Photoelectric Effect: History of Einstein's Revolutionary View of Light

Рет қаралды 159,278

5 жыл бұрын

Photoelectric effect equation is important because Einstein derived it from a revolutionary view of light. This is the story of how wave particle duality was first created using primary sources. Check it out!
My Patreon Page (thanks!):
www.patreon.com/user?u=15291200
To be added to my mailing list go here:
mailchi.mp/99c964be329e/kathy
Some Links:
Atoms and Sporks (not Sproks, ooopsie) great KZfaq Channel
/ @atomsandsporks6760
My favorite history of Quantum Mechanics Book (until my book comes out):
www.amazon.com/Einstein-Quant...
The video of Mileva complaining to Albert is from "Here is what you missed in episode 4" of Genius: • Here's What You Missed...
As usual, the music is from my insanely talented friend Kim doing a cover of Schoolhouse Rock's "Electricity, Electricity". You can check her out at KimNalley.com

Пікірлер: 417

@amitpatil5151 4 жыл бұрын

No, You Did Not Mess up. You are a Fantastic Teacher. Its Hard to Imagine that how much time and effort you had given for all your research and telling us all the story.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 4 жыл бұрын

So glad you liked it.

@joeboxter3635 2 жыл бұрын

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics Unfortunately, heir Einstein is wrong. Light is a wave because it perfectly satisfies Maxwell equations. "Particles" do not interfere with themselves. And we know that is true for light as it is true for all other waves. Where Einstein went wrong is he denied Quantum Mechanics and hence had to appeal to a classical notion of particles. It's his cognitive bias. Assume light is a wave. Now look at one period of a wave undulating down a string. It's still a wave. It is made of crest and trough over it's period. It's a pulse basically. And that is a single photon. It is not a particle. It is a single pulse But we generally do not observe this with light waves or other waves. We generally observe a stream of pulses: crest, trough, crest trough, crest trough .... So that is light. But now light interacts with a atom. In particular, it interacts with electron. So then why would a series of pulses not add to give enough energy to eject electron. Energy is in the amplitude. And if I have many pulses of low frequency combine the way waves do, why would accumulation of low frequency waves not eject an electron. Why only one minimum frequency and independent of total number of wave sources? Because the geometry of the experiment is different. The waves can never be perfectly on top of each other and in phase. And the electron does not have a single locality. Think like this: you are pushing child on a swing. You push, but simply cannot move the child. You do not have enough energy in your arms. Then your partner joins you. You both push. But both you and he cannot be in the same spot where the child is. He is next to you. Even though he is pushing, he is not pushing where the child is. He's just pushing in the air. The next person comes besides you. Same thing. Only now all of you step away. I come. I'm a burly man, strong, with muscles big as everest. I push at right energy and right frequency to achieve the resonance to send the child swinging. And off she goes because I'm pushing at resonance and child looses grip. You see how the geometry of the experiment explains what is happening. And a light wave at lower frequency cannot combine at the exact locality of an electron. No more then you, partner, and next person can match exact locality of child. I can explain both interference assuming wave and the frequency requirement by the geometry of a particular experiment. Now why do I ever need to claim light is anything but a wave? But wait, you started by talking of a pulse. That pulse is a photon. Indeed, I did. And you have just made my argument. Is it a photon? Or is it a pulse? It's a wave. Pulse is a feature of all waves. So I know not this photon thing thou speak of. I know my friend the wave and he has pulses of trough+crest.

@tonyduncan9852 2 жыл бұрын

Yay.

