Making Sodium Hydroxide
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Күн бұрын
@ScrapScience Жыл бұрын
Hello all! This video is pretty old. This one pretty much dates back to the very start of the channel, yet it's still one of my more popular ones. If you've come here looking for information on how to make sodium hydroxide, this isn't really the place to get it. Luckily, I've revisited this topic since, so you can find a much better series of videos on the topic right here: kzfaq.info/sun/PL-HKUYpPsonl9h80qh8dfqj6H2w0iB2qd
@sugarbooty 6 жыл бұрын
I think the non permiable membrane was why your sodium carbonate electrolysis capped at that current, maybe it had degraded and been even worse for the sodium chloride. Carbonic acid is what makes soda fizzy, it's basically carbon dioxide dissolved in water. Some say it doesn't exist at all. It spontaneously turns into carbon dioxide because the amount of energy it takes to break apart the carbonic acid is less than the amount another molecule bumping into it provides. Because this bond is so weak, it is synthesized slowly and the carbon dioxide mostly diffuses into the air. Putting a power supply in series with batteries is not the best idea, because if the cells discharge too much you'll reverse the polarity of the voltage on the battery. This destroys the lead sponge in it and irreversibly damages or ruins it. With lithium cells it might even catch fire. What you could do for more voltage from your pc power supply is use the -12v rail and +12v rail, this will give you 24v of potential. The only thing is that the -12v rail can't supply as much power as the +12v one can, but in this application I'm pretty sure it'll be fine. I'm sorry if I explained the obvious to you, I just want to make sure the fundamentals are understood. Keep experimenting, keep learning! Have a great day my man
@ScrapScience 6 жыл бұрын
Yeah, the membranes definitely don't seem to last too long, I might try to work on using a better gelatin (possibly agar?) in another video. And the whole thing with connecting batteries in series with the power supply only occurred to me after I'd finished the whole setup, guess I'm just lucky that I disconnected that battery before it got totally ruined. Thanks for the info on carbonic acid too, that definitely seems more reasonable than my theory given the fact that I tried making carbonic acid in a second experiment (by using the same process, but putting the sodium carbonate in the cathode chamber instead), but was only able to reach a pH of around 5 or 6. After reading up on carbonic acid, it seems like this is the maximum point that the equilibrium between H2CO3 and CO2+H2O can reach under the partial pressure of CO2 in the atmosphere. Also, I did totally forget about that -12v rail. That would have made things much easier, especially at those low currents, thanks.
@blademonger6179 Жыл бұрын
Produce Carbonic Acid by blowing Carbon DIOXIDE into water when exhaling through a straw into a cup of water. Just concentrate the acid via distillation. #BlowingBubblesInWater
@Tridenux 4 ай бұрын
He means to say, a low amount of carbonic acid is being generated and reacting with the solution. Yeah It's quite possible, because carbon electrodes erode quickly and mix in the solution then generates arbonic acid which again reacts with hydroxide solution,. Thats crazy !! use chromium, or gold electrode, because gold is quite cheaper then platinium,. Its also very good conductor electricty.
@Tridenux 4 ай бұрын
It's 100% fine using batteries in series or parallel. It's meant to be used like that.
@kreynolds1123 4 жыл бұрын
Resistance in the bridge is proportional to its length, and inversely proportional to its cross area.
@salmanmerza3621 4 жыл бұрын
Thank you. I understand. I have benefited from you. You are a nice boy
@ZerotackerWorld 3 жыл бұрын
Nice ideas, i will use them in my research.Thank you my friend!
@vanillakilla6 5 ай бұрын
like yur video m8 im finna use you in later projects just expect that shout out !!! much APPRECIATED!!!!! love you
@ProckerDark 5 жыл бұрын
man you are genious! i liked the video very much
@ErgonBill 2 жыл бұрын
Heheh I recognised the river straight away. Howdy neighbour.
@AdS-rsa-gea-getra-product 4 жыл бұрын
Best information...👍👍
@haoyoudodod2426 2 жыл бұрын
شكرا
@williamfields8452 3 ай бұрын
Thank you for sharing this, very fascinating. I love this salt bridge idea! I'm going to try and make one this week. I'm going to try to find you video of how you made it, but in case i don't find it. do you think its a good idea to reach maximum saturation with the sodium chloride before adding it to the gelatin? Also i should mention you grabbing water from the river could have been the mistake on your 2nd experiment. i did a similar thing a couple of months ago and didn't realize that sea water has a number of other salts in the mixture like magnesium, potassium, and calcium. all of those can make their own hydroxide groups and would be competing reactions. slowing down and/ or stopping some reactions from taking place. I'm no chemist but i would guess calcium being the most reactive is going to be the most problematic.
