Michael Levin | Taming the Collective Intelligence of Cells for Regenerative Medicine

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Michael Levin | Taming the Collective Intelligence of Cells for Regenerative Medicine

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Seminar summary : foresight.org/...
Michael Levin, Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology
Bioelectric Networks: Taming the Collective Intelligence of Cells for Regenerative Medicine
Michael Levin, Distinguished Professor in the Biology department and Vannevar Bush Chair, serves as director of the Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology. Recent honors include the Scientist of Vision award and the Distinguished Scholar Award. His group's focus is on understanding the biophysical mechanisms that implement decision-making during complex pattern regulation, and harnessing endogenous bioelectric dynamics toward rational control of growth and form. The lab's current main directions are:
• Understanding how somatic cells form bioelectrical networks for storing and recalling pattern memories that guide morphogenesis;
• Creating next-generation AI tools for helping scientists understand top-down control of pattern regulation (a new bioinformatics of shape); and
• Using these insights to enable new capabilities in regenerative medicine and engineering.
Prior to college, Michael Levin worked as a software engineer and independent contractor in the field of scientific computing. He attended Tufts University, interested in artificial intelligence and unconventional computation. To explore the algorithms by which the biological world implemented complex adaptive behavior, he got dual B.S. degrees, in CS and in Biology and then received a PhD from Harvard University. He did post-doctoral training at Harvard Medical School (1996-2000), where he began to uncover a new bioelectric language by which cells coordinate their activity during embryogenesis. His independent laboratory (2000-2007 at Forsyth Institute, Harvard; 2008-present at Tufts University) develops new molecular-genetic and conceptual tools to probe large-scale information processing in regeneration, embryogenesis, and cancer suppression.
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Пікірлер: 140

@representextual Жыл бұрын

The Body Electric by Robert Becker and Gary Seldon, published 1985... look it up, find the book. It sucks that this comment won't be seen by anyone because of the algorithm, but this awareness that electricity governs biological development and functions was known like 40 (or more) years ago, but no one took them seriously.

@marcus8710 Жыл бұрын

We're decades behind in all our biological science - read this book and look for anyone using the findings.

@vanessankcellnobtchute9120 Жыл бұрын

Very interesting!

@susanwoodward7485 2 жыл бұрын

Robert Becker, Jerry Tennant and Rupert Sheldrake are smiling on Michael and his colleagues. Electricity is life at its foundation - polarity and its gradients within the morphogenetic field drive everything. So glad to hear someone deeply challenge the genome theory of everything.

@Theodorus5 Жыл бұрын

Becker is the father of this field for sure...

@TheSheekeyScienceShow 3 жыл бұрын

Amazing talk. I am now fascinated by the bioelectric code!

@andrew-729 2 жыл бұрын

Hey I know you! I just found your channel researching anti aging stuff. Great stuff you make, thanks for it! The end game with this stuff here is storing a single humans essence in a small container, like a metamorphosis in both directions at will. Sounds crazy right? It's not, if the memory is retained like Michael is saying here. Amazing.

@Wardor82 2 жыл бұрын

Every sentence is incredible OMG.

@Salman-tt7or 3 жыл бұрын

It is incredible that we have free access to this!

@treedom5094 Жыл бұрын

0:48:41 - anyone with interests in cancer diseases ... follow this closely.

@shafiulismam5334 3 жыл бұрын

fantastic stuff! what an age we live in!

@Upnpersonal Жыл бұрын

I regenerated a finger cut off at over 40 years old. Doctors and nurses said it was impossible to grow back and tried to convince me to sew it up but I demanded they bandage it only and then I went home. They were so shocked when I went back with a whole finger. They all screamed when they took the bandage off and saw it.

@TheMedWolf Жыл бұрын

What did you do? Robert Becker’s pricking method and a moist environment?

@Upnpersonal Жыл бұрын

@@TheMedWolf I had previously studied Shaolin Qigong with a Shaolin monk for years and had achieved certification as a teacher. By the time the finger incident occurred, I had bridged the gap between simply practicing, and making it an integral part of my lifestyle. Look into Delta brainwave state. I used specific portions of what I learned and also ate between 5-10 quail eggs a day. I cannot, in good conscience, suggest anyone go over 5. Please don’t! I do believe other dietary habits contributed greatly, as well as getting plenty of sleep. Also, and I cannot overstate the importance of this, I just knew… I mean KNEW for sure that it would grow back. I know people want to hear something more complicated, technical, or dramatic, but this is really what happened. And I’m a musician with well trained hands since early childhood so you can imagine how traumatizing it was at first, and how blessed I feel now.

