It's Becoming Very Clear That Birds Are Not Normal

Рет қаралды 1,936,705

Жыл бұрын

Thank you to Foreo for supporting PBS. For more information, go to foreo.se/q27l and use code PBSFOREO.
A new discovery raises an important question: from an evolutionary perspective, who really has the stranger wings?
*****
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to to.pbs.org/DonateEons
*****
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
Super special thanks to the following Patreon patrons for helping make Eons possible:
Jimmy Luo, Aaditya Mehta, Jen Smith, Melanie Truscott, Michael Roy, John H. Austin, Jr., Kate Huhmann, Alex Hackman, Amanda Ward, Stephen Patterson, Karen Farrell, Trevor Long, Ric, Roberto Adrian Ramirez Flores, Jason Rostoker, Jonathan Rust, Mary Tevington, Bart & Elke van Iersel - De Jong, William Craig II, Irene Wood, Derek Helling, WilCatRhClPPh33, Mark Talbott-Williams, Nomi Alchin, Duane Westhoff, Hillary Ryde-Collins, Yu Mei, Jayme Coyle, Albert Folsom, Oscar Amoros Huguet, Patrick Wells, Heathe Kyle Yeakley, Dan Caffee, Stephanie Tan, Nick Ryhajlo, Sean Dennis
If you'd like to support the channel, head over to / eons and pledge for some cool rewards!
Want to follow Eons elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - / eonsshow
Twitter - / eonsshow
Instagram - / eonsshow
References: docs.google.com/document/d/1D...

Пікірлер: 3 000

@dracodracarys2339 Жыл бұрын

the next time you think speculative evolution is weird, remember that hummingbirds are _a theropod dinosaur filling the ecological niche of a bee._

@alvaronavarro4895 Жыл бұрын

Yeah, like, it's absolutely bonkers!!

@snimon5824 Жыл бұрын

I absolutely adore this revelation

@JubioHDX Жыл бұрын

genuinely a insane thought when you put it like that😂

@zibbitybibbitybop Жыл бұрын

Nature: I have invented a niche that only the most nimble flying bugs can fill Birds: Hold my nectar

@egillskallagrimson5879 Жыл бұрын

Dinosaurs have always been edgy xD

@MasterArchfiend Жыл бұрын

“Birds are weird” is probably the understatement of history of humanity. Still love them.

@romella_karmey Жыл бұрын

We are the weirdest.. We are the only mammal who can talk and build and destroy for our own selfish advantage

@dtibor5903 Жыл бұрын

Yes, they taste delicious

@ThishandlefeatureISdumb Жыл бұрын

*history of LIFE on Earth. Birds got their weird feather wings before we homo sapiens even existed.

@Mr.Autodelete Жыл бұрын

@@romella_karmey lol like other primates or animals don’t fight for social hierarchy very unscientific

@Gaming_Vegan_Ape Жыл бұрын

@@romella_karmeywut? Do you know anything about the natural world? Just because you can't hear or understand them "talk" it doesn't mean they don't communicate with their own "language". I agree with homie above me, that was a very unscientific statement. Lol

@infrequentflyer4271 10 ай бұрын

Did the earliest birds catch the earliest worms?

@anonymouscausethatshowirol828 Ай бұрын

Unfortunately not, as the earliest worm was really, really early, and may or may not be the ancestor of the platonic early bird

@MasonPapenbrock-my4gl Ай бұрын

Well played

@btn237 Ай бұрын

Horrifyingly, it was the other way around .

@richiesworld1 Ай бұрын

Bravo 👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾 Bravo 👌🏾👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾

@GolAcheron-fc4ug 18 күн бұрын

Nah because all chordates alive now, including birds, evolved from primordial sea worms. So worms existed long before birds did.

@913egok Жыл бұрын

Loved the video. I knew pterosaurs were featherless flyers and so are bats but didn't realize that membraned wings are such a common design that had developed independently so many times. I also didn't fully appreciate how unique feathered wings are. Long live the birds.

@rojodiver3344 8 ай бұрын

I've often wondered if feathers first came about to assist with cold bloodedness. Or as the video just said, presentation to mates.

@josephiajanke9850 7 ай бұрын

Pterosaurs had Feathers

@913egok 7 ай бұрын

@@josephiajanke9850 wasn't aware of that. Recent find?

@GenericDan 4 ай бұрын

@@josephiajanke9850 They had pycnofibres, not feathers.

@Broockle 3 ай бұрын

@@GenericDan hmm calling Pterosaurs "featherless" doesn't seem right now tho, considering pycnofibres were likely proto-feathers.

@fredbarron8582 Жыл бұрын

I'm nearly 40 years old, I cannot remember a time in my life where I have not been learning about dinosaurs and prehistory in general and still to this day I come across new things that I would never even have imagined. Every time I find something like this I feel like I am 5 years old and the world is brand new again.

@thhseeking Жыл бұрын

I've recently turned 60 and I feel the same way. And also in astronomy.

@28Pluto Жыл бұрын

That's because the paleontologists are always discovering and learning new things that they have never imagined! We get to experience it secondhand, but imagine how they feel making these discoveries.

@TherapyGel Жыл бұрын

That's really what I love about paleontology. Every decade there seems to be several revelations that put everything we thought we knew into question through a new lens. It's as exciting a scientific discipline as it is turbulent.

@angelasteedman7594 Жыл бұрын

6:26 6:30 6:46 6:47

@EthanRom Жыл бұрын

I know the feeling except I’m not 40 haha. It feels like when I got my first encyclopedia as a kid. Just absorbing so much knowledge. Knowing more and at the same time having more questions than before

@magnificentname Жыл бұрын

7:45 "and if birds were to go extinct the skies of planet earth would be feather free and might remain that way forever" that enlightened me, just imagine how many prehistoric creatures had specialized features that were unique to them and never ever again these characteristics would return in any form Just imagine how many unique creatures could have evolved with how many special features that could have been there

@Ealsante Жыл бұрын

We don't even need to imagine! Just look at the trilobites. Hugely successful body plan, enormous diversity, then gone. Don't see anything with three lobes like that anymore.