@arafatrihab5382 4 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much,Sir........
@user-bg4lq6dc2u 4 жыл бұрын
Thank you!
@CarterColeisInfamous 2 жыл бұрын
4:14 u-tube roll credits
@kreynolds1123 2 жыл бұрын
It might help maintain purity if one limits gas that can get to the cathode chamber. It is best to keep carbon dioxide and chlorine gasses away from sodium hydroxide solution.
@ScrapScience 2 жыл бұрын
Yep! definitely. Covering the cathode chamber is an important addition to the process if you want to make reasonable amounts of the NaOH. In fact, I made an updated video on this process, where I do just that: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/n8B4aMlzlc-xZ4k.html The cell I put together in the video I linked is orders of magnitude better than the one in this video (I mean, I made this video before I even understood any chemistry properly, so it's no surprise that it didn't work well).
@lisemariecaron4366 4 жыл бұрын
Hello, very informative video, i don't understand perfectly what your electronics are, a batery, & than... ? And yes for the electrodes, thanks for your answer, the carbon batery ones wil be the best , thanks , you are inteligent
@ScrapScience 4 жыл бұрын
Seeing as the resistance of the cell was quite high, I added a battery in series with my power supply to increase the input voltage and drive more current through the cell. It’s not necessary though, all you actually need is a power supply.
@saleemsarjani7961 5 жыл бұрын
Nice information you shared, make video of how make glycerin from crude to technical grade
@joseheredia9275 5 жыл бұрын
Can you do the divided cell electrolysis thing but instead use fermented urine (ammonium carbonate) in the anode and plain water at the cathode to see if it makes ammonia solution.
@kreynolds1123 4 жыл бұрын
Ammonia breaks down at a lower voltage than H2O
@mauricereece4238 5 жыл бұрын
if i make the NaOH up to the reaction phase, do I still need to dilute it still in water for soap making?
@lee6269 3 жыл бұрын
Hello, i really enjoyed the video but could you explain to me how you did the u-shaped tube in steps ? English isn't my first language so i'm struggling a bit to understand how it's done, thank you !
@ScrapScience 3 жыл бұрын
I have another video specifically for that here: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/Y7WSiauDxp-7cpc.html And another one which goes over the process of this video in more detail: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/irpxmpd3mtmtias.html
@lee6269 3 жыл бұрын
@@ScrapScience thanks a ton ! Keep doing your videos man !
@asstronix6657 4 жыл бұрын
How did you know that the process is complete and all the sodiumchloride is used to produce sodium hydroxide?
@trilokigupta4409 4 жыл бұрын
Bro can we use a pvc filled with compressed cotton to connect both glass. Both glass can have hole on thier trunk and that pvc would connect that both glass. Water as well as NACL will be added in both solution.
@ScrapScience 4 жыл бұрын
Yep! That'll work. Just know that the NaOH product will be much more pure if you add NaCl to the anode compartment exclusively, and just use pure water for the cathode compartment.
@samuelxu267 4 жыл бұрын
how do you make the mambranes?
@Im_a_Zionist Жыл бұрын
For the power supply, what would be enough to produce a lot of NaOH
@omsingharjit 4 жыл бұрын
What left if i electrolysis just nacl and water in same Container ?
@ScrapScience 4 жыл бұрын
Assuming you use inert electrodes (carbon or platinum), you'll end up converting the sodium chloride into sodium chlorate, a powerful (and very useful) oxidiser. It's a little bit tricky using sodium chloride as a starting material though, because the final sodium chlorate is quite soluble, and difficult to separate from the NaCl. I do have another video, kzfaq.info/get/bejne/l8eFdt2b1ZOspXU.html , which goes over the process you're describing, but using KCl instead of NaCl as a starting solution. It's a slightly easier process because the final potassium chlorate is relatively insoluble, and can be filtered out.
@Tridenux 4 ай бұрын
16:04 cations and anions of a compound are exchanged with the ions of membrane. For example, H2O compound H+ ion is exchanged with Cl- ion, but it dosnt travel theough the tube/jel-it-in/membrane. That was your biggest mistake in video.
@Tridenux 4 ай бұрын
I.e: While building the membrane, your must apply must as possible amount of NaCI or any other ionic salts, because when you use small membrane to generate large amount of compound(NaOH), the membrane cell wouldn't be able to provide enough ions for the solution. Remember the ions dosnt travel through membrane, but membrane itself is an exchange hub. You can imagine it like a money transfer, you give money to bank and bank will add balance to recivers accounts, but you don't parcel the money/notes. Membrane is just like a bank, a transfer/exchange/communication medium ! Cell 1 transfer 1 ion, and membrane will give opposite ion of that to the cell 1 and cell2 will also conduct an ion exchange from membrane. Just like when you transfer money from bank, you get a receipt.
