Liver tumor embolization or chemoembolization, often referred to as Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE), is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat certain types of liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or liver limited metastatic tumors.
During TACE, a combination of chemotherapy drugs and embolic agents is delivered directly into the blood vessels that supply the tumor. The procedure typically involves these steps:
- Catheter Insertion: A thin, flexible tube (catheter) is inserted into an artery, usually in the groin, and guided through blood vessels to the hepatic artery, which supplies blood to the liver tumors.
- Chemotherapy Infusion: Chemotherapy drugs, often mixed with a contrast medium to enhance visibility under imaging, are injected directly into the artery feeding the tumor. The goal is to deliver high concentrations of the drug directly to the cancerous cells while minimizing exposure to the rest of the body.
- Embolization: After chemotherapy delivery, embolic agents such as tiny particles or beads are injected through the catheter. These particles block the blood vessels supplying the tumor, causing its blood supply to be cut off. This helps in trapping the chemotherapy drugs within the tumor, enhancing their effectiveness by depriving the tumor of its blood supply.
The combination of chemotherapy drugs and embolization aims to shrink the tumor, slow down its growth, or alleviate symptoms. TACE is often recommended for patients with liver tumors who are not suitable candidates for surgery or transplantation.
This procedure is performed by interventional radiologists, and patient selection is based on various factors including tumor size, location, and overall liver function. The effectiveness of TACE can vary depending on individual patient factors and tumor characteristics.
Before undergoing TACE, patients typically undergo imaging studies such as CT scans or MRIs to assess the size and location of the tumor, helping guide the procedure and treatment plan. Post-procedure monitoring and follow-ups are essential to evaluate the treatment's effectiveness and plan further management if needed.
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