@televikkuntdaowuxing Жыл бұрын

But the case of the trilobites is because conditions changed, if only slightly, and also their niches have been filled with other completely different genres many times

@JustinShaedo Жыл бұрын

Yes! Most evolutionary milestones don't produce fossil records, they're physiological (eg something to do with the chemistry of the organisms)... So there's no way to know what they were; what was lost.

@secularmonk5176 Жыл бұрын

Hotdogs for fingers, for instance ...

@RadeticDaniel Жыл бұрын

@@JustinShaedo that reminds me of an xkcd comic when a future conscience comes looking for spiders and didn't know about webs because they don't fossilize. The present characters imediately ask for the time machine to go check on dinosaurs =D

@pluspiping Жыл бұрын

This video definitely shifted my perspective, noticing how common membrane wings are, and a new awe and respect how incredibly complex flight feathers are. Never going to look at them the same again.

@itsmebatman Жыл бұрын

I never thought about it like that, but objectively speaking birds are truly a crazy design. Their whole anatomy is wild. Of course, if they want to fly they have to have a body that is tailored for that. And man, their bodies are really, really tailored to flying, except for those few of them that can't fly, which is bizarre in its own right.

@KoneSkirata Жыл бұрын

I was confused as to why this group went extinct, when bats became very successful. But the timeline cleared it up: This dinosaur group didn't disappear in the KPG-mass extinction, but long before that, right? Not because of a disaster, but because their niche was overtaken by more successful feathered dinosaurs.

@EmilySmirleGURPS Жыл бұрын

Yeah, as far as I can tell, the timeline is that the feathered-wing dinosaurs were faster to the "less awful"-wing niche and therefore dominated the "falling with style" space - this all predates the "flying" period possibly. The bony wrist spike seems alarmingly fragile, and a finger gives you more control over the flight/slow-fall surface.

@dmf426 Жыл бұрын

In addition, bats are successful because they don't try to compete with birds. Birds are mostly diurnal, while bats are mostly nocturnal or crepuscular. Bats that are diurnal are typically island species that don't have to compete with birds.

@Mantiax Жыл бұрын

Yeah, something like the southamerican masupials predators

@ekosubandie2094 Жыл бұрын

Well, not to mention they also had to compete with smaller pterosaurs who are probably did their membraned wings flight better than them million years earlier

@martijn9568 Жыл бұрын

@@ekosubandie2094 To broaden that picture. Small pterosaurs also died out earlier than their large relatives, probably because of competition with birds.

@Ratty524 Жыл бұрын

These guys seem like the closest thing to having real dragons that existed in the past. I love them.

@peterprime2140 Жыл бұрын

Wouldn't Pterosaurs fit that role better?

@necroseus Жыл бұрын

@@peterprime2140 Size wise, sure. But this family of crestures had the hallmarks of a fantasy dragon. Segmented membranous wings, toothed mouths, longer tails, "reptilian" feet. Etc. They are even almost analogous to a dragon of folklore, the cockatrice! Had they approached the size of pterosaurs, they would have possibly looked like genuine wyverns

@TR4R Жыл бұрын

Kueneosaurus, a reptile from Triasic period, is kinda like that too.

@Ratty524 Жыл бұрын

@@necroseus You nailed what I was going to say.

@porakiyadraekojin3390 Жыл бұрын

I was just about to reply that we were thiiiis close to having mini wyvern flying around XD

@Summer-of8zk Жыл бұрын

visiting lapland it amazed me how abundant birds were there when it was so cold, incredible how such a small unprotected body seemed so comfortable in the freezing cold, incredible creatures

@drdyer23 7 ай бұрын

they amaze me too ☻

@Pammellam Ай бұрын

Yes that is amazing. My son, who lives in northern Hokkaido where it gets down to -10°C in the winter with deep deep snow covering the land all winter too, deer live seemingly with ease. He says as long as they eat they can live. But if they can not eat every day, they are in trouble.

@SkynetSeesYou Ай бұрын

So, dragons... dragons were real.

@redemptionrose4152 19 күн бұрын

Of course they changed their name to dinosaurs

@TEETH666 12 күн бұрын

Wyverns*

@JoeBob79569 Жыл бұрын

It's interesting how birds essentially gave up an extra set of "hands" just for better flight. It kind of suggests that they depended on their beaks more and more over time, while depending on their hands/claws less and less. Like two parts of the body evolving together, in tandem, in different directions. Obviously flying had some major advantages for them.

@kryts27 Жыл бұрын

Flight is not neccessary. Think of ratites (flightless birds). Yes, I like birds enormously and admire their intelligence, activity in their habitats, speed and birdsong. Even in the desert you will find many birds. They are adaptive, hardy vertebrate Sauropsids.

@matt_w Жыл бұрын

I can't think of any quadruped species that has extra limbs and all flying quadrupeds use their forelimbs for flight, maybe because shoulder joints are hard to reproduce elsewhere?

@JoeBob79569 Жыл бұрын

@@kryts27 Yea, but their ancestors would have been able to fly. Flightless birds just became flightless because they found a niche for themselves where flight wasn't necessary. Kind of like how dolphin and whale ancestors moved back into the water because they found a niche for themselves where legs weren't necessary. And it looks like hippos are on the same path, but at a much earlier stage. This is one of the coolest things about evolution to me, where animals find a new way to live that doesn't require their previous adaptions. You could probably say the same about humans and fur/hair.

@JohnDoe-et8th Жыл бұрын

Many bigger parrots use one foot as a hand (especially to get food in their mouths, but also for tool use.) Wings AND feet AND hand capability. They so outperform mammals (no dangerous live births, no easily-damaged teeth, no external genitalia . . .)

@wrongfootmcgee Жыл бұрын

yeah flying...

@megansfo Жыл бұрын

Even without references to dragons or dinosaurs, birds are magical creatures. As an artist who began drawing and painting terrestrial animals at an early age, I am now only interested in birds. They are endlessly fascinating.