@Tridenux 4 ай бұрын
If you want to increase the yeild : use a membrane with higher surface area . If you want to stop the membrane from breaking : you will gonna need mathematics for this, yeah It's possible to stop membrane from eroding, you just have to stop the electrocty supply before it starts errord. How to do it --> amount of available ions in the surface area of membrane (while you build membrane) , wattage , water Take this factors and calculate, check your solution ph (for confirmation), and stop the electricity supply ! It will prevent from eroding
@Tridenux 4 ай бұрын
Once the membrane has reached the limits of ion exchange for cell, then you can flip it, flip the membrane tube, it should work. You can flip the tube at the same range of time, it will stop errodision, +plus reusing × never ending.
@ScrapScience 4 ай бұрын
This just isn't how salt bridges or ion-conductive membranes work... I think you might be talking along the lines of ion exchange resin, which is a different thing.
@omsingharjit 4 жыл бұрын
Why salt bridge is necessary , if it can be done in same container ?
@ScrapScience 4 жыл бұрын
This process can't be done in a single container. The electrolysis of sodium carbonate in a single container has no net change of the solution, as any hydroxide ions formed on the cathode are free to react with the hydrogen/bicarbonate ions on the anode. The electrolysis of sodium chloride in a single container, likewise, doesn't work because the hydroxide formed on the cathode is free to react with the chlorine formed on the anode, eventually making sodium chlorate instead of sodium hydroxide. In order to make NaOH, a salt bridge is necessary in order to separate the products formed on the anode and cathode.
@omsingharjit 4 жыл бұрын
@@ScrapScience thank for this :) .
@marcim5172 4 жыл бұрын
@@ScrapScience That's what happens with Chrome in the manga Dr Stone chapter 71, he tries to make naoh but makes bleach cuz he used the same container
@ScrapScience 4 жыл бұрын
@Marcim Ancap Wow, hat’s off to them for getting the process right, that’s awesome.
@NishchayG 5 жыл бұрын
I finally did this electrolysis 4 th time and this time with clay pot but I got an 10-11 Ph NaOH.And it didn’t burn my finger 🥺 which Ph will burn my finger pls tell me
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
A pH of 10-11 is a quite a low concentration of NaOH. Realistically, you should get a pH right past the limit of 14 before the solution is actually useful. I'm pretty sure I had to leave my cell running for several hours to get anything meaningful. Leaving it going for multiple days would be ideal. I'm afraid I don't actually know what concentration will burn your finger, and even at high concentrations it may take some time to attack your skin. Either way, I would strongly advise against it as a method of testing.
@NishchayG 5 жыл бұрын
NaOH will react with CO2 in air while we do the electrolysis should we instead use oil on the water in cathode , and my NaOH did not react even with Al , so i finally dipped my finger.I will not dip it again but would like to know the feeling :)
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
You shouldn’t need to worry about the reaction with CO2, it occurs so slowly that it really isn’t a problem, and plus, the electrolysis reaction will convert it back to NaOH anyway. The only cause for concern would be if you left the solution open to air for a long time afterwards.
@NishchayG 5 жыл бұрын
Thanks scrap science, u really helped me a lot .Love your channel
@user-tx1ks5yi6t 2 жыл бұрын
Hwo you make the pridg
@sayyidarkhanhuseiny4174 4 жыл бұрын
Is that possible that the kation are moving to cathode through the salt bridge because all i knew is that the Sodium ion can’t move through the salt bridge and the only Thing that move is just the electron. Please explain it for me
@ScrapScience 4 жыл бұрын
The sodium ion certainly can move through a salt bridge. The salt bridge is an ion conductor, not an electron conductor. Electrons don't move through aqueous solutions.
@Tridenux 4 ай бұрын
1:23 😳 you said gold ? is that true ? my place has cheap golds, can i use it as electrodes ?
@ScrapScience 4 ай бұрын
It depends on what you use as a starting material. Gold doesn't play nicely with chloride ions under some circumstances, so I'd only use it if your starting material is sodium carbonate or bicarbonate.
@Im_a_Zionist Жыл бұрын
Will a power socket (the ones you find on the wall) be enough for this reaction? And if yes, how can transfer it to crocodile clips
@petrlaskevic1948 Жыл бұрын
You need DC, not AC. Also not 220V, but lower
@abdajzajs6368 3 жыл бұрын
Do you know a way to prepare synthetic cannabinoids at home?