@nandagopaliyengar1258 2 жыл бұрын

@@joeboxter3635 your explanation is the best answer , red light cannot eject electrons, UV light ejects electrons , Because UV has the right frequency, this absolutely makes sense ,

@drhshah Жыл бұрын

@@nandagopaliyengar1258 you

@stephenfoster6940 4 жыл бұрын

Excellent videos Kathy. As a physics teacher with a deep interest in the history and philosophy of science, they really help to bring the subject alive for my students. It's great to see references to the original papers too, something that most other channels neglect.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 4 жыл бұрын

Thanks! If you (or one of your students) want a link to any sources just ask. Cheers, Kathy

@mdfaizankhan4797 Жыл бұрын

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics can you provide me the link please

@gckoenig 2 жыл бұрын

I just discovered this series and I love it! The integration of the personal life stories, the social and economic environment of the times, and the contemporary research and papers put out by others, all add to the value of what you’re presenting.

@daleeasternbrat816 2 жыл бұрын

When I was a kid I had old Navy manuals. I am lucky I didn't burn down the house or electrocute myself. (A battery of capacitors made up of a half dozen used picture tubes. Just one example.)

@oscargr_ 2 жыл бұрын

I have always found it easier to absorb a physics theory once you know a bit about why/how/when it came about and what was the previously leading theory. I cannot but think you are helping a lot of physics students with your storytelling.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 2 жыл бұрын

Glad you liked it

@varahamihiragopu6667 3 жыл бұрын

This entire video series is like attending a friendly delightful informative course on the history of electricity and physics. Absolutely awesome. I think kathy had an annus mirabulus when she up loaded these videos and finally this corona lockdown will make her famous. As more and more people watch and share the videos.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 3 жыл бұрын

VarahaMihira Gopu can I give a double heart to a comment?? What a lovely thing to say, thank you.

@girijaedwards Жыл бұрын

please stop making excuses about "messing up. ". you're the most fascinating science reporter ever and so much fun to listen to. The human connections behind all this science work is truly what life is all about . please continue "messing up " or not And i vote not messing up !!! As you breathe life into the scientific world .. we all appreciate you for that ❤

@subcdriller1 2 жыл бұрын

I love your presentations Kathy!!!! They are an enjoyable and informative journey into science and history. Robert Coates

@gkprivate433 3 жыл бұрын

The man is the definition of thinking outside the box. That miraculous year when his mind was razor sharp. He looked at things, thought deeply about them, saw some logical inconsistencies, and then, saw what had to be true, no matter how odd it seemed

@aprilsianpi7973 4 жыл бұрын

Trust me, this is the only channel that I subscribe in my entire life. Always give me new knowledge. Can't wait for the next videos.

@mjsnosk8er720 5 жыл бұрын

KZfaq must be broken, this channel should have 100K subs.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 5 жыл бұрын

MJ Snosk8er thank you so much. I was feeling a bit down as this video is not doing as well as I had hoped but your comment really cheered me up.

@24680kong 5 жыл бұрын

I must agree wholeheartedly. Kathy, you do an excellent job presenting these developments in an understandable way!

@itsevilbert 5 жыл бұрын

KZfaq is broken, in many ways. They do not promote videos, unless: 1. The videos are monetized (if google can not push ads the content gets a much much much much much much much much much much much low placement). If google can not shove ads down peoples throats and make profit they will not promote that content. It is annoying but to get google to promote content to new viewers, you have to enable ads. 2. Longer videos watched from start to end gets more sidepanel placement (more time for google to push ads). 3. The videos get a large number of up votes (or down, both are equal to the algorithms), relative to views. 4. Large number of comments, anything that shows social engagement, that people who watched the video interact with each other (again relative to views). Once promoted then you need a high click through rate: A good snappy title and a really enticing thumbnail (clickbait). It is a good idea to click on "VIDEOS", "SORT BY" and select "Most popular" and see what has working for this channel and other channels in the past. See what titles and thumbnail images gain the highest views. Click Through Rate and other things are explained well here kzfaq.info/get/bejne/nK6jlJx11tOtlGw.html Anyhow Kathy's content is fantastic as always, thank you. The fault is Google does not promote it, and they do not promote it because it does not put ad revenue into their pockets, google does benefit from additional user profiling information so they infrequently add it to promoted content sidepanel. (p.s. This comment is also a bump to engagement as well)