@starxcrossed Жыл бұрын

@@Upnpersonal what’s the deal with quail eggs and why wouldn’t people eat more than 5 ?

@Upnpersonal Жыл бұрын

@@starxcrossed Sorry for the delay. Quail eggs are super powerful in many ways, in addition to the nutrient content. Men, in particular, benefit from great performance enhancement to the point of these eggs fixing sexual arousal issues. I commonly use them for increased strength and endurance, taking them the night before. First time was funny because, not joking, I woke up to me poking me in the stomach, demanding I get up, and go outside to find something/someone to do… For men like me who have no erectile dysfunction issues, it’s a cape and an “S” on the chest. Reason I said not to go over 5 is the vitamin A content. Vitamin A is oil soluble and in being such, once you take too much, it can’t just be rinsed out like water soluble vitamins like C. Vitamin A poisoning is terrifying. I made that mistake twice. Causes brain swelling, possible stroke, heart trying to jump out of your chest. The head pain is difficult to describe, all encompassing, unrelenting. I’ve used up to 10 at a time but the question is - What else have you taken that day? What sent me over the edge was forgetting about the cod liver oil I’d taken minutes before the quail eggs one day. If I was not well trained in Shaolin Qigong, I would not have been able to take control of autonomic functions, lower heart rate and blood pressure, etc. As it turns out, a recent change in vitamin supplements has caused another miscalculation to happen again. Last week. Telling you, you don’t want that pain and terror I guarantee. Thankful for the test of my abilities, but no more please. Thank you.

@Upnpersonal Жыл бұрын

Forgot to mention, living here in Japan where quail eggs are readily available at every supermarket, I’ve done quite a bit of research on them and the list of benefits is quite varied. For those of you worried about salmonella, the bird’s body temp is too high for that to survive in it, and the eggs have a blocking substance in the very thick membrane so you get totally safe eggs to consume raw. Cooked, they don’t have anywhere near the same effect. I’ve been testing quail eggs/dosage/timing/pre/post workout/empty vs full stomach and many other variables using high pressure physically strenuous situations where I don’t have the option of failure for well over a decade. I purposely eat the same thing every day for weeks to be able to isolate variables & effects.

@mindeys 3 жыл бұрын

38:32 Is this the beginning of "Electromics"? The holographic properties of these pattern memories: "Those 2-headed worms: if you now cut them into pieces [...] electrical circuit really keeps the memory until you can set it back [...]. "That electric circuit also keeps the learned memories: the worms that grow from the pieces retain the learned skills." Wow. I wonder, which memories have the holographic properties, and which do not -- are there memories that are locally and do not propagate to split and regenerated animals? The idea of having an electric map of tissues and each organ would be an amazing leap forward. Is there even a word for describing the regular patterns for each tissue and organ? "Electromics"?

@Theodorus5 Жыл бұрын

Electrome ?

@mindeys Жыл бұрын

@@Theodorus5 bioelectrome?

@Theodorus5 Жыл бұрын

@@mindeys yes, that's better

@HominidPetro Жыл бұрын

This is like if Rupert Sheldrake actually did the biological research behind "morphic resonance," which is what he would call that "emergent" property mentioned @9:20

@alanharris7878 Жыл бұрын

I thought of Sheldrake too. He catches lots of flak but I have always thought his ideas were intriguing

@mikedavid5071 Жыл бұрын

Great talk. Death is built into life. We can never eliminate death. But noninvasive techniques like this can be game changing.

@fire10167 Жыл бұрын

Not built into planaria apparently, do these worms count as life?

@InfiniteCyclus 3 жыл бұрын

I've read about this guy's work. They made these kinds of walking bio-robots which are only a collection of cells without a central nervous system. Very interesting.

@johnb4884 2 жыл бұрын

Xenobots

@oldarisso6819 Жыл бұрын

you already got it in you, you jabbed fellow

@adaptercrash Жыл бұрын

Something about just eat and they say its the best

@classic_sci_fi Жыл бұрын

This is huge. Why has it not generated more interest? 😎

@linkymcfinkelstein6763 2 жыл бұрын

This will be the topic of a @Veritasium video some day.

