Glad you enjoyed it!

It was a surprise to many when we saw our high school classmate [a naturalist] in Episode 2. Thank you again.

👶🏿👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

Great comment I grew up west of north Branch, and know the area you talked about well have friends and family at the sunrise cemetery it's nice to hear somebody tell the truth I couldn't agree more with you...

fascinating. We are lucky to be so close to cultures of wisdom.

My grandpa, Wallace was one of 13. From Walters MN the Haukoos family (Norwegian farm name). Great great grandfather came from Norway in approximately 1840. My dad was born there and became a botanist/biologist! He reminds me of the gentleman teaching about the prairie! My grandma's side, from Germany, still farm in southern Minnesota, the Soost's.

JV: Oh boo hoo, your ancestors werent "ignorant" any more than mine were. It was called civilization and nothing was done in North America that hasnt been done in every other corner of the world. The only difference is its the most recent in recorded history so the white man gets all the blame. The indians made war on each other for thousands of years prior to the white man arriving. They stole land and hunting grounds from each other and made slaves out of each other. Enough with the Disney version of what happened to the Indians.

I hope it taught you to think

@@cappystrano1 calm down mary

@@41357500 looks like you’re the one with the problem Mister Tubbs

still is essential and good. maybe we aren't watching the same video.

@@jeffreypierce1440 thankyou Mr. pierce 🍺

Dont you feel guilty and want to pay reparations?

@@mochiebellina8190 I discovered the Minneapolis neighborhood I grew up in had a racial covenant with legal language literally copied from the early 1700s "divide and conquer" elite game plan in the U.S. ever since Bacon's Rebellion of 1676. So I got this email response from the University of Minnesota my alma mater: "Hi Drew, Thanks for your email!! Great observations about the language of the covenants. Brilliant connection to the Virginia Act Concerning Servants and Slaves. In gratitude, Kirsten -- Kirsten Delegard, Ph.D. Project Director The Mapping Prejudice Project John R. Borchert Map Library University of Minnesota Libraries" Learning is fascinating. Thanks for asking.

Mine too.

merry christmas arlen that's a real piece of history...keep at it stay well

I was just going to tell you what I found at rock and that's you the two piles the rock that I found you could look from the east in line up with the ends of West Brock the all lined up with the sun and when you looked from the South to the north They lined up with a north star but the rock is the Big E written on the fourth of June 1784 on an old Indian stone sign debon

Signed D Boone

@@arlenheimdal3603 "I didn’t know that Daniel Boone was ever in Minnesota? I looked around a bit and talked to people that lived in the area for years and no one ever heard of the Daniel Boone Trail. Even some of the ads in the plat book mentioned that their business or farm were located on the Daniel Boone Trail. So what were they talking about? It was off to the computer to do a little research on Daniel Boone. The first thing I found was that the 10th child of Daniel Boone, Captan Nathan Boone explored and mapped the area. In 1835 he was as far north as Blue Earth before turning back south into Iowa. Captain Nathan Boone, Lieutenants Albert M. Lea and H. S. Tanner commanded three companies of approximately 170 men. He drew maps and kept a journal, which later provided historians with their approximate route. Now you know how the city of Albert Lea got it’s name. Then I found what could be the true story of the Daniel Boone trail on a website called steve riner. In an article about “Historic Motor Trails in Minnesota” What are National Trails? They were the first means of long-distance navigation as the nation's road network developed. At first, one had to navigate over long distances by following detailed guides that described various landmarks. By the 'teens, motoring associations began to spring up. They worked with roadside businesses and towns to established named trails. States, while they often built and maintained the roads, had little involvement or expense with the national trail markings. Trail markings were somewhat different from what we are accustomed to today; generally, each trail's unique marker was emblazoned on telephone poles along the road. Today's motorists have probably not heard of most of the historic national trails. A few have names that linger on in folklore: Lincoln Highway, Dixie Highway. Others are mostly forgotten except perhaps for some street names that retain the old national trail name. By the mid-1920s, most states had adopted numbered route systems, and in 1926, the U.S. numbered route system began to be posted. The national trails fell into disuse and were no longer maintained by their sponsoring organizations. Many original sections of the historic routes were bypassed as states improved their routes. Still, the concept lingers on to some extent, as many states mark some commemorative routes that supplement the numbered marking. Amboy was on the Daniel Boone motor trail that ran from the Twin Cities south to Algona Iowa along the route that is today Highway 169. The telephone poles were marked with a [Stylized B inside D] the symbol of the Daniel Boone Trail. The Rand McNally pocket map for 1920 clearly marked the trail passing through Amboy. Now you know the rest of the story."

