Hello, today we're going to explain the digestive system and food absorption of the human body from the chapter digestion and absorption in class 11 biology in the language Telugu.
These are the topics covered in this video:
*Digestion and Absorption
*Digestion
*Digestive System
*Histology of alimentary canal
Human digestive system part 1 - from the chapter Digestion and absorption Telugu in class 11. In this video you will understand what is digestive system and how it works, their digestive organs Mouth, salivary glands, saliva, tongue, taste buds, teeth, epiglitis, Pharynx.
The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body.
Food is one of the basic requirements of all living organisms. The majorcomponents of our food are carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Vitaminsand minerals are also required in small quantities. Food provides energyand organic materials for growth and repair of tissues. The water we takein, plays an important role in metabolic processes and also preventsdehydration of the body. Biomacromolecules in food cannot be utilisedby our body in their original form. They have to be broken down andconverted into simple substances in the digestive system. This process ofconversion of complex food substances to simple absorbable forms iscalled digestion and is carried out by our digestive system by mechanicaland biochemical methods.
There are four main functions of digestive system
Ingestion of food.
Secretion of fluids and digestive enzymes.
Mixing and movement of food and wastes through the body.
Digestion of food into smaller pieces.
Absorption of nutrients.
Excretion of wastes.
There are several organs and other components involved in the digestion of food. The organs known as the accessory digestive organs are the liver, gall bladder and pancreas. Other components include the mouth, salivary glands, tongue, teeth and epiglottis.
The largest structure of the digestive system is the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). This starts at the mouth and ends at the anus, covering a distance of about nine (9) metres.
The largest part of the GI tract is the colon or large intestine. Water is absorbed here and the remaining waste matter is stored prior to defecation.
Most of the digestion of food takes place in the small intestine which is the longest part of the GI tract.
A major digestive organ is the stomach. Within its mucosa are millions of embedded gastric glands. Their secretions are vital to the functioning of the organ.
There are many specialized cells of the GI tract. These include the various cells of the gastric glands, taste cells, pancreatic duct cells, enterocytes and microfold cells.
Some parts of the digestive system are also part of the excretory system, including the large intestine.
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