Great research! As a retired Railroad Engineer who worked the Fraser Canyon for close to 40 years I can relate to most of the topography. Its always been a mystery to me how some of the huge boulders I had confrontations with got there. One can only imagine the water depth at Hells Gate during this catastrophe event. Thank you.

Thoroughly enjoyed this bit of geological history of BC.

John Clague is one of my favorite geologists. The wealth of scientific investigation he has participated in is worthy of accolades.

"One meter bolder transported as a particle" I love this statement because I interpret that as grains of sand in a stream, but massively upscaled... that's a massive flood.

That’s why I find B.C. Jade on the beaches around the Hood Canal Hook Washington.

I saw an earlier version of this a few years ago. It is clear that John has continued to put together more details for this fascinating story. Great!

Prescient in view of the flooding of the Fraser 2 weeks later on Nov 14th 2021.

Sea levels have been at or near current levels for 7-8 ky. The Fraser Floods would be running out of a great Salish Valley and into the Juan De Fuca channel (and over the Olympia lowland into the Columbia Valley at Longview?) prior to coastal contact.

Thank you. Two of my gold claims on the Fraser were shown.

Eastern Washington gets most of the attention but very large floods happened all around the margins of the Ice Sheets. Be they in North America, the FinnoScandinavian, Central Asia or Patagonia. Not every area. A lot depending on ponding. In some areas it was literally like an ice cube melting on the sidewalk. In other areas it was like dumping a tub of water on a soft surface.

Did Rainy Pass conduct high pressure water under 3 km of stable ice into Stehekin/Chelan from the Lower Fraser through the Skagit Valley? The ice cap would theoretically be thinner than 1 km at Rainy Pass.

Have you been able to link the Frasier flood to either of the melt water pulses increasing sea level?

My question: when it is said a rock is 170 million yrs old. Is that when it was formed from lava? And then cooled? Or sedimentary rock forming from sand grains at a certain date?

Very interesting. There are ice age flood stories in many parts of the world. But there is little said about them. The UK is my interest and Yorkshire in particular. Lake Humber was a large glacial lake in what is now The Vale of York and stretching down into Nottinghamshire. A Moraine broke near what now is The Humber Bridge near Hull forming the Humber estuary. The timescale is somewhere between 20 and 15 Thousand years ago.

Drilling! Time stamp. More of it.