@@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885 thanks for sharing - that is interesting.

You know I don't live that from the lost 40 and I've never been there. Maybe this spring I'll make it over there.

We owe them reparations too.

@@mochiebellina8190 how much do we owe the horses and cattle?

@@threatassessment606 by "we" is meant only "Legal persons" not "Natural persons" - people misuse the "royal we" pronoun all the time.

You better believe it they did most of the work. Work smarter, not harder is a saying for a reason.

TV: Incorrect. Go read Audobons book, massive pigeon flocks have been noted since the earliest of white man writings.

@@repetemyname842 Not that big...

That would be NO!!

Actually, the deeper lesson is- do we use critical thinking when we make public policy? Do we support the latest thing without debating the consequences? Policy is made for the grift of the oligarchs and politicians.

brakes? hahahahahahah

How else do they grow food to eat and live?

It's called survival

@@kevinjohnson5214 amen

@@Jonathan-yr3so how do you know kiddo?

Those "original owners" changed regularly. Especially if you are referring to native Americans. And they all changed as people moved in to other people and one way or another pushed out the former inhabitants

Those original owners you speak of were immigrants themselves from Eastern Europe and Asia. And their own oral history tells of crowding out others. That would be the earlier Europeans who crossed the ice bridge from France and Britain

actually if you watch part 1 Winona LaDuke points out that for the original people here they names themselves as "Belonging to the Land" not the "land belonging to them." So the concept of ownership was totally different indeed. I took the University of Minnesota class "environmental racism" from Winona LaDuke.

@@ERLong-ww7yn The original natives in South America have their DNA traced to Australian aborigines and they even look like Australian aborigines with African traits - so by "immigrants" you really mean that 7000 generations ago all humans came from a genetic bottleneck of just a few thousand humans that left African from the San Bushmen tribe (still around today). If you really want to study your heritage then focus on the first 90% of our human modern biology from the San Bushmen culture. thanks

@@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885 the origins of modern humans are traced from the Middle East, not Africa. Language, mathematics, construction styles, writing, all trace back to a single point of origin in Sumeria.

What would modern times be without everything slanting to the lefts agenda?

CW: Its sad that most of the documentaries made these days always have to lean Left. They never tell the TRUE story of people making war on each other for thousands of years, enslaving each other and stealing prime hunting or camping spots. Its always with the "Evil Ignorant White Man" business and it really gets tiring considering how much we know today.

You mean the Republican party that fought against slavery? Western civilization is beyond simple duality.

No I was merely referring to the reinvention of history to support modern narratives.