@99bits46 5 жыл бұрын

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics it's the KZfaq Algorithm, Veritasium explained why some videos get more exposure than others. For one, Viewers must hit the like button so it ends up in other's recommendation.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 4 жыл бұрын

Thanks for the info Count Dracula! I am still struggling with the KZfaq algorithm. I monetized my videos just because of #1 (and so far made like $3.20) which I feel really bad about but I worry that is the only way to get any traction. I have to work on the clickbait stuff. Hmm. Thanks again, Kathy

@jon2431 5 жыл бұрын

You do such great work, Kathy. I always leave a little more educated.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 5 жыл бұрын

Jon thanks so glad you liked it

@billmosby673 2 жыл бұрын

The high quality of your videos shows how much work goes into them. Thanks so much for creating them!

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 2 жыл бұрын

So glad you like them, and yes, they were a lot of work.

@Roberto-REME 2 жыл бұрын

Outstanding video Kathy. You made it interesting, easy to understand and your narration is superb. Well done!

@kenindra1747 2 жыл бұрын

I just discovered you a few days ago and your articles are fantastic. Keep up the good work.

@jw228w 4 жыл бұрын

brilliant.love the background behind the equations.Mileva so under appreciated. keep videos coming. thanks john

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 4 жыл бұрын

Glad you liked it

@riodasperolas 2 жыл бұрын

Hey Kathy, it’s amazing watching you talking about Physics’ history! Like a thriller

@boyanfg 3 жыл бұрын

A big thumbs up! This is the best explanation of the photo-electric effect that I found on KZfaq. A thrilling and entertaining story especially with the historic background. Please continue this series.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 3 жыл бұрын

Glad you enjoyed it! I have another video just on the battle between Lenard and Einstein on the photoelectric effect if you are interested: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/asCBeZOWp86baWg.html

@boyanfg 3 жыл бұрын

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics Thank you very much! I will watch this ASAP. During my time at the University of Nürnberg I found a book in the Library from Lenard with the title „Arische Physik“. It was shocking to read it. It was filled with hatred. A terrifying look into a dark soul. But it taught me a lesson. You have to be watch out for intolerance and fascism even among the best educated people.

@GraemePayne1967Marine 2 жыл бұрын

Another excellent video - especially the interconnections between all of the people and their theories, ideas and discoveries. I tended to learn about each principle in isolation, as needed to explain the subject at hand. As for your presentation, your pronunciation of some names is acceptable to me because you do much better than I could attempt. A rule I was taught was if you stumble, just power on and most people won't even notice.

@warrentappe2018 2 жыл бұрын

Your presentation is, by far, the best on the web! A thousand thanks!

@paulsenjohannes 2 жыл бұрын

You are extremely eloquent Kathy and very well informed. Your memory and vast knowledge of Science and it's history is astounding. Just in this very short video I learned a lot from you. Thank you.

@tonybklyn5009 2 жыл бұрын

I'm very happy to have found your channel. These science videos are excellent.

@CharlesAustin 2 жыл бұрын

You are fantastic !! I need to hear each video an infinite number of times to get it, and I will :)? So great to hear about the stories and the development of science and it’s explorations. !! The truth emerges !! Such great people behind it all. Thank you !!

@ChucksAstrophotography 2 жыл бұрын

Wow, a lot of information here I never knew. Excellent. Subscribed!

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks

@daleeasternbrat816 2 жыл бұрын

I also instantly subscribed. Wow is also a word I used . This is well done!

@ecelectic1 2 жыл бұрын

Hi Kathy - loved the video. I've always felt science should be taught as a history class and here we are - subscribed!

@jakelabete7412 2 жыл бұрын

Your enthusiasm is contagious. Almost makes me want to become a physicist. Your pronunciation is just fine. Keep it up.

@brucewilliams6292 2 жыл бұрын

You do such a great job of bringing things to life. Thank you so much for your research and your videos!