@jester_x 5 жыл бұрын
I'm a bit late to the party, but maybe this'll help someone else that watches. The main reason you weren't getting much current is entirely due to the distilled water on the negative side. Pure distilled water will not conduct any electricity whatsoever. That you were getting even getting any current at all was probably due to a slight salt or other contaminant on your probe or bridge dissolving into the water and increasing its' conductivity. The massive amount of resistance distilled water represents will stifle any electrical process using it, though It doesn't take much to 'contaminate' the water and make it start conducting. The more contaminant present, the better it conducts.
@kreynolds1123 4 жыл бұрын
Pure distilled water is not an insulator. It does conduct some small amount due to random auto ionization of H2O into H3O+ and OH-. Although this happens much more so when one adds something that is ionic like an acid base or a salt of the two. Furthermore, It wasn't pure distilled water for long. His biggest issue was bridge resistance being proportional to its length and inversely proportional to its diameter.
@jester_x 4 жыл бұрын
@@kreynolds1123 Hate to break it to you bud, but you are wrong. Pure water is an excellent insulator. You can literally cut a power cord off an appliance, split/strip the ends, plug it in, and dip the ends into a glass of distilled water and absolutely nothing will happen. Try searching "does pure water conduct electricity" sometime.
@kreynolds1123 4 жыл бұрын
@@jester_x en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-ionization_of_water "Chemically pure water has an electrical conductivity of 0.055 µS/cm. According to the theories of Svante Arrhenius, this must be due to the presence of ions. The ions are produced by the self-ionization reaction H2O + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + OH− This equilibrium applies to pure water and any aqueous solution" As I pointed out pure water conducts some because it auto ionizes. Granted, the amount of conductuctivty is relativly small and based on the amount area in contact with water. But that was never in question. I said its conductivty was small and grows with the addition of ionic substances.
@jester_x 4 жыл бұрын
@@kreynolds1123 You also started your comment by saying "Pure distilled water is not an insulator", which is what I am saying is false. It insulates very well. Theoretical micro-conductivity due to spontaneous self-ionization in a lab is all well and good, but practically how long does that glass of distilled water need to sit there and self-ionize before you can actually measure a current across it (with home equipment)? I am saying for all practical purposes, pure water does not conduct electricity. As I said in my original comment, the fact that he was measuring any current at all is far more likely due to probe contamination or some of the salt used in his bridge dissolving into the distilled water.
@kreynolds1123 4 жыл бұрын
@@jester_x You can try to dismiss it as theory, or lab only because a lab scientist tested its conductivity and ensure that it is pure water, but those dismissals dismiss the very science that proves pure water does conduct some non trivial amount of current that increases with the amount of surface area. I'd dare you to put your arm in a tub of pure water with carbon electrodes fed mains voltage at either end and tell me again that pure water is an insulator, but I really wouldn't want you or anyone else to be hurt in the process. I just dont want people doing things based on false information that could hurt or kill them. Yes, I said pure water is not an insulator, because you can not trust the fact that it doesn't conduct as good as a metal, or salty, or tap water to protect you from harm. Saying pure water is not an insulator is not saying pure water is a good conductor. The world isnt alwase binary.
@freexe392 Жыл бұрын
How can I extract the naoh from the solution
@ScrapScience Жыл бұрын
By boiling the water off
@kreynolds1123 2 жыл бұрын
I was just wondering, when is it best to use alkaline or basic.
@ScrapScience 2 жыл бұрын
Generally, there's no real distinction between the two terms, but there is a technical difference if you want to be picky. A 'base' refers to any substance or solution that follows the Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, or Lewis definitions of a base, regardless of whether it is soluble or insoluble. 'Alkaline' refers only to basic solutions, where you have a soluble 'alkali' dissolved in water. So there are three different situations here: 1) If you have an insoluble substance that will react with acids to neutralise them (such as a metal oxide or something), you'd call it a base, not an alkali. 2) If you have a soluble substance that will react with acids to neutralise them (such as a soluble hydroxide or carbonate), you could call it a base or an alkali. 3) If you have a solution with a high pH, you could call it basic or alkaline. Ultimately, if you're just talking about solutions, there's no difference between using the term 'basic' or 'alkaline'.
@NishchayG 5 жыл бұрын
hey if we heat the diluted solution of NaOH then we should get cons. NaOH. But my NaOH turned lemon yellow , i did not understand what happened, further the reactivity of my NaOH decreased.Can u help me with this
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
I’m afraid I really don’t know what’s going on there, it’s possible that your original solution was somewhat impure, or the container you heated it in was reacting with the NaOH, but other than that I’m afraid I can’t help.
@ProfessionalNeet222 5 жыл бұрын
Wouldn't you be able to make HCl from the NaCl solution?
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
St Xavier I'm afraid not, under ideal conditions it would theoretically work, but in practice any chloride ions in solution are oxidised at the anode to chlorine gas rather than remaining as hydrochloric acid
@ProfessionalNeet222 5 жыл бұрын
@@ScrapScience wouldn't the water over time filter small amounts of chlorine forming HClO?
