nice detailed explanation! i had a k&n in my old car and liked it, now i want to use one in my new one but its a nice turbo and i read in forums that oiled air filters let through more dust. you can see pictures of dusty intake tunnels and there was a test that sayd that k&n let through the most dust. so if not the oil is an issue still there maybe a dust issue? and i live in germany do they also legally stand behind me and their product here?

Today I learned something new. Many say they are bad for your engine because they don't filter enough or the oil will damage the air flow sensor....but nobody has had a good explanation for their claims. By the way, thank you for NOT killing us with atrocious music and childish theatrics. Excellent video.

Finally someone that makes sense about K&N filters and not speaking from the hip. I have a car with 285,000 miles only use K&N filters. I’ve never had an issue only better fuel economy and performance out of my K&N filters on all three of my vehicles.

You've done an excellent job of explaining all this technical stuff to a lay person like myself. I will buy K&N filters thanks to you! Thank you

I'm a firm K&N supporter and have them in everything I own on the road. I've never seen anything that even suggests they are not working correctly. I do however have problems with them offroad. I've tried them on bikes and atvs offroad and every time I've seen dirt get past. Even taking every precaution making sure they were installed correctly. On my offroad toys I run unifilters.

I've been using K&N filters for 27 years. Chevrolets, Pontiacs, Mitsubishi's, Honda's, and Kia's. So anybody that ruins a Mass Air Flow Sensor is Using TOO MUCH OIL. Lightly coat the fabric DON'T SOAK it.

Brilliant video. years back, I asked my mechanic to re - jet and K&N an old Africa Twin to boost its acceleration. It made a difference- we only gained 6bhp at its best - I never thought to add a K & N to my ducati. Thanks for posting .

Finally git a good explanation of how the cotton fibers are filtering while the engine is running: vibration! Now I don't feel so bad. I just watched a guy dump a bunch of flower on his K&N filter and compare it to others. It was "static airflow" whatever that means (no vibration, I assume.) Anyway when he dumped the flower, it went right through the filter. He sped up the video so you couldn't tell how hard he threw down the flower compared to the other filters.

Put a K+N oiled air filter on my 2005 Ford Taurus SE with a 3.0 Vulcan engine. At 28,000 miles. That same K+N is still in the air box today. The car has 175,000 miles on it now! That filter has almost 150,000 miles on it. Still going strong. Clean it every other oil change or 10,000 miles. This car gets 25.5 miles to the gallon. The sound of flooring that 6 cylinder. Is AWESOME. This car will do 114 MPH before the rev limitor kicks in. Motor craft blend 5W20. First 150,000 miles now Full synthetic 5W20. Going for 200,000 miles with that same K+ N filter! Shawn.

Only just came across this excellently presented review. I’ve used K&N filters for many years but never understood the science behind them. That must have taken a lot of time to put together. Thanks for sharing.

Best explanation I've seen on oiled filters. Thanks mate very informative 👍

This is the most informative video I have ever watched on here. 👍👍👍

I run K&N in all 3 of my cars and i love it and had no problems in Mustang, Starion/Conquest Tsi/04 Pathfinder LE, and i waited 2.5 yrs before i washed any one of them and never had a problem with none of them and i felt gains as soon as the 2nd day once the filter settles in you'll notice the difference, but i also mod my exhaust for best results.

Been using k&n on my street equipment. Iv put one in my Honda Blackbird and it's little more responsive with it. I still use foam unifilters in my Honda xr650r and old Landrover as I recon they handle large amounts of bulldust better. Also each time I clean any one of these filters I have a good examin of the intake passage for any dirt that may pass but never find any. And I've never had any issues with the air flow sensor on any machines.

I just watched that exact video you referenced with the K&N team; none had oil on the MAF sensor. I'm a little more worried about particulates getting in my engine. I have the K&N CAI installed on my 2013 Honda Accord V6 coupe, and I'm liking it. Great induction sound and it includes a dyno sheet for my exact car, showing gains. It's pretty chilly up here in the PNW during the winter, so once things warm up, we'll see if I suffer any performance loss. You have put some of my fears to rest however, on it's filtering capabilities. Great video!