@DogFoxHybrid Жыл бұрын

And some of them make wonderful pets.

@neomt2 Жыл бұрын

Birds aren't a reference to dinosaurs, they are living dinosaurs 😊

@unm0vedm0ver Жыл бұрын

@@PBFoote-mo2zr birds are theropod dinosaurs like Humans and Australopithecus are hominids

@seanmckelvey6618 Жыл бұрын

@@PBFoote-mo2zr No, it makes us living apes. Dinosaurs are a group of related animals, all belonging to different families. Calling humans living Australopithecines would be like calling birds living Tyrannosaurids.

@Dell-ol6hb Жыл бұрын

@@PBFoote-mo2zr you know they don’t mean literally magical right?

@DracarmenWinterspring Жыл бұрын

I'm kinda surprised there was no mention of insects in all this. There's a big group of insects that includes ants and bees whose name (hymenoptera) literally means "membrane wings". Though having exoskeletons, I guess the membrane there is pretty different from skin.

@RamblinGrampy-pw2yn 5 ай бұрын

Insects use chitin, a glucose monomer for their wings (it's similar to cellulose); skin structures like nails and feathers are keratin, a fibrous protein.

@8arrows 5 ай бұрын

We also have flying snakes and flying fish.

@CharlesSothers Жыл бұрын

Great hook, and loved the explanation. About that joke: It could be referring to Dean Martin, one of the OG crooners. He was called Dino (Dean-o), so... Dino Soars 🤷‍♂🤣

@nileshkumaraswamy2711 Жыл бұрын

It's a testament to how incredibly unique feathered birds are that they're still around and still so successful!

@Mrturtlestomps Жыл бұрын

Couldn’t that be said about every species that has survived til today?

@Mr.Autodelete Жыл бұрын

@@Mrturtlestomps yes but that’s why we are all here lol

@Mrturtlestomps Жыл бұрын

@@Mr.Autodelete exactly my point lol

@philliusphoggwick8299 Жыл бұрын

Not really, as it's not their uniqueness thats the cause of them still being about. Also as others said that can be said of any organism not extinct.

@MadsterV Жыл бұрын

Will they turn into crabs though

@f_r_e_d Жыл бұрын

i had my first birb when a parakeet flew through my window and squatted. i named him julio, got him a girl and listened to him chirp for so many years. one day his sweetheart took a one way flight in her dreams and julio was devastated. he barely sang for about a week until he joined her in this dream

@Xind-te4rq Жыл бұрын

🥺 parakeets are the sweetest

@wrongfootmcgee Жыл бұрын

and they will up and die if disturbed too much

@emmetthowell899 Жыл бұрын

Rip Julio and Julio’s girl

@simarkarmani4034 Жыл бұрын

@LightMoon RIP You will be missed

@LifeisaHorrorMovie 11 ай бұрын

😢😢😢

@critiqueofthegothgf 18 күн бұрын

"if birds were to go extinct the skies would be empty for millions of years, if not forever". it's genuinely terrifying to think about. flight is so rare and evolutionarily taxing, it might never emerge again

@jakubgrono9070 Күн бұрын

Meanwhile bats: did you forget about me?

@magetsalive5162 6 ай бұрын

Look Around You really summed it up quite succintly for all time. "What are birds? We just don't know. *ding* "

@Lyarrah Жыл бұрын

Honestly though, you could argue a lot of insect species - especially those with scaled wings like butterflies, or the tiny "broom" ones on those microscopic flies - have things that DO resemble feathers, to scale.

@hatfieldrick Жыл бұрын

Once you have the genes for feathers (which as you say are very complex and hard to evolve) it makes a lot more sense to use them for wings than a flap of skin, for one simple reason: a feathered wing can take a lot of damage and only lose feathers, which can regrow -- but a membrane wing is a lot harder to repair, and may easily be permanently ruined.

@bramvanduijn8086 Жыл бұрын

It is always tough to avoid this trap when talking about evolution: You can't argue that feathers exist because they add value, you first have to argue that all intermediate steps add value too. There is no engineer making a plan for evolution, it is accidents all the way down. To argue that the intermediate steps all add value is a lot easier for a membrane wing than for feathered wings. The series of changes needed to go from simple feathers to feathered wings is long and many of the steps are unlikely. It would not surprise me if feathered wings only evolved after many niches were left empty for a long time, like after a mass extinction event or on an island, where even a small extinction event can empty out entire niches.

@kragary Жыл бұрын

@@bramvanduijn8086 They don't always need to add value, some features are just neutral or a tiny bit harmful but not so harmful they'd prevent the production or survival of offspring. Some features are harmful for the individual but not to the species, or rather, the genes. That's one trap too when thinking about evolution, people assuming that every single feature has a purpose or is useful.

@JohnDoe-et8th Жыл бұрын

Yes, but those replaceable feathers take a ton of work to maintain. Half a bird's life is spent preening.

@anest-uk Жыл бұрын

This seems like a really important point, I came to the comments to see if it was made. Really feathers are so much more rugged, so accidents are more survivable - which is the name of the game. Plus... they are pretty!

@frankibianchi6188 Жыл бұрын

@@anest-ukit is not name of game

@sproutpits 11 ай бұрын

Feathered wings only seem abnormal if you haven't seen where aerospace engineering has gone. An infinitely-variable wing surface is better than a contiguous one for a number of reasons.

@jchou17 11 ай бұрын

When you consider membranes in general and include aquatic membranes, it really puts into perspective the utility of that clade convergent evolution

@Mother_of_Pigeons Жыл бұрын

I live with 6 adopted pigeons. I’m happy to confirm that birds are not normal! ❤

@angeliquesoon9527 Жыл бұрын

Pigeons are the most difficult bird to understand. So emotional!

@Mother_of_Pigeons Жыл бұрын

@@angeliquesoon9527 They really are emotional little creatures! I love them to bits for it!

@birbdad1842 Жыл бұрын

Tell me about it.