@@curtwuollet2912 Support is kind of an ironic word in this context. "In the 1780s John Jacob Astor, founder of the American Fur Company [AFC], started out trading trinkets to Indians for fur, making a 1000% profit. Astor was also Freemason Master of the Holland Lodge No. 8 in New York City. In less than ten years Astor was the second richest man in the U.S. By the 1820s Astor had vertical integration by shipping the goods from Europe that were traded to the Indians, thereby increasing his profit ratio to almost 5,000%. Astor then encouraged Indians to take trade goods on credit so that more profit was made from financing interest payments while also forcing the Indians to continue trading with the AFC to repay the debt. In the 1830s Astor introduced steam boats to increase speed and in 1837 the AFC steamboat St. Peters carried smallpox up the Missouri river, killing more than 17,000 Indians. By the 1840s Astors' wealth was $20 million." George and John Steiner, Business, Government and Society: A Managerial Perspective (McGraw-Hill, 2005), pp. 47-54. “The fur traders had always chafed under the restriction on selling alcohol to Indians since it was one of the most highly desired trade items, and they generally found ways around the rules....The traders discouraged Indians from hunting muskrats and eventually refused to take any more. This change in the fur trade had the duel effect of impoverishing the Indians and reducing their economic importance enough to eliminate AFC [American Fur Company of John Jacob Astor] objections to their removal. Their only interest in the Indians was in collecting accumulated debts, and they expected, and eventually received, payments from the Indians annuity money. Moreover, the interest of individual traders turned to land speculation, which required the Indians' removal and aligned the traders with the squatters.” The Eviction of the Squatters from Fort Snelling, 1998 Eric Ferguson. “In 1836 I visited the fur hunters south of the site of Fort Ridgley, and found them living chiefly on muskrats. They themselves pronounced them unfit to be eaten.” Samuel William Pond, Dakota Life in the Upper Midwest (Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2002), p. 56. An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States: Revisioning American History By: Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World is a 1988 non-fiction book by American Professor Jack Weatherford. All Our Relations: Native Struggles for Land and Life Book - Non-fiction. By Winona LaDuke. 1999. Native American activists provide testimonies to indigenous efforts to resist oppression and fight both cultural and environmental degradation in the face of U.S. colonialism. Jack Weatherford, Native Roots: How the Indians Enriched America (New York: Random House, Inc., 2010). “The treaties of 1851 had promised the Dakota lump sum payments in exchange for land, but eleven years later the Dakota had still not received the funds....Most of the money was given directly to creditors contrary to treaty terms and to federal law.” Carol Chomsky, “U.S.-Dakota War Trials”, Stanford Law Review, November 1990. “If any shall escape extinction, the wretched remnant must be driven beyond our borders,” stated Governor Alexander Ramsey in a special legislative session. “Newspapers across the state called for extermination of the entire Dakota nation.” Major General John Pope wrote to Colonel Sibley that no treaty should be made with the Dakota and “to exterminate them all, if they furnish the least occasion for it.” Major General Pope also wrote to Sibley: “It is my purpose to utterly exterminate the Sioux if I have the power to do so and even if it requires a campaign lasting the whole of next year.” Professor Mary Lethert Wingerd, North Country: The Making of Minnesota (University of Minnesota Press, 2010), p. 315. The Stillwater, MN Stillwater Messenger newspaper headline read “DEATH TO THE BARBARIANS is the sentiment of our people.” Stillwater Messenger, November 11, 1862, cited by Carol Chomsky, “U.S.-Dakota War Trials”, Stanford Law Review, November 1990

KT: Anyone that knows anything about old growth forests knows that game might have used the area to bed in or pass thru, but there wasnt a darn thing for them to eat there. The pines were so tall they blotted out the sun so the only thing in the pine areas was shade and more shade, dead limbs and tree tops, a tangled mess without a single thing to eat. The birds roosted in the tops but they didnt even go to the ground since there were no bugs to eat. No small game, no game birds, nothing ever really lived there.

caribou, woodland bison, elk, moose, wolves, bear, pine marten, skunk, ermine, otter, "Some 8,000 years ago, Indian hunters pursued wild animals for food in the Itasca State Park region. They ambushed and killed bison, deer, and moose at watering sites" Itasca State Park, Lake Itasca Picture: Minnesota's tallest white pine

I certainly agree with you on being alive in this time period would be so awesome! But I can’t help but think how hard life must have been!!