As a widowed female who loves my truck, 8.lL chevrolet silverado with the allison transmission!! I really thank you Andy for helping me to understand my k & n air filter!! I took mine out and found it was extremely dirty and I've cleaned er up nice! MY only question is: I don't have any k & n oil, is there something else I can use until I get some? This is my only vehicle and im 30 minutes from civilization, lol I think I'd like to replace my maf sensor- it threw the code a while back but I ignored it due to the previous owners statements but everything he told me about the truck has been far from the truth right down to sinking $3100 into a new transfercase as mine had had some very back yard repairs, he also added the wrong antifreeze and argued so had to flush and pray it hadnt damaged the heads or block.., lol I've had to learn things I didn't dream of ever needing!! So I very much appreciate your manner of facts!!!

I put a K&N in my Triumph at the 10,000km mark, same ones been in there and gets cleaned and oiled every second service interval, I have had no issues at all and the bike breathes incredibly well :)

I recall reading the engine vibes had something important to do with the K&N performance. Your explanation is the best I've heard. Intake air pulsing. There is a popular test series of graphs been trotted around on many forums showing K&N is just about the poorest filter out there for not only clogging and also poor filtration of particulates. But, these are static tests, not on an actual motor with flow pulsing. Now if we can get K&N to pull their terrible "welded nut" oil filters from the market (which seem to burst open at the weld pints without warning), they will be doing a lot to restore consumer confidence.

Your explanation helped me to understand the benefits of the filter. The one thing I believe in theory is that the filter will get the air in at its most compressed state. therefore should be able to have a more violent expansion rate, and it is the expansion of air that pushes the piston down. this was also emphasized with what you talked about with cold air as the colder the air the more density allowing more expansion

After I bought a k&n filter for my 2006 Dodge 3500 powered by a 5.9 Cummins turbo diesel I wiped the intake with a rag coated with WD-40 After two years of use every time I clean the filter the intake is wiped with a paper towel just to see if it's dirty the paper towel comes out clean everytime. And I live in desert area of Idaho the dirt roads have dust that is as fine as talcum powder. Most of the problems imho are caused by loose fitting hose clamps as well as stress cracks in plastic air passageways. One of my clamps came loose 6 months ago and I noticed a little bit of dust build-up around the clamp seams inside. Had nothing to do with the filter.

Thanks for this well informed video. I feel more confident that the K&N air filter that I installed in my Vstrom a couple of years ago was money well spent.

Great work Andy. I really appreciate all the effort you go to in sharing your knowledge! Ride safe mate.

With everything I've read and heard on the internet, both good and bad, regarding weather K&N filters increase performance and or can actually do damage to your engine it was quite refreshing to get actual objective facts and statistics rather than subjective opinions.

I use K&N in my bike and like it. Thing is, you have to do your research and understand how they work, then you have to actually follow K&N's maintenance methods. I hear all sorts of riders say they use a strong jet of water to blast clean a K&N or compressed air on an oiled paper element filter, not understanding they are destroying filter. It takes a few minutes to educate yourself, then you're good to go. Thanks for sharing what you've learned ;-)

I will be buying a k&n filter because of this vid. Great job you should definitely get a life time supply for this well done.

G'day Andy. Watched a few of your videos. Great to see a fellow Aussie on here ;) I've just bought a set of K&N air pods for my GPZ1000RX which has set idle for about 9 years and now I've got it running again and your videos on carb tuning and the like will definitely help me. Huge thanks for posting such great content!

Andy, you have a great way of speaking and making sense. I have used K&N filters on all my two and four wheeled time and distance shrinkers. Also, I am satisfied with K&N's product warranties. Thank you for the video.

Thanks Andy. I,ve literally just got in from the garage after fitting a new paper air filter to my recently acquired BMW 1200gs and until searching never realised that what was fitted was a KN filter. I think you have convinced me enough for me to swap it back in tomorrow. Still thankfully now its Spring in UK working on the bike is a pleasure.

I fitted that K&N filter on my 1992 Ducatin 900ss without the air box top fitted by using a custom made frame to hold the filter down and fitted the K&N approved re jetting kit and then removed some of the restrictive baffles in the pipes. Wow! those few mods transformed the bike into a wheelie pulling hooligan of a bike! Even experience Thundersport race mechanics and racers simply would not believe that otherwise the engine was standard. It was quicker than any of their 1100 cc conversion bikes to 100mph and on the track. Then again, to be fair the 92 SS did have different gearbox ratios to the later models which may have helped.