@jasonfuentz4282 Жыл бұрын

@@Mother_of_Pigeons GROSS

@JamesDickson-vs5of 11 ай бұрын

I have kept pigeons for 55 years, happy healthy peace ✌️

@LuigiGodzillaGirl Жыл бұрын

So happy to see you discuss Yi Chi. I remember the first time I saw one on another Paleo channel years ago, thinking to myself “This has got to be the closest evolution has ever gotten to real dragons as described in fantasy writings!”

@LimeyLassen Жыл бұрын

Wyverns, technically 😁

@azaraciel5444 Жыл бұрын

@@LimeyLassen That distinction is not one that was made historically. It is a modern fantasy distinction, with the exception, as far as I can tell, being in heraldry, where the exact image needed to have a verbal description to recreate it. It didn’t really matter to regular speakers. The different words also usually weren’t all being used in the same place at the same time, so we now have the option in modern times to throw all those words together since we have them all *now*, and pretty much every word for different dragons just means snake at its heart anyway.

@buragi5441 Жыл бұрын

@@LimeyLassen Wyvenrs are dragons the same way owls are birds.

@Dell-ol6hb Жыл бұрын

@@LimeyLassen there is no “technically” it’s a fantasy creature, a dragon can be basically anything, that same term has been ascribed to countless radically different mythological creatures across countless different cultures

@ohasis8331 Жыл бұрын

Think about man in the days of youre, riding peacefully along after a decent rain downpour, comes around a corner and sees a fossil dinosaur sticking out of the eroded hillside. What other conclusion could he reach but monsters or dragons.

@JonathanUsmar Жыл бұрын

Can you please do an episode on hips and shoulders? I know vaguely that lizards can't stand because of their hips/shoulders. And that mammals and dinosaurs have very different hips/shoulders, to facilitate standing (and running with lower energy cost). But I don't really understand what the changes were? Do mammal hips achieve this very differently from dinosaurs or are they similar? What about the two types of dinosaurs? And how much did dinosaur shoulders change to become birds??

@jakobdiehn6596 10 ай бұрын

"birds are not normal" at this point, what is?

@ms.erania9848 Жыл бұрын

One of the inconvenient of membrane wings is that the membrane needs to be irrigated by blood, thus causing a lost in body heat.

@sava-smth Жыл бұрын

And tearing without chance of growing back

@gsilverfish Жыл бұрын

Unless you live in a hot place and use the same process to cool your blood on purpose.

@ms.erania9848 Жыл бұрын

@@gsilverfish Obviously. There are also bats in Northern Finland and their tactics in winter is to hibernate.

@EdJUber Жыл бұрын

A light layer of feathers would considerably mitigate the heat loss.

@hydrocharis1 Жыл бұрын

And feathers themselves are so nice and warm that might be their original function, right?

@BuruIgeru Жыл бұрын

This is the earliest I've been to an Eons video and it just so happened to be the one that talks about a dinosaur that's the closest body type to a fantasy dragon. What wonders this channel continues to show us.

@oldbatwit5102 Жыл бұрын

Except it is the other way round. It's not dinosaurs resembling dragons, but dragons resembling dinosaurs.

@lilyvilla8646 10 ай бұрын

When interviewing to narrate for Eons, do you require people to produce as many dad jokes and bad puns as possible? Ya’ll are great and I love you.

@AndrewTBP 7 ай бұрын

The jokes are a Patreon perk. The presenters don’t write them.

@pellekuipers6856 9 ай бұрын

Video idea: The birds that lived during the Mesozoic and survived into our era. I was really surprised to find out that our flying friends lived aside the dinosaurs for so long and with such numbers. How did they live and look back then? And what bird groups already split up their ancestry before arriving into our era?

@AndrewTBP 7 ай бұрын

They already did that video.

@Dongobog-ps9tz 4 ай бұрын

Birds are dinosaurs

@TimvanderLeeuw Жыл бұрын

In this context, it's interesting to consider that many species of birds also have membranes -- for swimming. So they evolved both types of features.

@yalostmethere 10 ай бұрын

To be fair, those membranes are on an entirely different set of limbs tho.

@kylezo 10 ай бұрын

@@yalostmethere to be fair, he didn't say "arm membranes" so it doesn't require any clarification at all tho.

@liisahmanni 10 ай бұрын

@@yalostmethere"Must correct comment that doesn't need correcting. Must look smart. Can't fight urge."

@johnmarkson1998 7 ай бұрын

@@liisahmanni To be fair in the context of the context of the original video we were discussing arm membranes so pointing out non flying membrane doesnt discredit the video and makes yalos's comment make more sense as to where he was coming from in his attempt to correct.

@georget4141 7 ай бұрын

⁠@@johnmarkson1998to be fair the presupposition of webbing being distinct in the front limbs as compared to the hind limbs implies an evolutionary distinction in the form and purpose of such an adaptation which would allow for functions which are more ecologically inevitable as compared to one which would require the complete rearrangement of the body plan in a way which would hinder the animal in certain way as opposed to webbing in the back feet which would be a natural extrapolation of the function of the stuff or something

@DraptorRonin Жыл бұрын

Meanwhile, in an alternate timeline, instead of birds we have wyverns.

@Bundpataka Жыл бұрын

Just call them dragons bruh

@coinisinorbit Жыл бұрын

@@Bundpatakathey're actually two different things, one has 4 legs and 2 wings, the other 2 legs as 2 wings that double as legs

@meren6856 Жыл бұрын

@@coinisinorbitaccording to what ?

@Bundpataka Жыл бұрын

@@coinisinorbit Nobody cares about what a handful of dudes from medieval England thought, or what DnD calls things. They’re literally not real bro 💀 like half the different mythological creatures from diff cultures that ppl call “dragons” break that rule anyways

@Giruga905 9 ай бұрын

@meren6856 ik this is from three months ago and myb you already looked up your own answer but just a general answer would be according to folklore, in a majority of cultures around the world a dragon was the four legged beast while the wyvern was a term mostly in france and england from the 17th century i think to distingush between the dragon and it's two-legged counterpart. Today it is used in fantasy speech to describe a smaller more animalistic dragon counterpart, so, still technically a dragon but more smol and usually has two hind legs

@D.E.Kalaed-pg2cl 10 ай бұрын

Sooo.... Dragons were real.