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
St Xavier yes, however the dissolution rate of chlorine gas in water is very low. So the amount of HClO that you would obtain would be small
@ProfessionalNeet222 5 жыл бұрын
@@ScrapScience I tried making HCl and got a liquid with a pH of 2-3 any idea what it could be?
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
@@ProfessionalNeet222 You probably have an extremely dilute mix of HClO and a little bit of HCl, due to the chlorine dissolving in water. Even so, a pH of 2 in terms of hydrochloric acid is only a concentration of 0.4g/L, so while you have made a small amount of HCl, you may struggle to find a use for that amount.
@NishchayG 5 жыл бұрын
Hey and what happens if i do not separate the solution ,what will i end up with ? Is it useful , I heard i will end up with bleach and hypochlorite acid ,is it correct ,can i separate bleach and hypochlorite acid .Pls reply me .I love Your channel just found it today !!
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
If you don't separate the solution, assuming that you use graphite electrodes, you'll end up generating a solution of sodium chlorate (NaClO3), which is a useful oxidiser. The solution will of course be contaminated with your initial sodium chloride, and a small amount of sodium hypochlorite, so if you actually want to generate sodium chlorate you'll need to somehow purify it from that. Nurdrage happens to have a video on a very similar process (though he starts with a solution of potassium chloride rather than sodium chloride), which explains the whole thing in a lot of detail: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/n9pxobl7l9zUeIU.html
@NishchayG 5 жыл бұрын
I used carbon rods,Is there difference in the end product if I use graphite
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
Carbon rods are the same thing as graphite anyway. So it won't matter which one you use
@NishchayG 5 жыл бұрын
got it
@mummiedanser1609 5 жыл бұрын
if you use a different solvent, would it be possible to make elemental Na?
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
Theoretically yes, however, there are very few solvents which would not react preferentially over the Na+ ions on the cathode. Most of the time you’ll end up reducing the solvent rather than the metal. Although apparently using propylene carbonate can work for this, according to a few sources.
@NishchayG 5 жыл бұрын
Hi , Scrap Science I separated the two solutions and gave 18V current,for 2 hours and the salt bridge here was paper towel, but the reaction speed and bubble formation was as if the voltage was 3V , PLS help me and is the liquid in the cathode side Dil NaOH . i know that NaOH reacts with acid (i used apple cidar vinegar)but nothing happened ,finally i heated it so that it becomes a concentrated solution but it was of no use then i dipped my finger (which i should not have done for testing) but my finger is fine .So what is the liquid in the cathode ? PLS help me
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
I'm afraid the reaction rate, even with a high voltage like 18v, will be seriously hindered by the salt bridge, especially if you are using a paper towel. If you want any meaningful amount of NaOH, you'll need to run the cell for a lot longer, possibly multiple days, but this will depend on the actual current (the amps, not the volts) of your cell. If you did everything right, you would certainly have had NaOH in the cathode chamber, though your test with reacting it with vinegar doesn't actually produce a visible reaction, hence why you didn't see one. Also, your finger was fine from the fact that there wasn't much NaOH present at the final stage, like I said before, you'll need to run the cell for a lot longer to get any reasonable quantity of NaOH.
@NishchayG 5 жыл бұрын
Yes i felt a trouble in the paper towel salt bridge the bubble formation after 2 hours was only visible by torch light . So, should I use a clay pot as u used in your other videos ? Will it be a better salt bridge and make the reaction quicker
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
A clay pot would be absolutely ideal and will probably speed up the reaction a great deal. Just make sure you get one without a hole in the bottom (or plug the hole with silicone sealant) and you're good to go.
@NishchayG 5 жыл бұрын
Thanks for your help, I will use a clay pot
@lisemariecaron4366 4 жыл бұрын
For the electrodes, other than carbon, what's the most easy to find metal u can use for it
@ScrapScience 4 жыл бұрын
I’m afraid there are pretty much no easy to find metals which will work as an anode (as a cathode it’s very different, as pretty much any common metal works aside from aluminium). The anode is particularly tricky as the surface is under intensely oxidising conditions which destroy most metals, so there are only three ‘easily’ obtainable materials. The first is platinum, which is more expensive than gold, so not a great option for a small scale. The second is called a ‘mixed metal oxide’ electrode which is titanium coated with special conducting oxides (you can sometimes find cheap ones on eBay). The third, as I used in this video, is graphite/carbon which is by far the cheapest and easiest to get anode (in fact, you can use a pencil lead if you can’t find anything).
@lisemariecaron4366 4 жыл бұрын
Thanks :) very instructiv
@AS-ug2vq 3 жыл бұрын
@@ScrapScience can we use gold?