Just pick up the drop in K&N air filter for a new Civic but have been hesitant to install it. Read a lot of stuff after purchase about MAF issues , fine particulates ruining engines and what not . In my mind it made sense if more air flow is allowed to flow thru the filter it must mean more particulates must get thru as well. Thank you for this explanation , actually makes a whole lot more sense . Gonna install that new K&N filter tonight !

Excellent vid..very informative and enjoyable. Ive used k&n filters since the early 80s on all sorts of vehicles with no probs at all. 2 different fiat twin cam motors with oval filters on dual dcoes and dhlas. Moto guzzi lm3 with panel filter insert. Subaru ej25 with panel filter insert. All worked great with good throttle response..it felt like air could accelerate through the carbs/efi more easily. Doing up a 750 commando with a single 40phf conversion and pod filter gave a huge boost. The most fun however was in modifying a p.o.s suzuki 250 single ..removing restrictive airbox and sponge filter..replacing with kn pod,rejet and enjoyimg thr most improbable increase in power ive ever felt!..cheers.

I've always used them (and maintained them properly) and I've never had a car that drank a drop of oil between changes so I ignore all the internet trolls who say they let loads of fine grit through. They simply can't be doing.

Great video. Very detailed and that is what I like. Keep going. Deserves a like for sure. :)

K&n filter has been in my v8 Toyota since 2000,it has 300,000 miles on it and I have yet had any problems with the truck. So ,it comes to tell me some don't know what the hell they are talking about .

As a nurse specialised in intensive care, I find this explanation very interesting. It makes sense. I have been looking for a reusable airfilter for my honda crf 250 l. I ride that little bike like I stole it and the paper filter gets clogged raplidly. I ride dirt alot. A washable filter would be a nice upgrade. But the internet still does not advise it. The same comments keep on surfacing. Dust behind the filter et. I'm sticking with the stock paper air filter because it works and it's cheaper. But I still wonder...

Very helpful breakdown, I really appreciate the time you put into that explanation and comparison.

If you want to change your oil all the time then use k&n, I have a duramax diesel truck with a stock filter, My oil is clean not black. Like I always notice with a k&n or likewise filter. They let most the dust in, nothing like having grit and dirty oil in your motor all the time....

I just bought an K&N filter for my gsxr 750, looking forward to try it

I have used K&N filters on 4 Corvettes and 2 Harley Davidsons. My current Corvette is a 2014 Z51 with NPP 14 exhaust. This motor is rated at 465 H.P at the flywheel in stock form. The folks at K&N have stated their replacement filter (not the entire cold air system) should add about 12 H.P. The stock GM filter is a Delco piece made in Pakistan. Without access to a chassis dyno, I can tell you that the K&N filter has allowed my direct injected LT1 to breathe much better. The power is noticeably improved, and with the traction control turned off, the 1st to 2nd gear change on the 6 speed automatic produces a pair of 2 to 3 foot rubber marks on very dry pavement. The stock filter allowed a slight "chirp" of the rear tires. This very unscientific method of measurement is very real...and yes, it is one of those situations that one just has to experience. I would also like to tell you that mileage is better, but that is impossible, because I'm just having too much fun with this very responsive Corvette.

Good explanation, thanks. Putting a new intake on my bike this spring with a K&N filter and I was wondering why everyone says they flow better. Also, I live in Canada, getting a cold air intake is not a problem here, getting warm air intake, especially last summer, is an issue.

I'm using K&N filter in all my vehicles

Andy, I agree with you 100%. It seems that people expect the air box the filter sits in to be so clean you can eat from it. After being a mechanic for 30 years, I've yet to see an air box where the filter sits to be clean. These people don't use a regular filter and then check the air box for cleanliness. It's always easy to place blame on something you know nothing about.

I agree. Ppl are put too much oil and they don’t let it sit after oiling before install. I’ve used K&N for over 15 years. No issues. I’ve used them from e30 bmw, 80s R107 MB SL, Honda’s, VW tuned GTi no issues.

My dad ran a K&N on his 7.3L PowerStroke diesel for about 10 years. He said he cleaned and re-oiled it about once a year. When he decided to sell his truck, I thought I would swap the K&N to keep for my own 7.3. I could not believe the amount of fine dust I saw on the "clean" side of the intake. I threw the K&N in the trash. For reference: he lives on a dirt road, a half mile from pavement.