@immortalityIMT 2 жыл бұрын

Most amazing presentation I have heard this year. I am into aging reversal research.

@SS369 2 жыл бұрын

Michael Levin and David Sinclair are the pioneers I follow when it comes to agin research. Combining their expertise is something I believe may be key to reaching actual age reversal.

@immortalityIMT 2 жыл бұрын

@@SS369 David Sinclair is a fraud. There was no reason to go about YT mentioning David Sinclair

@SS369 2 жыл бұрын

@@immortalityIMT I beg to differ but you do you, and don’t tell me what I should or shouldn’t do… jeez

@noorulali1184 Жыл бұрын

Good account name

@anthonylawrence5842 Жыл бұрын

It seems to me that the fourth (gel) phase of water which exists in every cell and contributes to its fundamental electrical activity, must play a major role in morphogenesis and intra and extracellular communication.

@JakeWitmer Жыл бұрын

Just watched Gerald Pollack's video, "A Fresh View From The Water's Edge" did you? That's a great video. I was wondering how Stephen Badylak's focus on the ECM (and use of "pixie dust" powdered ECM to regrow a fingertip) relates to this talk. Badylak gave a talk to the 2011 "Singularity Summit" where he showed how his team regrew an entire esophagus and implanted it successfully, and all the muscles reattached to it in the right place. (All without incorporating a knowledge of the bio-electrical field that, according to this lecture, surrounds it.)

@anthonylawrence5842 Жыл бұрын

@@JakeWitmer just read Pollack's book The Fourth Phase of Water...must have an influence on morphological development. Also, I think a deeper understanding of cellular development and morphology will be gained from geometry rather than mathematics.

@JohnAutry Жыл бұрын

Is there an electric memory to overcome?

@JohnAutry Жыл бұрын

I like the wand?

@anthonylawrence5842 Жыл бұрын

@@JohnAutry There seems to be a form of electrical morphogenic memory built into cellular structure which is above and beyond the genes

@neithanm Жыл бұрын

Super interesting, specially with a complete spinal cord injury...

@fennadikketetten1990 3 жыл бұрын

Extremely interesting information! Although a bit of a shame somebody forgot to turn off their notification sounds.

@rustybolts8953 3 жыл бұрын

Sorry for making the comment below too soon. We are advancing far faster than I knew just a few minutes ago. All I can say is WOW! Thank you all again...

@happyman6318 3 жыл бұрын

Thank you so much for this amazing presentation and discussion 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏

@elba_magellan 3 жыл бұрын

Truly beautiful stuff. Thank you

@Nah_Bohdi Жыл бұрын

Brilliant research.

@jamesmcintyre3456 Жыл бұрын

Dear Host, I usually listen to most dialogue discussion video at 1.25 or 1.5x speed. I slowed speed down to .75x for the very first time except with very strong accents or to catch one word that wasn't quite clear. Love everything else about you and your show. Michael Levin is unbelievably brilliant, may he live long and prosper (sorry for the stolen quote, it just struck me obvious)

@svegritet 3 жыл бұрын

This is a fantastic work that you publish for free 😍

@israelt.3739 Жыл бұрын

The key word is "voltage state"!!!

@fannyalbi9040 Жыл бұрын

what voltage quantity is that?

@israelt.3739 Жыл бұрын

@@fannyalbi9040 Bravo!!

@1948DavidB Жыл бұрын

Wonderful, beautifully presented

@FortniteKingClips 3 жыл бұрын

Awesome!

@bennguyen1313 3 жыл бұрын

Would love to hear his thoughts on the work by Frances Arnold. She also takes a top-level approach by first introducing a DNA change that targets a particular enzyme of interest, and then introduces it back into bacteria. Then by breeding and selecting for the bacteria that generates the most highly optimized version of the modified enzyme, the final recipe can be obtained without needing to know anything about protein folding!

@muadek 2 жыл бұрын

This is simply mind-blowing.

@zamaradavila467 Жыл бұрын

Dr.Levine can you post the textbooks or any written material relevant to your research? I would love to learn more about this fascinating topic.

@MsTatli Жыл бұрын

Very very interesting suppose u could implement this beyond physical patterns , if functionality were also a patten defined by same type bioelectricity...imagine this implemented to "function patterns" and retrain the immune system to function in the correct pattern...

