Nedocromil is a medication categorized as a mast cell stabilizer. It functions by inhibiting the release of inflammatory substances from mast cells, which are a type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions. This action helps to prevent the inflammation and symptoms associated with allergic conditions. Nedocromil is commonly used in the form of an inhaler for the treatment and management of asthma, where it can help prevent asthma symptoms and attacks. It may also be found in eye drop form for treating allergic conjunctivitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the outer layer of the eye due to allergies. By stabilizing mast cells and preventing the release of irritants, nedocromil helps to reduce symptoms such as itching, redness, and swelling associated with allergic reactions.Cromolyn sodium is an anti-inflammatory prescribed for prophylactic treatment of mild to moderate persistent asthma. It was discovered in 1965 by Roger Altounyan, who derived it from the plant khella (Ammi visnaga), a traditional remedy for asthma. Nedocromil, also known as nedocromil sodium, was discovered by the pharmaceutical company Fisons in the late 1960s. Its development stemmed from research into compounds that could potentially treat asthma and allergic conditions. Fisons first patented the compound in 1971, and it was subsequently developed for medical use.
However, it wasn't until the 1980s that nedocromil gained attention for its therapeutic potential. In 1986, Fisons received approval for nedocromil as a treatment for asthma in several countries, including the United Kingdom and Australia
Pharmaceutical companies, including Fisons plc, likely conducted extensive research into the underlying mechanisms of asthma and allergic reactions. This research would have involved studying various cellular and molecular pathways involved in the inflammatory response characteristic of asthma and allergies.Scientists would have identified mast cells as key players in the allergic response. Mast cells release inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, and cytokines upon activation, leading to bronchoconstriction, inflammation, and other symptoms associated with asthma and allergic conditions
Researchers would have screened numerous chemical compounds to identify those capable of inhibiting mast cell activation and the release of inflammatory mediators. This screening process likely involved in vitro studies using cell cultures and animal models to assess the compounds' efficacy and safety.
• Discovery of Nedocromil Sodium :
Among the screened compounds, nedocromil sodium emerged as a promising candidate due to its ability to stabilize mast cells and prevent the release of inflammatory substances. Its mechanism of action likely involved inhibiting calcium influx into mast cells, which is necessary for their activation and mediator release.
Preclinical and Clinical Testing :
Once nedocromil sodium showed efficacy and safety in preclinical studies, it would have progressed to clinical trials involving human subjects. These trials would have evaluated its effectiveness in managing asthma and allergic conditions, as well as its safety profile and optimal dosing regimens.
• Regu latory Approval and Market Introduction :
Upon successful completion of clinical trials and regulatory approval by health authorities, nedocromil sodium would have been introduced to the market as a prescription medication for the treatment of asthma and allergic conditions.