I have one on my 1988 AMC EAGLE, daily driver, has never had an issue. I do notice the engine breaths a bit better when I clean it. However, just having an air cleaner that lasts a lifetime is worth the one time price. I clean it about every eight months as I don't live or drive in any dusty areas.

I don't agree with people who say that K&N adds hp. What it does do is last much longer if maintained correctly. The only way to get more hp with a K&N filter is to modify the fuel map and other components of the engine. A new paper filter will flow as much air as a new K&N filter. The issue with paper filters is that the pores clog and if not replaced on a regular basis, your engine may be starved of air. Of course if you thrown in a K&N filter after you had a very dirty paper filter, you may actually notice the difference but that's simply because your old filter was clogged.

That's very interesting. I never heard that story. They are high quality materials

G'day Andy - VERY interesting! I learnt something today! My Ford V6 has a K&N and my Yamaha SR500 too. Very pleased with them. I didn't use one in my 916. :-) Love the SS and its "music"! All the best, Rob

I had oil on my airflow meter once .... It was my fault but I did a shit Job of application of the oil and some got onto the meter the issue is I guess that you can't take that human element but I have run k&n for years and love them !

Great Video, Andy. Very informative and loved to see a fellow Aussie on youtube

They are worth every penny. Excellent building quality.

Thanks Andy, that was very informative, coincidently I am running K&N filters on all my bikes and I wasn't totally aware of their benefits

Good video. In line with my K&N air filter use over 20 yrs on cars and now on my Triumph Bonneville. However, I've recently lost faith in K&N the company as pertains to their response to years and years of reports of failures on their oil filters that have a "removal" nut spot welded to the outer casing. . According to K&N, the welded nut is only to be used during removal of the filter and never should be used to install the filter. So, unlike every other nut and bolt on a bike/car etc., users need to always keep in mind this is special thing...to be turned in one direction only. A quick google search for "K&N Oil Filter Failure" finds many, many reports on all sorts of bike and even cars. Undoubtedly, some of the failures are due to user not following this silly one direction only requirement. But, there are also many reports for users stating categorically that they only hand tightened their filters, never touched the welded nut and yet it still failed. Note that when these fail on a bike, oil is spewed out directly in front of the rear tire in many cases. There are wrecked bikes and even seized engines being reported (one on the Triumph forums got his engine replaced by K&N for this failure...good on them I guess). I am not aware of any injuries from such a failure, but can imagine this is a very real risk. Though these reports date back to well before 2012, K&N recently issued a recall on a limited batch of their 204 model oil filters for bikes...produced from Mar. 2017. The recall just gets you a replacement welded nut filter and you're left to hope it's not going to leak. Here is a web site dedicated to this issue I came across recently: oilfilterfailure.com/ Please do a video on this issue and get the word out to fellow riders! P.S. I've alerted Matt from The Workshop about this and he might do a video...but nothing yet....you could scoop him ;-) Thanks.

I can listen to you all day... Thank you for the info I'm buying one right now.

Well done Andy 👍👍👍👍

Thank you for (finally) clearing the air.... (Pun intended) about the K&N.

Had the same issue when I bought my RamAir induction kit.Had all the muppets saying it doesn’t work you get no gains.Even thou Dyno Reading have proved gains are there.

This is a well presented and helpful discussion. I’m going to try K&N on my BMW car.

My Honda Gold wing’s manual says not to use oiled air filters.. they don’t say why but I suspect that the oriole could file sensors like oxygen sensor, airflow sensor, temperature sensor systems that are tied to the fuel injection computer. I like the standard air filter replacement that I put in my Honda Pacific coast in 1994. I cleaned it every year and we oiled it. When I sold my Pacific coast in 2020, that same air filter was still in service in my Pacific coast..Of course my Pacific coast did not have fuel injection or the sensors associated with fuel injection..

Succinct explanation. I've just fitted a K&N to my car, very happy with it.

Have a K&N panel on my 2003 Volvo v70, think I must have over oiled it at some point. K&N oil on the MAF and its working absolutely fine so either I've been lucky or the oil truly doesn't affect it. When I took the filter off one side was filthy and the other side was very clean. That's my personal experience of them. Also had a K&N on my last car for 3 years and never had a problem with the MAF. Here in the UK we also have Pipercross foam filters, would love to see a comparison between them and K&N with airflow and dirt filtration.

