Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide widely used throughout the world. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified glyphosate as a probable human carcinogen. The safety residual level of glyphosate in food is regulated in the USA and Europe as well as other regions. Direct analysis of underivatized glyphosate, however, can be challenging due to its minimum retention on a reversed-phase or hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) column and severe adsorption onto the stainless-steel flow path. On the other hand, glyphosate and other polar anionic contaminants tend to strongly retain on an anion-exchange column and require high salt mobile phase to elute, which is not friendly to mass spectrometric analysis.
These challenges motivated the development of a hybrid ion-exchange/HILIC column that offers balanced retention of glyphosate as well as other polar contaminants. With the column, an LC-MS/MS method has been established for the detection of glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), glufosinate, and 14 other polar contaminants in various food matrices in a single run. Additionally, the nonspecific binding of glyphosate and other chelating compounds onto stainless steel is minimized with a simple passivation solution.
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