@germanomagnone Жыл бұрын

honestly when I see the YI QI, it looks a lot like a mini-wyvern or a Cockatrice (a sort of mixture between a chicken, a wyvern with Medusa's eyes) and I like it so much, together with the Dracorex hogwartsia, they are almost the only ones "true dragons" that earth has ever seen.

@ollllj Жыл бұрын

the genetic difference between embryonic development of scales, and embryonic development of feathers (instead of scales) is surprisingly small, and often just 1-3 hormones/chemicals during embryonic development onto scaled-reptile-stem-cells, that tell the skin where to grow scales/feathers of what side..

@Dragrath1 Жыл бұрын

Yeah that is because feathers as well as the synapsid counterpart hair/fur are really both modified scales surprisingly enough teeth are too just that adaptation occurred way further back when vertebrates were all still living as fish

@benjaminw9704 Жыл бұрын

that is fascinating! do you have a link for more info? im very curious now

@andrewfleenor7459 Жыл бұрын

That kind of makes sense for basic feathers, but flight feathers, with their interlocking structures, are a whole different game. I bet that had to be almost completely in place before they could even start flying.

@ollllj Жыл бұрын

@@benjaminw9704 8th grade Bilogy class in west germany in the 90s

@bramvanduijn8086 Жыл бұрын

@@andrewfleenor7459 Yep, and I wish I knew the intermediate steps they went through, because I want to know how those intermediate steps were useful.

@DanePavitt Жыл бұрын

I don't think it's fair to call Scansoriopterygids a "failed experiment". They were still able to evolve & survive with that body plan for the time that they were around. Sure they weren't a super long-lived lineage in the grand scheme of things, but they must have been doing something right otherwise they wouldn't have evolved at all

@hadorstapa Жыл бұрын

Indeed. We're not a super long-lived lineage yet either, in the grand scheme of things.

@extragoogleaccount6061 Жыл бұрын

Well, thats fair, but by that definition nothing would ever be a "failed experiment"

@js66613 Жыл бұрын

@@extragoogleaccount6061 I mean, no animal species as a whole probably is a failed experiment. There are a lot of questionable ones, but I don't think there's a failed one. Unless you count humans, but that's not so much a failed experiment as one that backfired on momma nature.

@the_SolLoser Жыл бұрын

Did it dead end, or are there members of their line alive today? If it dead ended, then it's failed. If it went on to produce a lineage that is still around, then it evolved and succeeded.

@hadorstapa Жыл бұрын

@@the_SolLoser while I agree with you in principle, I think your criteria for success might need some rethinking. Arguably we're a very recent offshoot of our genetic tree, and we've not yet been around as long as Scansoriopterygids were. They managed 9 million years according to the fossil records. Homo Sapiens has managed 315,000 years so far. I know it depends where you want to count the break. The Hominidae (great apes family, the cladistic level of Scansoriopterygids) have been around 17my, the Homoninae (African great apes subfamily) 12.5my, and the Homonini (tribe) just 7my. Our genus, Homo, have only been around for 2.8 million years.

@VorpalSw0rd 4 ай бұрын

The fact that the existed in the late Jurassic gives me hope they survived and evolved into Cretaceous dragons we just haven’t discovered yet

@iamthetruemichael 3 ай бұрын

Maybe that's our purpose. To make Cretaceous Dragons and introduce them to the wild.

@zaxchannel2834 5 ай бұрын

I've known birds are weird since I befriended a bunch of ducks, they're so clumsy but graceful at the same time it's so absurd

@MrJethroha Жыл бұрын

It is crazy that even now, modern technology can't replicate the flight characteristics of feathered wings. They can kind of get bat winged or insect winged machines to fly, but feathered wings are way more complex.

@Dr.IanPlect Жыл бұрын

What a myopic comment; compare how long each path has had...

@JubioHDX Жыл бұрын

@@Dr.IanPlect what? we've had the same amount of time with modern technology to attempt all of these things, the length of the path in this statement is on when we got modern technology not when each method of flight developed in nature

@Dr.IanPlect Жыл бұрын

@@JubioHDX Eh, no. It's millions of years v a few hundred. The comparison is; yet to catch up to feathers which have had much longer to get to how they perform compared to human tech.

@mickeyg7219 Жыл бұрын

Not with metals and plastics. In theory you can build a flying machine that replicate birds with biotechnology, but like most things, there are tradeoffs - they don't work as effectively when you scaled up or when you're creating something for a different application. The goal of technological advancement should be beating nature at a specific task, it would be quite pointless to just directly copy it, because we obviously aren't trying to live like a bird.

@melodiefrances3898 Жыл бұрын

@@Dr.IanPlect totally missing the point of the post so that you can trash someone. Who is really myopic here?

@veggieboyultimate Жыл бұрын

Such a shame these guys didn’t last long, who knows what they would have looked like if they lived longer.

@MrRenanHappy Жыл бұрын

There is an alternative reality where they survived to this era, some to giant size and became real life dragons.

@Styphon Жыл бұрын

Dragons

@ollllj Жыл бұрын

With slightly higher atmospheric pressure (andOr a higher O2 percentage) you easily get giant insects and bigger winged-animals. (earth has had giant insects prior to dinosaurs, but dinosaurs+mammals lowered O2% gradually, burning more O2 to keep a more steady body temperature) So far, all earthlike planets we found are significantly larger than earth, generally implying a higher surface gravity (irrelevant for insect size) and thicker atmosphere , and likely much stronger winds. Expect sentient space-dragons.