Excellent description, thanks for the clarification. I have been pro- K&N in concept but somewhat reluctant based on, as you say "muffin" reports. I also watched K&N's video (seems quite a few of those muffins in the comments there too) and felt very confident with the overall explanation. I recently ordered one for my Audi TT & another for my new BMW F800GS, they offered free delivery all the way from USA to South Africa & I received it in a week. Appreciate your rational approach, cheers!

I have use K&N filters for 25 years and dealerships who serviced my vehicles have never questioned them. It is always some independent who sells replacement filters that tells you they don't work. The same guys that tell you that you must change your oil twice or three times more often than the manufacturer recommended intervals

I love K&N filters, I use both the air and oil filters on my bikes both road and race, I even use them in my car and the van that I use to take my race bikes to meets. Never have an issue, not once.

Super video and very informative. Spot on with everything. Enjoyed listening to you!

I bought a k&n filter for my Harley Davidson, just the filter, it was kind of expensive, but if I buy 2 filters from Harley Davidson I've already paid more than I would have for the k&n filter

People make 2 mistakes with K&Ns: They clean them too soon, and they use too much oil.

Airbox is engineered for controlled air volume. Extremely important with CV carbs!

Thanks for posting this as taught me history of K&N My last bike came with one of there filters ill get another one for next bike(s)

I put a K&N air filter on my bike and it ran like crap, too much air for the motor. I put my OEM filter back on and now it's running great again. Keep your money and keep the OEM air filter.

bit late but....have been runnin' K&N pods on my 900 Super Sport since 1980 - would not be without them. Have always reversed flushed them with kerosene, air dried and re-oiled - never had an issue.

This is my idea if you have a high performance car for drag race 1/4 mile or oval track etc yes use this filters. But for a regular car or truck the oem filter is good. I use wix filters and no problems.

I run K@N on my bikes. carbs are jetted to suit and power commanders on efi bikes. One time while the cleaning the K@N on my carb bike that was jetted to suit K@N I put the stock OEM air filter on the bike. Took it for a squirt and it didnt run well and really choked 3000 rpm up. reinstalled the K@N and she screamed to redline. to me this said the OEM didnt flow as well and was choking the carbs with higher flow jetting. stock bikes might behave differently but i would still be looking to rejet or use a power adder if I went K@N.

An extremely well put argument. Thank you.

I am in two minds whether I will use K&N filters in the future, my current car has one of their panel filters, as did my previous one. Not sure how much inlet pulsing will happen with this car, with a turbo and inter cooler the flow is probably pretty smooth. I do remember the original David Vizard assessment, he is someone that approaches these things with an open mind. Never yet had a MAF issue, but equally no before and after dyno plots.

Hogwash from A to Z: The guys in the old days with their dirt bikes had oiled foam filters which to this day work way better than the K&N garbage. I have customers on a regular basis who pay a very hefty price for buying into the K&N marketing hype. A K&N is a guarantee to earn you a premature top end rebuild. In exchange for f*** all performance gain.

Thanks mate for explaining this in so simple way. It helped me to make my mind about k&n`s filters! Cheers!

David Vizard researches stuff well, though I think his testing of K&N filters was primarily done on flow benches and carbed engines. I have run their panel filters in the standard air box in both of my most recent cars. The current car is turbocharged so I doubt there is much inlet pulsing. One of DVs original articles looked at the particle sizes that caused most engine wear, the results were not what you might expect. DV also did extensive work into comparisons between race cars that ran no air filters and the comparison with the K&N equipped cars. The unfiltered ones soon lost significant power due to engine wear. Thank you for the interesting video.

If you are using aftermarket air filters for Your vehicle and still have warranty don't let the dealership know it can Void your warranty. For best results use OEM. People say K &N air filters save money maybe But if you ever have an issue with your engine or anything else. You would come out of pocket because the dealership won't cover.

Awesome information , really well done bro !

Nice job. You mentioned that some modify air-boxes to allow "more air flow" by creating a larger opening. That is not possible. With it running you would have lower pressure at those non-engineered new holes than the OEM part, thus less air entering, not more. That is why we calculate the proper tube diameter and length to match desired torque curves. (Head flow, port to head pipe...pipe to muffler) There is no one setting that works in every condition. On a dyno you would see a smaller/flatter torque curve.