@369stellar Жыл бұрын

The morphogenetic field is like a neural network alive. Low freq communication that human cannot perceive

@friedrichkoerner Жыл бұрын

So the militarys should be interested. The soldiers which lost arms or legs could be repaired and the war can go on.

@richardprice9730 Жыл бұрын

The most groundbreaking biology, regenerative breakthrough in last 50 years ,intuitively this corresponds with ancient biomorphological electric -energetic photonic fields,this is truly incredible. But why not use electronic magnetic stimulation to open and close on channels rather than drugs ?

@jordangreenwald1654 2 жыл бұрын

Only issue is he really made it seem like aging would be very hard to work on even in this way . and he said homeostasis and a couple other things would lead to rejuvenation?

@jackieElizabeth28 3 жыл бұрын

It's also quantum and regular physics, so what pressure points are necessary to exist in order to counter the forces experienced by the organism, as in gravity, atmospheric pressure, etc

@treedom5094 Жыл бұрын

Cool. I recall reading some papers on subtle currents of injury ... already pre-fabricated sheets of new tissue are 'floated' into place at injury site, was the picture that arose in my head at the time ... May take a while to locate the papers again.

@CityMeme Жыл бұрын

Thank you Dr. Levin for speaking english because i couldnt figure out what that girl said

@kiberenigestsebez6633 Жыл бұрын

This man is Einestine of our time

@leonniceday6807 3 жыл бұрын

I have a question: since M.Levin influences the cells by applying chemicals that manipulate the state of the ion channels, how does he know that it is the electrical effect (voltage changes across the cell membrane) that is responsible for the downstream morphological changes in anatomy? It could be that the electrical phenomenon is just a symptom, and the main effects of those chemicals, in addtion to altering the ion channels, is directly acting chemically on the cells.

@juliantaylor7368 2 жыл бұрын

I was thinking the same thing

@leonniceday6807 2 жыл бұрын

@@SS369 It looks like you haven't read my question carefully.

@SS369 2 жыл бұрын

@@leonniceday6807 ah yes, indeed. My bad 🙊

@drmichaellevin 2 жыл бұрын

Because we can reproduce the exact same effects with molecular-genetic tools: introducing open, closed, or mutant channels, and we can use sodium, potassium, chloride, or proton channel mRNA; or you can do it with optogenetics - light stimuli that change Vmem state, same exact idea. It doesn't matter what ion or what channel gene *as long as* it has the right effect on the voltage. We've shown this in all our early papers: it's not anything about off-target effects of any drugs, it really is the voltage and it doesn't matter how you got to the voltage because what the cells measure is the voltage distribution, not the specific ions or the genes that made the hardware (proteins) that enable those states to change.

@GeneralTrusty Жыл бұрын

@@drmichaellevin this sounds like serious reinforcement on the research of Dr. Martin Pall showing that the voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) of our cells are activated by EMF and microwave (cell phone, etc.) radiation, causing oxidative damage.

@rustybolts8953 3 жыл бұрын

When looking at this subject I suspect something ongoing at a deeper level. Then when looking at quantum levels and computing, I suspect something ongoing at a deeper level. How deep do I have to go? I so do hate not having a clue! Dr. David Sinclair called it "The deep observer" It looks more like the deep program so far to me. As for who or what is the programmer opens yet another kettle of fish, ageless or not. Pure unintended coincidence is not a likely answer in my current opinion. So I will just have to keep on looking... Thanking all of you for a very informative video as always...

@bazmalaza85 3 жыл бұрын

"keep on looking" - thats it! its about the process! no need to go "deeper" or "shallower" (dont get lost in opposites, try to BE somewhere in the spectrum). LET GO! seems to be a problem w a lot of knowledgeable people in academia. its ironic, isnt it?

@MikeLisanke 2 жыл бұрын

wondering if Michael Levin's lab had considered scanning force microscopy where the servo loop would sense the electrostatic field (at a small distance) from the cell over a wide-range of its surface? I worked at IBM in the early 1980's where original work was developing an Atomic Force Microscope and that team went forward with designs to servo the scanning microscope (usually for topology not field strength) to cover an area for use in many more fields than the original semiconductor manufacturing/test target. I don't know the current state of art but can imagine they've progressed to the degree where electrostatic field strength could be detected with a scanning process and (with some scan time delay) mapped the entire region of a biological system.

@Theodorus5 Жыл бұрын

but we need to do that in 3D volumes of biological tissue and not just the surface.......

