Hi. Thank you for your suggestion. This is also part of my presentation for my residents; if the words are too small, unfortunately they would not project very well on screen.

It is very difficult to distinguish on MRV. For challenging cases, I prefer having IV contrast in the venous sinuses in order to see if filling defect is present or not, either with CTV or MRI with T1 post-contrast using thin section 3D imaging (like IRSPGR).

I think it's rather difficult to diagnose venous thrombosis on T1, T2, or FLAIR alone. I would raise suspicion if I see loss of flow voids on any of these sequences, but more often they are just flow related artifact. I would also check SWI to see if the area of loss of flow void has corresponding susceptibility artifact. T2 is probably the most reliable one of these 3 sequences you mentioned, but I would still need either CT venogram or T1 with contrast (with 3D IRSPGR type sequence; not 2D T1) to make the definitive diagnosis. If the patient cannot get IV contrast, then MRV would be my next choice.

@@neuroradish Thanks sir