@ScrapScience 3 жыл бұрын
@A S a gold anode will easily be destroyed in a chloride electrolyte, and it’s unlikely to hold up much better for carbonate/bicarbonate. I’m afraid gold isn’t quite inert enough for these purposes.
@EpzilonZ 5 жыл бұрын
Can you use a metal wire as membrane?
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
I'm afraid not. Using a wire would just turn the cell into two separate electrolysis chambers. Using something like vegetarian gelatin is necessary as it needs to be conductive of ions, not electrons.
@shipragupta1351 5 жыл бұрын
I actually did not separate the mixture and then i got a solution which on evaporation looks like common salt.Can u pls tell me what it is
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
I can't really tell you with that amount of info. What type of salt did you start with and how much did you use? Also, how long did you leave the cell running, and at what current?
@shipragupta1351 5 жыл бұрын
half cup salt, 9 volt current, 1 bowl water and probably 2 hours
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
Assuming you were using graphite electrodes, the salt left over will primarily be the same as what you started with, just regular table salt, seeing as you didn't run the cell for too long. However, some of it will probably have converted to sodium chlorate, due to chloride being oxidised on the anode.
@shipragupta1351 5 жыл бұрын
Thanks for your help
@BubblesAdventures17 2 жыл бұрын
How would you convert the liquid NaOH to a soild form ?
@ScrapScience 2 жыл бұрын
To turn the solution of sodium hydroxide into the solid form, the only way to do it is to boil off all the excess water. This is incredibly difficult though, as removing the last of the water requires temperatures of over 300 C, spits everywhere, and can't be done in glassware since the sodium hydroxide attacks glass. Usually, it's a lot more useful to just leave it in solution.
@ScrapScience 2 жыл бұрын
@@googler763 Yep, stainless steel is the way to go if you're going to try this.
@IshfaqBhatm 4 жыл бұрын
Can cotton work as a bridge
@ScrapScience 4 жыл бұрын
It certainly can
@NishchayG 5 жыл бұрын
what happens if we pass the hydrogen gas and chlorine gas in water, will it make HCl . Pls reply,Thanks
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
It won’t do much except for posing the risk of an explosion. By themselves, chlorine and hydrogen won’t make a solution of hydrochloric acid, you’d need to react them together first to get hydrogen chloride gas, or they’ll have no reason to dissolve. Reacting the two gasses makes a big explosion and can be unpredictable from the fact that a small amount of UV light would detonate it. Either way, making hydrochloric acid from hydrogen and chlorine wouldn’t work, or it would be very dangerous.
@NishchayG 5 жыл бұрын
If I do it in a dark container and inside my house
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
Even so, you have to react the gasses together every time you do it, each time resulting in an explosion. First of all, you'd need to mix the H2 and Cl2 gas and react them together (using some kind of electric ignition) by this reaction: H2 + Cl2 -> 2HCl (and then bubble the resulting gas through water) No matter what, this reaction is always explosive and it's incredibly unlikely that you'd be able to do this safely or in large quantities without a major industrial setup, not to mention that HCl gas itself is very corrosive and dangerous itself. I really wouldn't recommend trying it. A much safer method (if you have the proper glassware) would be to add sodium bisulfate (or sulfuric acid) to table salt, which would generate HCl gas when heated. If you really need hydrochloric acid, just watch the video Nurdrage made on the topic: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/j62al5qp3brZiqs.html That being said, hydrochloric acid is pretty much always cheaper to buy than to make, so it's really not viable unless you definitely can't get some from anywhere.
@NishchayG 5 жыл бұрын
😔😔😔😔😔 ok I will stop the reaction, but I actually I was doing this for the second time.
@NishchayG 5 жыл бұрын
But we need light then only Hydrogen and chlorine will react and explode, but if I don’t do that then just chlorine will react with water right?
@ThePeterDislikeShow 3 жыл бұрын
How do you make the membrane?
@ScrapScience 3 жыл бұрын
I go over the process in this video: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/Y7WSiauDxp-7cpc.html In hindsight, the membranes are not very effective for long periods though. My latest video gives a much more effective method for NaOH production.
@CarterColeisInfamous 2 жыл бұрын
4:32 vegan food is good for something
@ltsgobrando 2 жыл бұрын
Would a lead electrode work?
@ScrapScience 2 жыл бұрын
Nope, sorry. Lead will work as a cathode, but will slowly fall apart and dissolve into solution as an anode, leading to a toxic mess.
@ltsgobrando 2 жыл бұрын
@@ScrapScience Firstly thank you for such a timely response! I love your channel and have been an active viewer for ages, though I'm fairly recent subscriber (I watched enough that you were always in my recommendations, I honestly just hadn't notices I wasn't subscribed). Knowing how engaged you are with you community makes me respect you just that much more. I'm curious as to why lead wouldn't work. My assumption was that a lead anode would oxidize, but since lead oxide is conductive after the surface completely oxidized the excess oxygen would off gas. What did I miss?