Modern dentistry has a few advantages over the good old days. Pre antibiotic days could turn a cut into an amputation or worse. Oh and when Ole Shep tangled with a rabid raccoon a quick bullet before one of the kids got bit would be a good thing. Bad water was common. That said, I spent many years in the inland west on the east slope of the Cascades, logging, firefighting, backpacking and horsing. Some of my best days were spent in the relatively untouched back country far from people. I quit logging, went back to school at 40 and spent a couple decades doing restoration work. One of my high points was receiving help from Aldo Leopold's daughter. Sadly, greed and violence prevail in human societies. Humans are clever bipeds, with opposable thumbs and a relatively large brain. This has led to amazing technological feats. Unfortunately the development of a social structure that leads to sustainable utilization of natural resources has proven to be beyond human capabilities. It is what trees have done for many millenia before humans, with their arrogant, self proclaimed title of "most intelligent species", we're even close to evolving from the early mammals. So embrace the day, enjoy the world we have been fortunate enough to have been born to.

Obviously, you're talking about the permanent destruction done by urban sprawl and the asphalt jungles called cities not farming

@@mcleodfarmer5208 Exactly. People who live in these massive cities always seem to shed tears over the existence of farmland. The people within big cities are entirely worthless to humanity. They could disappear suddenly and without being told, nobody would notice. They're entirely dependent on the labor and skills of country people.

the bison created the rich fertile soil - how long where the bison here? We know they were hunted since the Ice Age? So over 10,000 years? The farmers organized cooperatives to fight against the elite Cargill dynasty (the largest private corporation in the world) but the monoculture commodity crops took over. A good book on this is "Ecological Imperialism" by Professor Alfred Crosby. The Western modern civilization in Minnesota with the attempted genocide of the Dakota - what the Governor called for as Extermination with a Bounty - is no different than what the Germans did in Namibia with the attempted genocide there. Mother Nature is now taking revenge as the Arctic is about to go ice free for the first time in 3 million years with a huge methane bomb of gigatons soon to double global warming, making it too hot to grow food at scale in the interior of the continents. Oops.

You yourself are that species, and a benefactor of the land.

Why does it matter? Shockingly enough not everything in American history revolves around slavery the way modern day likes to make it seem.

