders of Zion” as a conspiracy. It’s easy to say “people find it hard to accept evolution” & make it sound like it’s a majority or emerging movement, just like saying “people find it hard to accept climate science” or “scientists are questioning climate science” or “people are becoming aware of the Jewish conspiracy to control the world” or “people are fighting the spread of Shariah Law” or “ people question that the earth is spherical”. With all these grand scale conspiracies you’d think there would be a handful of whistleblowers from within revealing actual documents or orders given to carry out such conspiracies. Do you ever wonder why there are none? Is everyone so completely submissive that only a select few are privy to the truth & all others are actively tricking each other? You can fool all people some of the time. You can fool some people all of the time. But you can’t fool all people all of the time. I think religion has had it’s time but kudos for keeping the dream alive.

@@MilitantPeaceist 1. Please explain why you don't find it persausive(and refer to atleast one article they made and explain why it doesn't make sense) 2. That's a strawman since on multiple ocassions the site says society as a whole is accepting of evolutionary thinking and deep time. 3. Using your same logic of "you can't fool all people all of the time" I could say that is why many don't buy evolution now could I? Ironic since creation.com specifically has an article on why it doesn't believe in conspiracy against creationism but just out right bias Something tells me you didn't really look into their articles and just skimmed through one and said your done.

They've gotten pretty close to that

this is actually something that is being studied(and has been studied in the past, too). if i remember correctly, i think we've managed to make amino acids and lipid shells thus far; however I would always advise checking wikipedia or similar for better information!

Asdfghjkl They’ve done a simulation of this and for just one amino acid to form a correct chain, it would take trillions of years and still wouldn’t have done it

No, for 2 main reasons. Firstly, we don't have enough information about exactly when and where life formed to recreate the conditions perfectly Secondly If even under perfect conditions the formation of live is a very low chance, life potentially had the entire surface of the planet and tens of millions of years and only needed to appear Once, even under perfect lab conditions replicating when and where life arose, you cannot use that much space or time, or simulate that much space or time you could run a million experiments a day for a million years and still not come close

@@Bogwedgle You bring up an interesting point. Did life arise in many little warm ponds then compete for top place, or arise only once among a vast number of opportunities? How many ponds were needed?

Or an inability to read and understand Genesis?

yeah and its way too laggy than it should be

Okay Morpheus, I think you've watched too many Matrix movies

Unconformities are downtime in the server that the simulation saves its logs to.

@@jbusa6630 go take a few laps around some quantum entanglement publishings and then I double dog dare you to say that with a straight face and zero uncertainty

I hate when I forget Dwarf Fortress on in the background and come back after a week and nothing is the same.

No, but Muscle Hank will like your comment.

@@unicornswag888 it only counts if this is the real Muscle Hank and not the faker.

Not the formation, no, the formation of life happened 4 billion years ago. But the diversification of multicellular and motile lifeforms would have benefited from the aftermath of the Cryogenian Glaciation.

I'm sure he put everything down properly, but forgot to turn on autosave, and when his Garden of Eden Creation Kit crashed suddenly, he wasn't willing to redo that much mindbendingly boring work.

Maybe he hadn't thought of it yet.

Could be; after all the animals were done; all paired off male & female; he realized he forgot to give Adem a mate. OPPS; sorry Adem...🤔

Porter Dassenko haha if you're taking this seriously I think you're the one who needs to 'learn science' 😂🤦‍♂️

Hahaha! Actually, I have no idea who Matthew is, but I'm happy he's also contributing to this channel at the President of Space level, eh!