Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)
Serenade No. 10 for 13 Winds in B-flat major, K 361/370a "Gran Partita" (1781-82)
00:00 - Largo. Allegro molto
09:14 - Menuetto - Trio I - Trio II
19:31 - Adagio
25:02 - Menuetto. Allegretto - Trio I - Trio II
30:24 - Romanze. Adagio - Allegretto - Adagio
37:45 - Thema mit Variationen
47:18 - Rondo. Allegro molto
List of Performers:
Oboe - Stephen Taylor (principal) & Melanie Field
Clarinet - William Blount (principal) & Daniel Olsen
Bassett Horn - Gary Koch (principal) & Mitchell Weiss
Horn - Stewart Rose (principal), Scott Temple, William Purvis, and Russell Rizner
Bassoon - Dennis Godburn (principal) & Marc Goldberg
String Bass - John Feeney
Performed by members of the Orchestra of St. Luke's under the direction of Sir Charles Mackerras. Recorded by Telarc in 1994.
"The Serenade in B-flat major for 13 wind-instruments, K. 361, is far from an arrangement. Mozart had begun it in Munich at the beginning of 1781, at the time of the performance of Idomeneo, and completed it in Vienna, at the time of his most strenuous efforts to escape from the bonds of Salzburg. In composing it he probably had in mind the excellent wind-players of Munich, as well as the intention of once more trying to insinuate himself into the favor of Carl Theodor by means of an extraordinary piece. We have no evidence that the 13 players ever actually came together in Vienna; there exists an arrangement of this work for the four customary pairs of winds (K. Anh. 182), which may very well have been Mozart's own idea. The contra-bassoon is not named in the autograph: Mozart calls for a double bass. But this in no way contradicts the 'open-air' character of the extraordinary work, which, in any case, rises above any question of purpose into ideal regions. Whether the title Gran Partita, which perhaps hints at performance in the open, was affixed by Mozart himself, is uncertain-the authenticity of the handwriting of this title in the autograph is doubtful.
"The fascination of the work emanates from its sheer sound. There is a continuous alternation between tutti and soli, in which the part of the soli is usually allotted to the two clarinets; a constant reveling in new combinations: a quartet of clarinets and basset horns, a sextet of oboes, basset horns, and bassoons over the supporting double bass; oboe, basset horn, and bassoon in unison, with accompaniment-a mixture of timbres and transparent clarity at the same time; an 'overlapping' of all the tone-colors, especially in the development section of the first movement. No instrument is treated in true concertante fashion, but each one can, and strives to, distinguish itself; and just as in a buffo finale by Mozart each person is true to his own character, so each instrument here is true to its own character-the oboe to its aptness for cantabile melodies, the bassoon likewise and also, in chattering triplets, to its comic properties. The two pairs of horns furnish the basic tone-color; but the fact that Mozart uses only the first pair in the first slow movement, a Notturno, is an indication of his supreme taste and skill: this is a scene from Romeo under starry skies, a scene in which longing, grief, and love are wrung like a distillation from the beating hearts of the lovers. The counterpart to this lyricism is found in a 'Romance' whose sentimentality is carried towards the point of absurdity by means of an oddly burlesque Allegretto, an 'alternativo.' A third slow movement, an Andantino with variations, has an episodic effect, each variation, however, offering new evidence of mastery. The same is true of the two Minuets, the second Trio of the one being in G minor, and the first Trio of the other in B-flat minor, and all the sections differing in character. A somewhat noisy Rondo forms the conclusion; one might call it a Rondo alla turca, for the theme of which Mozart seems to have recalled the Finale of his youthful four-hand clavier sonata. The Theme and Variations are taken from the Mannheim Flute Quartet K. Anh. 171-if this movement is authentic. But it probably is; very possibly, after the exertion and outpouring of invention of the first five movements, Mozart was willing to permit himself a little relaxation." - Alfred Einstein
Painting: Gesellschaft in den Gärten der Villa d'Este, Johann Wilhelm Baur