Cocoa in the U.S. today is still grown by child slaves and it's bought by Cargill the world's largest private corporation, based on Minnesota. Cargill: Our taxes, global destruction Minnetonka-based Cargill is often noted as the world’s largest private corporation, with reported annual sales of over $50 billion and operations at any given time in an average of 70 countries. The “Lake Office” of Cargill is a 63-room replica of a French chateau; the chairman’s office is part of what was once the chateau’s master-bedroom suite. A family empire, the Cargills and the MacMillans control about 85 percent of the stock. Not only the largest grain trader in the world, with over 20 percent of the market, Cargill dominates another 12 sectors, including destructive speculative finance, according to “Invisible Giant: Cargill and its Transnational Strategies,” by Brewster Kneen Taking advantage of the capitalist speculative collapse of 1873, Cargill quickly bought up grain elevators. After vast cooperation with the state-sponsored railroad robber barons, central grain terminals averaged extremely high annual returns on investments of 30 to 40 percent between 1883 and 1889. Cargill hired a Chase Bank vice president to secretly help the corporation through the Depression, writes Dan Morgan in “Merchants of Grain.” “There are only a few processing firms,” and “these firms receive a disproportionate share of the economic benefits from the food system,” states William D. Heffernan, professor of rural sociology at the University of Missouri. Details of Cargill’s price manipulations at the expense of farmers worldwide was documented in the classic study, “Food First: Beyond the Myth of Scarcity” by Frances Moore Lappe and Joseph Collins. They report that Cargill has had a history of receiving elite government price information that should be told to U.S. farmers. That secrecy, along with tax-subsidized market control, enables Cargill to buy from U.S. farmers at extremely low prices and then sell abroad to nations pressured under the same destructive elite corporate control. See the Institute for Food and Development Policy’s Web Site Between 1985 and 1992, the legal entity called Cargill received $800.4 million in tax subsidies via the Export Enhancement Program, a continuation of the infamous “Food for Peace” policy, writes Kneen. Promoted by Hubert H. Humphrey and instituted as PL 480, food became a Cold War tool, i.e. “for Peace.” If we can induce people to “become dependent on us for food,” then “what is a more powerful weapon than food and fiber?” Humphrey declared, according to “Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies” by Noam Chomsky. Actually, most of the nation recipients of tax-subsidized Cargill food dumping were, and are, net exporters of food already - policies imposed by colonial trading patterns. The food (for Peace) has been bought cheaply by neocolonial regimes, and then sold at a huge discount on the local market - in Somalia, for example, at one-sixth of the local prices. Many examples of these misguided policies can be found in “Betraying the National Interest: How US Foreign AID Threatens Global Security by Undermining the Political and Economic Stability of the Third World,” by Frances Moore Lappe, et al. Cargill’s undercutting wipes out the local farmers’ self-reliance, while the revenues (going to the elite) are tied to required purchases of U.S. weapons, writes Chomsky, citing “The Soft War” by Tom Barry, 1988. But the main beneficiary of “Food for Peace” has been Cargill. Keen writes, “From 1954 to 1963, just for storing and transporting P.L. 480 commodities, the heavily subsidized giant Cargill made $1 billion.” Indian lawyer N.J. Nanjundaswamy reports that a Cargill motto is, “One who controls the seed, controls the farmer, and one who controls the food trade, controls the nation.” Yudof’s recently stated support of federal foreign policy Title XII is another public promotion of the University of Minnesota-Cargill partnership’s raiding of sustainable agricultural cultures. Cargill is such a damaging threat that in Dec. 1992, 500,000 peasants marched against corporate-controlled trade, and the irate farmers ransacked Cargill’s operations. Fifty people were arrested at the partially completed - and subsequently destroyed - seed-processing plant in Bellary, India. In 1996, 1,000 Indian farmers gathered at Cargill’s office and destroyed Cargill’s records. Cargill has been doing bio-piracy, stealing traditional products. For instance, it used Basmati, a rice from India, as its trade name, and the company continues to be one of the main promoters of corporate-driven intellectual property rights. The U.S. Trade Act, Special 301 Clause, allows the United States to take unilateral action against any country that does not open its market to U.S. corporations. The United States, for example, has threatened to use trade sanctions against Thailand for its attempt to protect biodiversity. A bill that has been before parliament in India and promoted by Cargill, “takes away all the farmers’ rights, which they have enjoyed for generations - they will no longer be able to produce new varieties of seed or trade seed amongst themselves,” writes Nanjundaswamy. The research center, Rural Advancement Foundation International, found that “fifteen African states, among them some of the poorest countries in the world, are under pressure to sign away the right of more than 20 million small-holder farmers to save and exchange crop seed. The decision to abandon Africa’s 12,000-year tradition of seed-saving will be finalized at a meeting in the Central African Republic. The 15 governments have been told to adopt draconian intellectual property legislation for plant varieties in order to conform to a provision in the World Trade Organization.” Cargill, with extensive funding from the U.S. Agency for International Development, is also destroying the world’s largest wetland - the Pantanal, in South America - in order to dredge a channel that’s designed for convoys of up to 16 soybean- and soymeal-carrying barges, according to the Institute on Food and Development Policy. Cargill has been on the Council of Economic Priorities’ list of worst environmental offenders. Mother Jones magazine and Earth Island Journal report that Cargill is responsible for 2,000 OSHA violations, a 40,000-gallon spill of phosphoric solution into Florida’s Alafia River, poor air pollution compliance and record-high releases of toxic waste. With help from the Program on Corporations, Law and Democracy, states have recently begun to respond to citizen pressure and revoke corporate charters. The assets of Cargill should be revoked, allowing the citizens of the United States to give farmers the benefits of fair trade instead of Cargill’s secretive policy of tax-subsidized global destruction.

What the hell did you try to say here? Proofreading and proper punctuation goes a long way.

@@ryanhighberg4662 it was one of those days 😆

Did you steal it ? I know you did.

Those indians stole it from other Indians Who stole it from other Indians Who stole it from other Indians

@@johnlennon2864 John Lennon also participated that year in a demonstration with the Native-American tribe the Onondaga Indians against the government's planned construction of a freeway through their land. In 1971, Lennon released an album containing several of these political songs.