@ScrapScience 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks! Glad you like the channel. As for your follow-up question, when a lead anode is oxidised, you're correct on the fact that it will generate lead (IV) oxide on the surface. However, this oxide layer is not perfect, it's highly porous and incomplete, so there will always be some degree of exposed metallic lead. In some processes this isn't a problem, but in this particular case, some of the oxidation of the metallic lead that occurs on the anode will generate lead (II) ions, which can enter solution with hydroxide ions and other impurities you might have. Overall, while it might work to some degree, it will always give you some degree of soluble lead in your product, which is something I'd definitely try to avoid if there are other options.
@ltsgobrando 2 жыл бұрын
@@ScrapScience Thanks for the insight! Lead(II) actually hadn't crossed my mind 😅 On a completely different note I got kinda an odd question for ya... would you ever consider doing a challenge video? Because if so I've got one you could attempt if you're interested. I was bored a few weeks back and decided I'd have a go at make a synthetic ruby, but I gave myself two restrictions: everything I used had to be made by me, and everything used had to be common household materials. I want to wind up with an optically clear ruby, which has been the only hangup thus far. I'm pretty close as I successfully made a ruby, I'm planning on repeatedly using it as a seed until I can get a peice that's got a uniform lattice, at which point I'll be able to create an optically clear one. It wasn't too bad honestly, my entire materials list was some gypsum, table salt, aluminum foil, pop cans, and old cutlery... well not including the equipment I had to make, but that was stuff like an old pc power supply, a few buckets, a plant pot, and some blocks from my firepit. I'm planning on making a video about it on my soon to be started channel "SpudNick", just wanna get the process down beforehand 😁. I'd love to see what you come up with!
@dogodogo5891 4 жыл бұрын
so basically if u can isolate chlorine u can make HCL?
@marcopendoli 4 жыл бұрын
Yeah, but u need to make the chlorine react with hydrogen to form hydrogen chloride and then make it react with water to obtain hydrochloric acid
@dogodogo5891 4 жыл бұрын
@@marcopendoli i though there was hydrogen n cl liberated while Na+ moved, ia m thinking about making hose and throw gas into third water container
@marcopendoli 4 жыл бұрын
@@dogodogo5891 chlorine is liberated at the anode while hydrogen is liberated at the cathode and Na+ ions joins OH- ions to form NaOH. If u want to make hydrogen chloride the reaction between hydrogen and chlorine i think it's very exothermic and probably explosive, but it's possible
@dogodogo5891 4 жыл бұрын
@@marcopendoli LOL i forgot about exothermic reaction! thanks for warning, btw please do video about sodium silicate from hot NAOH + scrap powder glass(not silica gel) i think u gonna make amount good count of viewer :)
@ivanfaye3041 4 жыл бұрын
What about stainless steel will it replace the carbon rods
@ScrapScience 4 жыл бұрын
Stainless steel will quickly corrode when generating chlorine or oxygen. It will work as a cathode but not as an anode. The only suitable anodes are carbon, platinum, and mixed metal oxide electrodes.
@ivanfaye3041 4 жыл бұрын
@@ScrapScience and when you use sodium carbonate, does it produce CO2 or CO in byproduct and if it does where it's coming anode or cathode
@ScrapScience 4 жыл бұрын
CO2 is generated alongside oxygen on the anode
@ivanfaye3041 4 жыл бұрын
@@ScrapScience thx for helping me out u definitely deserve more sub
@ScrapScience 4 жыл бұрын
No worries :)
@tuxedogaming5289 3 жыл бұрын
can’t you also make HCL from this ? that’s what i’m doing - i got hcl and naoh
@ScrapScience 3 жыл бұрын
Nope, HCl is very tricky to make with this sort of method. Due to the fact that chloride is easier to oxidise than water, the end result is generating chlorine gas on the anode rather than the hydrogen ions necessary for HCl production. That being said, as the chlorine bubbles off the anode, a VERY small amount will dissolve and disproportionate to form very dilute HCl and HClO in solution, which will make the anode compartment measurably acidic. The concentration of this acid is practically useless though.