@MikeLisanke Жыл бұрын

@@Theodorus5 It's been a while since I 1st considered Dr. Levin's work with Ion Channels. When discussing in Chemistry seminar we were talking about looking at a single ion channel and discussing its working. I'm not certain if that is even considered to be at the top-down software layer, rather than thinking at the hardware layer. But looking at the mechanisms of the ion channel was what I was thinking at the time.

@Primitarian Жыл бұрын

Fascinating but also terrifying.

@joeredunzoe3280 Жыл бұрын

I wonder if the Bioelectric Network is affected by external forces such as quantum signalling from the Field ?

@nohandle962 Жыл бұрын

Awesome.

@sdsa007 Жыл бұрын

wow!

@longcastle4863 Жыл бұрын

Levin and Dennett must have some great conversations

@JohnAutry Жыл бұрын

Bravo

@darmst9940 Жыл бұрын

Super imortal humans is the outcome of this reasurch. But what is missing is what, or how is the final design determind.

@danesmitable Жыл бұрын

Would small developmental differences like facial structure and even finger prints be a result of some randomness thar occurs in electrical processes? Could this bioelectrical signaling system also be responsible for hereditary memory (instincts)?

@svegritet 3 жыл бұрын

🤩🤩🤩 Please help us in Sweden. Science use many humans to build a comunication system that read minds. No country other than Sweden has in so many documents expressed that Sweden should use a communication system where we do not have to memorize an address, a telephone number or a poem. That means they do research on humans. Do they have informed concent? No.

@richardprice9730 Жыл бұрын

So let's take this a bit further reto contact and collaborate with ROAM moorefield ,extract cataracts and then control in vivo the epithelial cells on the edge to regenerate a new lens ,1st really important application 6.2 million plastic lense fitted ,again this happens in young children ,why what is diff about the the biolectric field production in young lense as opposed old etc

@Nightchamp 2 жыл бұрын

Fascinating!

@davidg.johnson7208 Жыл бұрын

Wow. On Startrek the crew would telll a cumputer what type of meal the computer they wanted and instantly a cooked meal would appear! Sounds like this computer using Bioelectric could come true! And maybe for households too!

@rtnjo6936 2 жыл бұрын

33:20 That's amazing!!! Imagine possibilities

@mitraserodray5471 Жыл бұрын

Thank you for this , wanted to ask how cancer treatment can utilize this and if there are existing clinical tests

@alexanderefremov4701 Жыл бұрын

So the high-level programming language for organism morphology is a subsequence of switchings on different ion channels in different cells? Am I right? Have you understood that system of coding?

@ericsonhazeltine5064 Жыл бұрын

How do I buy stock in your companies?

@nickjunes Жыл бұрын

I still don't quite get how adding drugs can change the shape of the electric gradients. Is it just one injection or do they add drugs in many places?

@Acetyl53 Жыл бұрын

Seems as time goes on, the notions of the ancient religions and the occult "mystery schools" continue to be substantiated. If not the causes, certainly the existence of the described phenomena itself. Non-locality of memory, at least non-local to the brain. This correlates with the "astral body", Akashic records, and perhaps even a sort of Indra's net-like multiverse scenario with reverse causality. Due to the cold war, existing over the air broadcasts, problems of industrial hygiene and electrical feasibility (liability), then the unfortunate expansion of telecom to include cell phones, then wi-fi, bluetooth, induction chargers, and endless other applications, the fields of bioelectromagnetics and magentobiology have been largely defunded and repeatedly and systematically poisoned by industry. Goes back to Galvani and arguably Mesmer, but d'Arsonval in 1893 proper studying RF on cells. More was known in these areas 1960 than today. Being careful with wording so youtube doesn't just delete the post, not speculation, watched it happen, tested it, traced out their system over the last 3 years, etc. Started with USAF wanting to put radar in NATO member countries without resistance from local populations, hence their thermals only doctrine. You have the work of Davis and Rawls (body surface voltages, magnetic influences on seed germination and growth of other organisms). Harold Saxton Burr's "L-fields" he thought dictated growth. Lot of Russian work on structured water, mmWave induced changes in frequency output and discharge pattern with water capacitors, some of which don't reverse on their own, they represent a stable macrostate. Mitogenic radiation and pulsed UV/IR/other small EM bands as intercellular communication. Sheldrake's morphogenic fields. Several come to mind, all the way back to late 1800's. Lastly, this may help explain the memory decompartmentalization effect of drugs like phenibut, and why they were used for PTSD in the USSR. Phenibut is primaryily a calcium modulator, apparently, not strictly GABA. Very interesting stuff.