I'm a youtuber with 900+ videos. A 2018 F150 with the 3.3 v6 make 290 hp. So if I put a K&N air filter in there. The engine will make more hp, per K&N. The problem I have with that is. The 2018 5.0 v8 make 395 hp and use the same stock air filter.

Thanks for making this informative & interesting video review

I used a K&N years ago on a dirt bike .. with no air box as I had put a GYT Kit on my 1974 Yamaha YZ-80A which used a 16 mm carb the GYT kit used a 24 mm carb I tripled my HP with porting ect.. Hit a water puddle and the engine would drown out .. with water.. again no protective air box.. Also I had a piece of sand big enough slip though after hitting water to stick my throttle wide open sand in the slide.. I have never used the cleaning fluid I need to get some .. For dirt bikes I have stuck with the foam filters that you oil can wash them in gasoline though I think Mineral spirits would be a lot safer.. I added a K&N in the nose of my snowmobile to pull in cold air .. Snow will turn to water clog and freeze the K&N Solid .. but a Compnay called Outer Wear makes socks to put over K&N filters that has such a fine mesh it lets air though but won't let water drops through .. The best combo if you use K&N off road is to use a sock.. Anytime you change any air filter on any thing with a motor .. run your finger on the inside of the air intake boot and look for dust and dirt.. I did this with a Farm Tractor that had an oil bath air filter and found out the intake hose had a crack in it .. It was sucking raw dusty air into the engine until I replaced that 2.5" air boot outerwears.com/products.asp?cat=12219

Very informative video, enlightening. cheers Andy

David Vizard an absolute authority on the BMC A series engine. ( I know not a bike engine but have been fitted to sidecars) and my frogeye.

Brilliant explanation 👍🏻

thanks for you help mate, really useful advice

Excellent Thank You So Much 😊 Cheers 🍻

they are one of the best and proven. regardless air or oil filters. ******

soooo 55% of mass airflow sensors had contamination? and the one single thing that blocks contaminants (filter) wasn't to blame? sounds right..... don't get me wrong I am a huge fan of K&N but I am fully aware of the trade off of flow vs. filtration. and I do take precautions such as in the spring when pollen completely covers my car in under an hour, I will put the old paper guys back in for 3ish weeks. Same thing in the winter if they salt has a chance to dry up and cake onto everything that gets anywhere near it. And I think that is really the way to go with them. If you know your gonna to be driving in a heavy contamination prone environment, swap out speed for protection. Also just a side complaint since I'm talking about swapping all theese filters. I drive an 09 HHR which is just about the single most annoying filter change there is.

I do servise my paper filter since I do not consider it a drop it in and leave it there component. Once or twice a year I take it out, bend it a little to better access the inner parts, take an air compressor and use the power of compressed air to remove all the crap out of the paper filter. It makes the lifespan of the filter longer and my performance is top all the time with only little drawbacks of new caught crap in between these service operations. ...and the fact motorsports use the KN filters and such... well those cars have remapped their ECU so it can use the full potential of the added air. If you just drop it into any car without that then the ECU will recalculate everything and even thou the air flow is better the effect your regular engine ECU will get out of it is close to ZERO. Sorry to bust your bubble but that is a proven fact and no video can disprove facts :) It is the same as with premium high octane fuel. You are more likely to gain HP with a nice sticker on your bumper.

nice history and science lesson :)

Super informative, thank you. I'm looking at changing air filter from oem to performance for my punto with 1.4 tjet engine. Will help with decision making

Just used dawn dish soap it cleans the dirt and oil way better than the k&n products it self..

Got this on my 94 ranger and works amazing good .

Very interesting video, thanks for posting this up!

After 300,000 km The inside of my air box was covered in a very fine dust and MAF sensor on filter side was caked with black residue. took a while to diagnose the problem because the MAF sensor was clean on the engine side and I couldn't see the grime 'till I disassembled it. Those lab tests done by K&N are bogus. If you use a K&N filter, you must clean the MAF sensor every time you clean the filter.

God, hard to believe the k an n has more surface area with the frame leak off blocking that much area

Of critical importance-don't let that K&N filter dry out-I'm guilty of that. It'll harden up and eventually crack. (Found this out after getting a bike out of winter storage.)