@sergioalejandrosalinasguem9091 7 ай бұрын

I just love the way you put what, for others, it could be just a narrative of technical stuff in a way that we can perceive the human drama behind. Thank you for your passion and accuracy in the exposition of these interesting chapters of the human development. I would like to suggest a video on the history of the e number. Thanks again!

@deepakbiradar2494 2 жыл бұрын

Its an excellent video. It's pleasure to see references of the original papers. While watching this video I was feeling like I am in that era of Albert and Plank.

@brianstrom3103 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks Kathy. Another excellent video. Have posted a link to this video on my FB page to explain the complexity of early research in physics.

@gilbertogarbi4479 2 жыл бұрын

Kathy, I do love your lessons!! Congratulations!

@aarrodri 2 жыл бұрын

Been binging all your videos all week since discovering you. Love all of them!

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks

@otiebrown9999 2 жыл бұрын

An outstanding history of Einstein's discoveries. Thank you, Kathy!

@lembriggs1075 Жыл бұрын

You are so interesting! So much energy in your words and smile! Such a great scientific motivator. Thanks so much for these videos!

@TheCaptK 2 жыл бұрын

All of your videos are absolutely phenomenal. I would give triple-thumbs-up.

@mokoepa 2 жыл бұрын

I wish the video titles were numbers not on the thumbnails but the literal titles themselves just so one doesn't have to fish for the next videos... I'm addicted to your content... Very outstanding, Thanks a lot.

@billyhack9673 Жыл бұрын

Great videos, Kathy! Keep up the good work!

@marklepage2133 2 жыл бұрын

Discovered your channel about a week ago, and I am hooked! I have subscribed, I love this channel! Thank you

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks Mark.

@lamequemaciel6412 3 жыл бұрын

Under quarantine days, my professor (about structure of matter) often shared your channel. And I appreciate.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 3 жыл бұрын

Glad you (and your prof) liked it!

@49minutesago 2 жыл бұрын

Really enjoying your videos, your presentation is delightful and the historical approach insightful.

@nirajabcd 4 жыл бұрын

Your channel deserve much better recognition like the other popular science channels. I think will happen in due time.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 4 жыл бұрын

Niraj Shah thank you and I hope you are right. Feel free to share

@michaeltellurian825 2 жыл бұрын

What a great lecturer! Your exuberance is deeply felt.

@JO-mg6xc 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you, Kathy! thank you, Kathy! thank you, Kathy! You’re a great teacher and a better story teller

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you for the lovely comment ❤️

@Unique-Concepts 3 жыл бұрын

This is the best channel and most underrated....Hated youtube algorithm...For not showing until now...

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you for the lovely compliment. On the plus side now you have hours and hours and hours of videos from me to watch while waiting for my newest video 😉

@sergioreques4524 3 жыл бұрын

Thanks! We need more videos like this, to put real life into the equations and learn about the many roundabouts science developement requires. Also wonderful the way underconsidertion of Mileva is shown. I'm using all of this for my classes, for sure! ^_^

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 3 жыл бұрын

So glad you liked it - I hope I don't irritate your students too much

@sergioreques4524 3 жыл бұрын

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics Students NEED irritation ^_^

@urbinamdm 2 жыл бұрын

I just fell completely for your videos!! You really make the science come alive. A big thank you!!

@buenosairesam 2 жыл бұрын

I can believe only now yt recommended me this channel. Great content!

@richmanz447 Жыл бұрын

This video popped up and it was great. A well edited presentation that had the perfect mix of history & theory for the masses.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics Жыл бұрын

Glad you enjoyed it!

@emana6553 Жыл бұрын

Beautiful and Inspiring !! Keep it up.

@manmohanmehta5697 8 ай бұрын

Opened my eyes.Right from the calculation of speed of light (which required very sophisticated experiments ) ,to the mathematical equations leading to photoelectric effect, light as quanta leading to space time concept makes one wonder the development of physics almost a spiritual experience. I may be wrong in above sequence of events, your videos are eye and soul openers. Lots happenings at a very fast pace these days when observations and experiments are being carried over on grand scale , great to be alive and watching as it happens.