@ilyaslebleu1947 Жыл бұрын

@@ollllj Insects becoming bigger because of more O2 is disputed - they reached this larger size because of lack of competition from terrestrial/flying vertebrates in the early Carboniferous, at a time where O2 levels weren't particularily high. O2 levels increased later during the Carboniferous, but by then, giant insects were already well-established. Also, a higher surface gravity is definitely an issue for flying creatures, as they need more wing power to fight against gravity. So, while a thicker atmosphere would definitely help, we shouldn't necessarily expect space dragons.

@SofaKingShit Жыл бұрын

There are those people like Icke who say that they did indeed last for a far longer period of time, enough time to evolve into suit wearing politicians but of course that is completely implausible and unfeasible (evil and mocking laughter ensues).

@monnoo8221 11 ай бұрын

recently it has been shown that only a few mutations are necessary to go on from scales to feathers. And there is no reason not to try a mixed model as well

@Andrea-xs4ny Күн бұрын

While we all love to imagine what it must have been like living during the age of these extinct animals, it's also nice to recognize that we are living alongside some pretty "strange" creatures. They're familiar to us, but it's things like Eons that give some of us a renewed sense of wonder. Thank you, Eons, for bringing us amazing videos.

@luudest Жыл бұрын

Would have been interesting to dig deeper with feathers: What makes feathers special? What drove the development of the many different feather types? Which changes happened on the genetic level?

@kramermariav 10 ай бұрын

Didn't a recent study find that the genes for scales and feathers are quite similar?

@teaartist6455 3 ай бұрын

Feathers kind of started as insulation and got more complex (for better insulation) later. This also then lead to them being able to be repurposed for things like airfoil (wings) and (hypothetically) display crests and rudders that make changing direction while running easier.

@angusmackaskill3035 11 ай бұрын

Pretty sure birds think we are wierd

@madumlao Жыл бұрын

"From my point of view, the feathered flyers are strange!" - Anyiqi Skywalker

@Mohojo Жыл бұрын

Well we knew they weren’t normal because they charge on the power lines.

@Rob_Enhoud Жыл бұрын

Miniature flying dinosaurs? Who'd believe something so crazy!

@Mohojo Жыл бұрын

@@Rob_Enhoud It is pretty cool to think about the connection with the past they have.

@shadowscribe Жыл бұрын

Very interesting insight. Membranes are literally a part of the living tissue, while feathers are analogous to hair and scales. Their jobs are appearance, passive armor, and general protection from elements. The quills and feathers are the only time they've been specially built to do extra work for an animal (and quills still count as armor, just with consequences).

@Mrturtlestomps Жыл бұрын

Yeah man we watched the video

@Ezullof Жыл бұрын

Feathers are homologous and largely analogous to hair and scales, but feathered wings are analogous to flying membranes. Btw feathers themselves don't do extra work. The part that does the work are still the upper members. Feathers are just analogous to the passive skin membrane. Powered flight is achieved not through the feathers, but through the active movements from those members.

@timmurphy232 28 күн бұрын

I'm a PBS Kid and this is my new favorite series!

@NoxiD-20 10 ай бұрын

One damaged feather, no problem flight is still possible. One rip in a membrane wing? You’re grounded and food for prey.

@chrisalice2475 Жыл бұрын

Feathered flight arguably evolved one other time in the common ancestor of Alucitoid and Pterophoroid moths! They're super weird and super cool.

@hungariangiraffe6361 9 ай бұрын

Wow, I never heard of them before so I looked them up, they are really cool!

@joeg5414 4 ай бұрын

i just found the craziest moth looking those up- Creatonotos gangis. Weird. Kinda looks like that tentacle thing could evolve to be a feather

@Magmafrost13 Жыл бұрын

I'd never thought before about how interesting it is that Yi Qi is just called "strange wing" in a language that a huge number of people currently speak. It'd be like if english-speaking people went around calling stegosaurus "roof lizard" unironically.

@Bundpataka Жыл бұрын

I mean there are animals literally called “anteater” and “pronghorn”

@Dell-ol6hb Жыл бұрын

There’s plenty of names like that in English

@Bundpataka Жыл бұрын

@@Dell-ol6hb Grasshopper, firefly, mudskipper, Howlers, cottontail, etc

@Ezullof Жыл бұрын

Dinosaurs have latin/greek names because people who named them actually knew these languages (and some still do).

@DarkwarriorJ Жыл бұрын

@@Dell-ol6hb My impression is that most languages name things like this; and if we return to the area closer to Britain, we find such uninspiring names as the 'North Sea'. English is a bit weird out for cargo-culting names from other cultures and seeing them as more normal and reverable in a way :D

@EllesGhost13 9 ай бұрын

4.30 There is also non powered flight using up winds (as some birds use today to preserve energy) where prehistoric birds took off from a height

@mossyfriends1911 11 ай бұрын

that’s just straight up a mini dragon at this point

@IHScoutII Жыл бұрын

We've made it worse, teaching parrots cuss words🤨

@Adrian-qr6gk Жыл бұрын

Upgraded people upgrades

@shanerooney7288 Жыл бұрын

"Polymorph was a bad idea." "I miss my hands" "Yes, this is wizard" 📞

@raclark2730 Жыл бұрын

Zoos have to swap them out regularly because of that. 😂

@christianedwards9025 Жыл бұрын

Honestly I don't teach them any, but I still love hearing it. That's a silly plus in my eyes.

@reuireuiop0 Жыл бұрын

@@raclark2730 I now imagine French zoos exchanging their parrots for Swedish, or Japanese, or any language that can't understand a loud "Merrrde"

@goosenotmaverick1156 Жыл бұрын

I read a book or series of books when I was maybe 10th grade, a fictional novel, about the first bat like creatures to take flight. The story is told from the perspective of the first "bat" I'll call it for ease, to fly. The rest of his species, were arboreal, climbing and gliding creatures very similar to these. What a cool thing to come across!

@TigirlakaLaserwolf6 Жыл бұрын

Dusk Wing!!! Heck yeah It's actually a _very_ distant prequel to Silverwing. Absolutely one of my favourite childhood books

@Matt-xc6sp Жыл бұрын

@@TigirlakaLaserwolf6 I haven’t heard about that particular novel but I knew from the description it was from that series. Not a lot of bat based young adult novels with deep lore.

