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The 11th century was a difficult period for Buddhism in South and South East Asia. The Buddhist stronghold in Afghanistan and North Western India was already lost to Islamic invaders. Buddhism was heading to complete decline in its birthplace, the Gangetic plains of India. The Andhra region in the South of India, the last stronghold of Theravada Buddhism in India was lost to Hindu Shaivite Chola Empire, while Sri Lanka was already under their rule. The South East Asian Buddhist nations were also under attack from the Chola and Khmer empires.
During these difficult times, two great kings stand out who played a major role in reversing the decline of Buddhism. The first was the King Vijayabahu of Sri Lanka. The second king was the King Anawrahta of Myanmar. Eventually, Myanmar became one of the centres of Theravada Buddhism and played a significant role in the development and spread of Buddhism in the world.
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