@ardecki7961 5 жыл бұрын

Great video Kathy. Can't wait for the next one.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 5 жыл бұрын

Marek Ardecki so glad u liked it.

@BailelaVida Жыл бұрын

Great video, as usual. Thanks dearly. Please continue improving sound quality..

@donphilp7511 9 ай бұрын

Excellent, I am enjoying every one of these things. That I have discovered that you've made.

@supermikeb 9 ай бұрын

She has a new one, and I think it's her best yet.

@AndrewBlucher 2 жыл бұрын

Great work! I'm gradually getting through the backlog.

@sanjeevsharma9998 6 ай бұрын

One of the best description of Photoelectric effect

@julianramirez4465 4 жыл бұрын

Love this channel very much. Thank u for this Kathy. U shall grow to 10 million subs.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 4 жыл бұрын

Julian Ramírez so glad you liked it. And 🤞 your prediction comes true.

@BigJohn6060 2 жыл бұрын

wonderful shows. Very illuminating (ahem...) and lively! Well done!

@UOttawaScotty 2 жыл бұрын

Your channel is amazing, really enjoying the content

@monkmonk2747 4 жыл бұрын

wow so - glad to have come across this Video. loved it As a Physics teacher I have been looking for interesting ways to teach to give my students a a real vibe of story behind the discoveries and inventions!

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 4 жыл бұрын

This comment makes me so happy. I have a whole catalogue of videos if you are interested and feel free to contact me if you want to talk (email is in the "about me" section)

@monkmonk2747 4 жыл бұрын

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics Hi Kathy - you will surely be hearing from me. Thank you so much

@Karreth 2 жыл бұрын

I'm glad my physics education didn't let me down - I did already know the significance of Einstein's description of the photovoltaic effect. You video provides some excellent historical context, though, and I don't think I quite understood how Planck fit into the story before. Excelent video as always!

@Karreth 2 жыл бұрын

*Photoelectric effect

@benmmbk765 2 жыл бұрын

You are giving us an ALL-ROUND picture of not only physics but about SCIENCE the great. Thanks and respect. From India.

@PabloA64 8 ай бұрын

So much interesting video!

@SC-rb2jr 2 жыл бұрын

Nicely done. Many Thanks.

@dr.kasrafarahani1172 2 жыл бұрын

wonderful informative work, thanks a lot.

@keybawd4023 2 жыл бұрын

Another totally fascinating and informative video. Having learned all this in a classroom, how wonderful it is to see it come to life with photos, potted biographies, original papers and documents, and your own special way of narration -WOW! These videos should be available to schools. I think that this kind of approach to science might encourage all those students who reject it as 'too difficult' "just learning formula" "dry". It might make them realise that Science is the longest and most gripping Sherlock Holmes story there is!!! I jest. But there is truth in it. Thank you.

@ahmetgazi5624 2 жыл бұрын

You clearly explain the concrete contribution of Einstein. Very clear.

@geetgeorge9696 4 жыл бұрын

Just discovered your channel! I haven't been more excited at the prospect of finishing all videos of a channel. You combine two of my favourite interests: Science + history. Just a personal request, though... If possible, could you explain conceptually or simplistically some more details? For example, in this video, could you explain how Einstein put together the relativity principle and Maxwell's equations together to show that mass and energy are not independent. I don't have a physics background, so it doesn't come easy to me. But absolutely great job, nevertheless... I am hoping to learn and know a lot from you. :)

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 4 жыл бұрын

I should probably make a video about E=mc2 by itself huh? (This one was really about Einstein's interpretation of quantum mechanics in the beginning). I have a (long) list of videos that I missed in my semi-chronological videos and I will add that. I am not sure when I will get to it, though. Sorry. Kathy ps. I think it is great that you are liking these videos without a Physics background, I was hoping they would work for everyone.