@caleb7799 2 жыл бұрын

We get it, you’re smart. Slow down and stop making everything a blur.

@darmst9940 Жыл бұрын

Where is the over-all plan kept/stored?

@alexanderefremov4701 Жыл бұрын

How to ask a question to Dr Michael Levin directly?

@anthonydavinci7985 Жыл бұрын

Have you spoken with Dr Rupert Sheldrake about MORPHIC GENESIS ?Morphic RESONANCE ?

@vanessankcellnobtchute9120 Жыл бұрын

37:46 That link is broken!😐😐

@kakistocracyusa Жыл бұрын

Reminds me of the shallow arrogance 25 years ago that mapping the genome would solve consciousness, or that of 15 years ago that stem cell research would solve cancer. It never stops.

@mikairu2944 Жыл бұрын

Can you blame humanity for wanting to play god when there's none (that we can confirm evidence of)?

@kakistocracyusa Жыл бұрын

@@mikairu2944 I don't blame the stupidity and shallowly-educated arrogance of many microbiologists on humanity.

@tlisu4727 Жыл бұрын

An organic ‘black box’, interesting.

@darmst9940 Жыл бұрын

Where is the project manager..a group of people with a box of lego bricks building a castle will have to a gree how it will look. The Pyramids were built with thousands of workers, but they were direcoctord usind a plan.

@momoaraki7934 2 жыл бұрын

Anyone want to DIY this stuff together?

@Theodorus5 Жыл бұрын

yes me

@maxwelldillon4805 3 жыл бұрын

I have to say it...that woman is really pretty

@brianchamberlin6724 Жыл бұрын

Max Headroom.

@SkyRiver1 Жыл бұрын

Fascinating, I can't wait for my bat wings.😁

@DJK-cq2uy Жыл бұрын

Germany?

@DJK-cq2uy Жыл бұрын

Accent from????

@mrunderhill3970 Жыл бұрын

So basically, it will be used for good until it ends us - haha

@cybercomputerized2074 Жыл бұрын

It would be unethical to not use this to fix birth defects and other genetic problems

@johnchase2148 Жыл бұрын

I used this method to save my dogs leg . I thought it was a miracle from love and belief. No doctor believed the leg could be saved. All I heard from everyone is that I was going to make the dog suffer and cut the leg off later.Just out of box communication with belief that the leg would listen.. Efforts did not exist untill it is shared..I waited 20+ years.I don't know why I believed when nobody believed with me. Hard to think different. God could not charge my mind. Questions are welcome..We are all electric.. Think aether.

@DOB4242 Жыл бұрын

So where are the links to the papers explaining all this that Levin mentioned?

@1eingram Жыл бұрын

Does the Foresight institute consider the population effects of a potential increase in longevity?

@SomeGuyWho759 Жыл бұрын

Rip the poor bastard they make sick on purpose to see if they can treat u.

@Tadesan Жыл бұрын

I love the beautiful woman.

@allurbase Жыл бұрын

WHAT IS THE COCKTAIL?!!

@lexcorp1546 Жыл бұрын

...

@369stellar Жыл бұрын

We know!!! All is creation of the morphogenetic field of the mind of creation.

@aryangod2003 Жыл бұрын

Can anyone explain to me how manipulating bioelectrtic networks/voltages we can control embryo development and morphogenesis how this is different or related to Hox genes? thank you.

@vanessankcellnobtchute9120 Жыл бұрын

According with Michael Levin's favourite definition of intelligence: “Intelligence is a fixed goal with variable means of achieving it. Hox genes seems to play a fundamental role in anatomy, but I doubt if there's someone on Earth able to do with genetics, what Levin is doing with bioeletricity (things like growing legs, building hearts and brains). Bioeletrical pattern I see as a consequence of gene expression, and I think this approach will be much more viable and affordable. If can get the same results in a easier way, why not embrace it? Scientists are focusing on bioprinting, but until now what we really have are just promisses. Even skin they can't do properly, imagine a complex organ like a heart or kidney? It will take 1 billion of years using this technique...💀💀

@aryangod2003 Жыл бұрын

Make me some ZOMBIE swarm cells with nanobots to take over the world brah.