@tuxedogaming5289 3 жыл бұрын
Scrap Science Scrap Science Damn dude, I was really excited to finally make HCL at home after some youtube tutorials. I used 2 cups and put a cotton membrane in between them, so I guess I could use that make sulphuric acid using the method from your other video. If you don’t mind, could you maybe refer me to some DIY methods to make HCl. I would really appreciate it. Thanks :)
@ScrapScience 3 жыл бұрын
Sure thing! I know of 2 basic ways of making HCl. Both of which involve a slightly complex gas collection setup though: The first method involves first making (or some way acquiring) sulfuric acid and reacting it with NaCl to form HCl gas. Nurdrage has a good video on this process: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/j62al5qp3brZiqs.html The second method I know of is to use the chlorine and hydrogen gas generated by this electrolysis setup, and react them with UV light to form HCl gas (very difficult to do safely as the reaction is often explosive). Another channel, MysteriusBhoice, seems to have the process worked out though (he has a few videos on the topic): kzfaq.info/get/bejne/obN7d9V5x5q7Z4U.html
@andreuasencios3620 Жыл бұрын
What happen if i use sodium bicarbonate instead of soda ash, i still get caustic soda or only soda ash in solution
@ScrapScience Жыл бұрын
Using sodium bicarbonate will still give you sodium hydroxide. Any soluble sodium salt works here, and will produce the same product.
@lets_play4288 4 жыл бұрын
Can we use gold for the anode
@ScrapScience 4 жыл бұрын
It depends on your starting material. While gold is completely inert in most circumstances, if it's used as an anode when starting from NaCl, it will quickly corrode and dissolve into solution due to chlorine formation. It'll probably work better when using sodium carbonate as the initial reactant (as that will avoid chlorine evolution) but I'm not sure how much better. It's still very possible that the gold will deteriorate, especially at higher voltages.
@lets_play4288 4 жыл бұрын
@@ScrapScience thanks
@NishchayG 5 жыл бұрын
Is paper towel a good salt bridge or can I use glue gun sticks ?
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
Paper towel will work perfectly fine as a salt bridge for most uses. A glue gun stick however, won't, as it doesn't conduct aqueous ions
@NishchayG 5 жыл бұрын
Thanks for your quick reply
@arafatrihab5382 4 жыл бұрын
Is 9 volt battery perfect for this reaction?
@ScrapScience 4 жыл бұрын
To make a solution measurably basic? Yes. To make a reasonable quantity of NaOH? No. The capacity of a 9v battery has enough charge to make less than a gram of NaOH, so from the perspective of making useful amounts, it would be completely useless. A proper power supply is really what's needed
@rox.h6601 3 жыл бұрын
Just get a PC power supply
@Im_a_Zionist Жыл бұрын
@@ScrapScience Can you give me some examples of good power supplies for this reaction
@lightyagami4530 Жыл бұрын
he tells not to use copper for cathode and aluminium for anode... me who is actually using these two till now...😭😭😭😭
@salmanmerza3621 4 жыл бұрын
good boy
@lensenscharf6875 Жыл бұрын
Digger ich hab Robert hammer her mull da den stromkreis nicht geschlossen ist
@Singulut Жыл бұрын
Bruda zu welcher Schule gehst du denn?
@lensenscharf6875 Жыл бұрын
@@Singulut ja sorry hab LRS und war auch noch mies hige als ich das geschrieben habe.
@Dman6779 5 жыл бұрын
is there any other membrane i could use?
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
For a really simple membrane, a piece of paper towel can just be draped over between the cells. For most purposes it should provide enough separation for the reaction to work
@Dman6779 5 жыл бұрын
@@ScrapScience thank you for the quick reply
@Dman6779 5 жыл бұрын
@@ScrapScience should i wet it first ?
@ScrapScience 5 жыл бұрын
@@Dman6779 Yes, you could either wet it or just let it soak up some water before you start the reaction, it won't matter as long as the paper is soaked
@Dman6779 5 жыл бұрын
@@ScrapScience got it going right now thanks for the help
@brandonprice7752 3 жыл бұрын
I would believe Those cheap plastic red cups would not suffice for this experiment. I use to use them regularly as drinking cups untill i noticed that coca cola and pepsi completely leeched these cups of a petroleum residue. Now taking into consideration that pepsi being an acidic carbonated beverage with a PH around 2.5 that totally pale's in comparison to the alkalinity of sodium hydroxide which has a PH of 13.0 I believe your biggest problem stems from the polymer your using as an electrolytic cell is not completely chemically inert!!! All plastics are not made the same!!! Given that most plastics are organic hydrocarbons you also have synthetic hydrocarbons. Your using #6 plastic A.K.A polystyrene which is polymer made from a monomer called styrene. Which is basically a foam that can come in solid form or a foam form. This type of material would most definitely not suffice as a proper electrolytic cell. Try PVDF plastic as the cell in your next trial and you can easily avoid any byproducts contaminating your electrolytic cell and thus contaminanting the sodium hydroxide itself also if you switch from graphite to a platinum rod you'll produce a higher quality product. #FOOD4THOUGHT