@Your-Least-Favorite-Stranger Жыл бұрын

@@Matt-xc6sp I'm going to be that guy. Batman.

@crazycatlady39 8 ай бұрын

Feathered Wings are kinda like a bunch of species experimenting with new technology the way humans do with computers, just that birds got the 'patent' for it.

@danielparsons2859 Жыл бұрын

Birds and fish are distantly related. Whenever I look closely at a fish I can see bird like characteristics.

@largent45 Жыл бұрын

Feathered wings are strange but so complex, that if the all disappeared today, it would take a very long time if ever, certainly not in our lifetimes, to reappear. Feathered flight is so complex, it's amazing that it evolved at all.

@huldu Жыл бұрын

Indeed. I just don't see animals flourishing with humans around those days are long gone. If we were to go extinct which is very plausible on the larger timescale then life would pick up the slack once again. Our sun isn't going to end life anytime soon so there is *plenty* of time for even more crazy creatures to walk on earth, beyond our wildest imagination.

@DaLonelySheperd Жыл бұрын

this point should be pinned.

@Jaime-eg4eb Жыл бұрын

Compared to what? It's all amazing

@svallee 11 ай бұрын

@@Jaime-eg4ebcompared to everything. The video touches this very topic: most traits in the animal kingdom evolved into different branches, but feathered wings only ever appeared into one branch. They are probably the most complex and unlikely evolutionary trait to ever show up in Earth's evolution history, next of course to human's brains.

@Jaygorian1 Жыл бұрын

Finally! They couldn't keep the truth about birds not being real hidden forever Edit: Oh

@dr4d1s Жыл бұрын

r/birdsarentreal

@antonsimmons8519 Жыл бұрын

Yeah, they're not real though! 👍

@madprophetus 6 ай бұрын

Looks like Lazy Town started hanging out with the wrong crowd, then got a job at Hot Topic.

@tim.a.k.mertens 11 ай бұрын

Tiny dragons tiny dragons

@VorsaLjanta Жыл бұрын

That ad read was completely out of left field for a channel about science

@willemvandebeek Жыл бұрын

Agreed, very disappointing... :(

@marinomele4575 Жыл бұрын

Unrelated, but the fact that Microraptor Gui was proven capable of powered-flight is criminally underrated. We always imagined as a glider but it was likley a non-avian flying dinosaur. How cool is that? [Referring to Rui Pei & co. paper from 2020]

@jasonsmith5895 Ай бұрын

The closest living relatives to dinosaurs are turkeys and we eat them instead of them eating us.

@kelzbelz313 10 ай бұрын

2:53 hey, how’d you get a picture of my sleep paralysis demon?

@JNDReacts Жыл бұрын

I learned a few years ago that birds are living dinosaurs and I’m still in shock about it. I’m also still in shock that ravens and crows can talk like parrots, and that bald eagles actually sound nothing like red-tailed hawks, but in fact sound like quiet, chirpy little things that should be half the size that they actually are.

@Dr.IanPlect Жыл бұрын

Yes, birds are dinosaurs and reptiles.

@TragoudistrosMPH Жыл бұрын

A big shock for me was that dolphins don't make the sounds we expect, a kookaburra sound effect was sped up! 😅

@astick5249 Жыл бұрын

Bald eagles are still pretty loud, Its sort of like a variant of a seagull sound in the sense that it carries because its so high pitched

@BlackRaptor77 Жыл бұрын

When I look at feathers, I imagine what it would look like if reptiles had wings but decided membranes were lame and grew super long scales instead

@EarthWingedDragon Жыл бұрын

Feathered wings changes shapes during each step of flight. It is a marvel and one of the most successful experiments, no doubt. It assists modern birds into filling so many niches, and they become one of the most diverse creatures to ever exist.

@VS-kf5qw Жыл бұрын

That video was awesome on its own, but also I feel like y'all deserve some bonus points for coming up with a video title that sounds like a creepypasta.

@KSL042 Жыл бұрын

May not be a lot but thanks once again for all you guys do on and off the Eons show !!!! Your work has effected my life more than you’ll know ❤️❤️❤️❤️🦖🦕🦖🦕🦖

@TragoudistrosMPH Жыл бұрын

No single drop raises the tide, they all contribute :)

@KSL042 Жыл бұрын

I really like that thank you !!!!!!

@jimmydean123123 Жыл бұрын

You should really be thanking me. Not pbs

@terramater Жыл бұрын

Birds are so fascinating, and we def cannot image a sky without birds; this would be so sad. Our crew got the only bird left that looks like a modern-day dinosaur on camera. They cannot fly but have extremely powerful legs that help them jump up to 1m off the ground and run at speeds of 50 km/h and vicious claws, which are great weapons for disembowelling any enemies. It's incredible to see a species like this living among us nowadays.

@themadpolymath3430 10 ай бұрын

What bird is that? A cassowary?

@seanhewitt603 6 ай бұрын

The passenger pigeon used to flock in the hundreds of Millions, but, well...Pilgrims have a habit of indulging their genocidal hunger...

@jameswolf4894 10 ай бұрын

This timeline was so close to having real Wyverns, maybe looking like the Bird Wyverns in Monster Hunter if they had became a successful group.

@ZaZaZoo22 Жыл бұрын

The joke was about the singer Dean Martin. His birth name is Dino like the dinosaur from The Flinstones, and a crooner is not an old person but typically refers to a male singer. I think you might be confusing crooner with crone. Interesting show. I don’t find birds weird.

@leeleaman8057 Жыл бұрын

As someone who has kept birds I can assure you there is always more weird to discover. Thanks for the awesome ep Eons :)

@Im-Not-a-Dog Жыл бұрын

"I am Darkness. I am The Night. I Am Bat-Bird!"

@tootbender6935 Жыл бұрын

I have been watching that show for the first time lately, and damn it's great.

