According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80-85% of lung cancer cases. The three main subtypes are:
Adenocarcinoma. Around 40% of people with lung cancer have adenocarcinoma. It usually develops in the outer parts of the lung and tends to grow slower than the other two subtypes. This means that there is a better chance of a finding and treating a tumor before it has spread.
Squamous cell carcinoma. This accounts for about 25-30% of lung cancers. It grows from the cells that line the inside of the airways. Squamous cell carcinoma usually develops at the center of the lung.
Large cell carcinoma. This makes up around 10-15% of lung cancers. It can grow in any part of the lung and tends to grow faster than the other subtypes.
Doctors commonly use the following criteria to stage NSCLC
the size and location of the tumor
the number of nearby lymph nodes to which the cancer has spread
whether the cancer has spread to distant organs, or metastasized
Using these criteria, they calculate which of the following stages best describes NSCLC:
Stage 1: The tumor is in a single lung and has not spread to any lymph nodes or distant organs.
Stage 2: The cancer has grown to be larger than 3 centimeters (cm) across and may have spread to the lymph nodes inside the lung but not to any distant organs.
Stage 3: The cancer has grown to be larger than 7 cm across and may have spread to lymph nodes at the center of the chest but has not spread to any distant organs. Stage 3 has two subtypes:
3a: The cancer has not spread to the opposite side of the chest.
3b: The cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the opposite lung or near the collar bone.
Stage 4: NSCLC has spread to the other lung, to the fluid around the lung or heart, or to distant lymph nodes or organs.
Small cell lung cancer
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 15% of all lung cancer cases.
The most common staging system for SCLC breaks the disease down into two categories:
Limited stage: At this stage, cancer has only developed on one side of the chest and involves a single area of the lung, the lymph nodes, or both.
Extensive stage: Cancer has spread to the opposite side of the chest or outside the chest.
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