@geetgeorge9696 4 жыл бұрын

@@Kathy_Loves_Physics You are already doing a good job with the series.. The ones that you think you missed, you could always keep for season 2? :P

@Goku17yen 2 жыл бұрын

Love this channel giving the context of such groundbreaking things!

@supermikeb 2 жыл бұрын

In her newest video she hold the very first science book in her hand, as well as many of the first science books!

@Goku17yen 2 жыл бұрын

@@supermikeb wow, I gotta check that out. Thanks ☺️

@ReevansElectro 2 жыл бұрын

Always exciting and interesting. You are very personable and are developing your personal brand.

@henrywasserman 2 жыл бұрын

Loved it - thank-you so much - your enthusiasm is infectious.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 2 жыл бұрын

So glad you liked it

@JagdishCVyas 2 жыл бұрын

Very nicely narrated story. Thanks.

@TexRenner 2 жыл бұрын

I'm so glad I found you, Kathy!

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 2 жыл бұрын

I’m glad you found me too

@keacoq 2 жыл бұрын

Another great video. I would like to see a list of your videos, so as to be able to browse them..

@wati52 2 жыл бұрын

Love your videos Kathy. Thanks.

@craigcales1168 2 жыл бұрын

A very enjoyable series on scientists

@macbookpro1232 Жыл бұрын

Watching your videos is like... falling in love !!!!

@alastairchestnutt6416 5 жыл бұрын

Another great presentation. Thanks.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 5 жыл бұрын

Alastair Chestnutt you are quite welcome

@pauleohl 2 жыл бұрын

Needs/deserves many more views, likes and subscribes. Kathy creates an excellent presentation.

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks

@piquitojuno3383 2 жыл бұрын

Your lectures are so illuminating that make me go back in time when I was a young man attending school…Thanks…

@paulscousedownie 2 жыл бұрын

I love this ladies passion and knowledge about science and physics. More importantly her whole way of her presenting scientific facts. She's a delight to watch even if you don't fully understand all the technical aspects of her presentations. .

@lawrencedoliveiro9104 2 жыл бұрын

8:03 The explanation I remember reading is that “quantum” is the Latin answer to the question “how much?” -- it just means “so much”. There is no implication of “indivisibility” about it -- that’s what “atom” means -- “not cuttable” in Greek. Now there’s a lovely word, “atom”: it seems to have a curse such that any concept it is applied to inevitably turns out, sooner or later, to be indeed cuttable into smaller parts.

@janedoe5229 3 жыл бұрын

I am really enjoying learning from you. :)

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 3 жыл бұрын

Happy to hear that!

@robertroy1878 2 жыл бұрын

Also, great video! Love your work.

@stevebriggs6469 Жыл бұрын

Another awesome vid. Thank you :)

@mikey20is 2 жыл бұрын

Really, really good work, thanks.

@rafaelprdm4 2 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much. I am finally filling in the gaps in this history. I have read Faraday and max. Finally I understand e=mc2 .can't get enough.

@kn9ioutom Жыл бұрын

THESE LECTURES ARE AMAZING !!!

@Kathy_Loves_Physics Жыл бұрын

Thanks

@lingarajpatnaik6514 2 жыл бұрын

Sweet video. Loved it!

@RalphDratman 2 жыл бұрын

This is amazing. Thank you!

@jimimaze 2 жыл бұрын

Just watched this a second time. You are wonderful!

@justanotherguy469 2 жыл бұрын

I really enjoyed your presentation.

@martinmalloy8119 4 жыл бұрын

Thank you for this fantastic lesson...

@Kathy_Loves_Physics 4 жыл бұрын

Martin Malloy you are quite welcome

@davidhomer78 3 жыл бұрын

Why didn't You Tube let me find your videos sooner? I like watching them. I have watched other physics videos by the dozens and searched quite a few physics topics but you only came up a few days ago.