@stuartu7150 2 ай бұрын

What I still want to know is why my bird dog, who was interested in anything that could fly, ignored robins. Seriously, she was a pointer and acted like robins weren’t actually birds. 😮

@adnannaemaz1989 Жыл бұрын

After this we need a video on feather evolution in birds. How did it begin and why do we have so many different types and complexities.

@cabbagenut Жыл бұрын

Anybody else find that ad spot a little . . . weird?

@willemvandebeek Жыл бұрын

🙋

@t.d108 10 ай бұрын

Is it just me - that definitions of “weird” doesn’t educate me much, enough, as much I’d like to learn?

@stephenbedford1395 Жыл бұрын

Thanks for a fascinating video... such an interesting topic. There is a patch of bush only a few kilometres from here where a colony of squirrel gliders live; gliding marsupials.

@brambleheart Жыл бұрын

I love birds! They’re so interesting and beautiful creatures.

@TimelyAbyss Жыл бұрын

Did sci-show just try to sell me snake oil anti-aging crap at the end?

@hoi-polloi1863 Жыл бұрын

So there was a vicious civil war amongst the earliest birds. The feather-wings mercilessly slew the membrane-wings. And now the bats have arisen to avenge their fallen relatives...

@areareare9953 Жыл бұрын

I found out about the birds-dinosaur thing when I was a kid when they found Archaeopteryx. So nowadays I make sure all the local dinosaurs are well fed.

@martijn9568 11 ай бұрын

You were no kid when Archaeopteryx was first discovered, or else you'd be about 150 years old😉

@RavinRay Жыл бұрын

Yay, the Scansoriopterygidae! I was always hopeful they would be featured.

@MikeS29 Жыл бұрын

I love all of these PBS Eons videos, but I was shocked to see Calli hawking massagers at the end!

@tylociraptor8131 Жыл бұрын

"Birds are not normal" as a bird enthusiast and one who grew up owning a parrot... jeez i coulda told you that

@lyokianhitchhiker Жыл бұрын

I guess parrots are the orange cats of the bird world?

@blondbraid7986 10 ай бұрын

And now I Imagine a different evolutionary timeline where renaissance artists paint bat wings on angels. 🦇😇🦇 (Yes, we already know that evil fallen angels are shown with bat wings, but I'm talking about the pretty good-guy ones)

@jasonsmith5895 Ай бұрын

Then they would be demons

@richardfinlayson1524 Жыл бұрын

Wait till they discover dinosaurs with propellers

@savorymarshmallows Жыл бұрын

I wonder if there's an intermediate with both membranes and feathers waiting to be found. Feathered wing development doesn't make a whole lot of sense as a process, but if it went non-flying membrane covered in feathers -> membrane reduces leaving arm bones with feathers attached -> feathers adapt for gliding -> feathers adapt for flying, that might be a more practical narrative.

@martijn9568 Жыл бұрын

Keep in mind that feathers were probably first grown for insulation and display purposes. Feathers meant for display could potentially be similar enough to the feathers meant for flight, which would allow an animal to take flight before developing true flight feathers.

@andrewsuryali8540 Жыл бұрын

You've basically described how wings grow in bird embryos. Birds do have stretchy membranes at several locations along their wings. Pick up a raw chicken wing and try stretching it out. You'll find the membranes right away. The membrane structure on birds' wings are almost exactly the same as that found on Scansoriopterygids, except birds lack the wrist bone extension and obviously the membranes are much smaller.

@danielmcmindes5112 Жыл бұрын

membrane wings would seem to have advantages in an environment that is consistently the right temp to support metabolism in "reptile like" species. in highly varying climate the additional exposure to heat and cold could be a hinderance.

@ExtremeMadnessX Жыл бұрын

Meanwhile bats...

@grimlicentia Жыл бұрын

@@ExtremeMadnessX bats are mammals, making them endothermic. This allows them to self regulate body temp in a wide range of air temps. Reptiles and amphibians rely on warm air temps and the sun to keep them warm.

@sava-smth Жыл бұрын

Huh? Dinosaurs and pterosaurs were warm-blooded, what are you referring to?

@martijn9568 Жыл бұрын

@@sava-smth You still need to spend energy to heat up.

@ExtremeMadnessX Жыл бұрын

@@grimlicentia Dinosaurs and pterosaurus weren't usual reptiles.

@deltabravo1811 5 ай бұрын

Owls without feathers look absolutely grotesque. Definitely not normal.

@russell2910 5 ай бұрын

Of course membrane wings are similar to the skin of a scrotum, suggesting that in the future humans will grow feather on their nuts

@axjagfilms Жыл бұрын

So technically speaking, my dino nuggets are ACTUAL DINOSAUR NUGGETS.

@kingofflames738 Жыл бұрын

WE HAD WYVERNS!

@perasha Жыл бұрын

You cannot possibly convince me that these aren't dragons. In all seriousness, very cool stuff! Even insects use membraned wings, feathers are weird as hell but damn are they effective

@NosebleedPolitics Жыл бұрын

or Quetzalcoatl

@reuireuiop0 Жыл бұрын

Now imagining little beetles and butterflies with feathers. At least, some Beatles wore feathers for some of the time

@randomguy9241 Ай бұрын

what would be weird: wings with scales. Oh no, wait, all butterflies and moths have them. Now that's weird.

@rmp7400 Жыл бұрын

Well even I realized that there is something special about birds because they do lay eggs like reptiles... yet, are warm blooded like mammals. Birds are a very special entity.❤🙏

@starstorm1267 6 ай бұрын

Monotremes are mammals that lay eggs, which makes them just as weird as birds if you ask me (especially the platypus, which has a bill of all things)

@pittbullking87 Жыл бұрын

How interesting! Bat like dinosaurs with feathers! That is one of the things I find so fascinating about evolution, how completely different animals and plants evolve the same adaptations for the same lifestyle .However, when you look at the underlying structure, they are not made the same way. For example, in pterosaurs, a single finger became elongated to form the wing, whereas in bats the individual fingers form the wing.