I agree. I didn’t make it up and tried to credit whoever did, but couldn’t find out. So helpful!

I agree but has it been dumbed down so much that it actually doesn't tell the truth anymore? This is my biggest worry with easy explanations for sophisticated phenomena.

@@KommentarSpaltenKrieger how come p-value is a sophisticated phenomena?

@@garmarianne3533 it certainly requires an understanding of statistics. I don't know about you, but the first time I encountered statistics was during university.

@@KommentarSpaltenKrieger It leads to understanding of satistics, it doesn't require it.

@@garmarianne3533 But I don't understand p if I don't understand statistics. I have to accept p and whatever is told me about p, but I don't know why p is the value which tells me that a finding is most likely not due to randomness. It's the difference between understanding a thing and acousmatics.

That's a nice way to break it down, thanks Eliot!

but how many are low, is it should below 0.5?

A low p-value means that, assuming the null hypothesis is true (or you mean false) ?

what is null hypothesis

Your explanation is more easier than this video ❤️❤️

That is good to hear. I think it works best if you already have some idea of what a p-value is, but it isn't clear.

Adryanne Parker Maybe... (Blame my editor)

+Adryanne Parker LOL xD

lol

YEAH MELLO ALL THE WAY!!!

Adryanne Parker I nearly screamed when my teacher showed this to our class, haha!

I hope you are ok, health wise.

get well soon :)

How are you doing now Jennifer?

Zaχ I’m doing well. Thank you for asking

Pray for your recovery. God is good! Math is amazing.. once you understand it. Wishing you all the best for your studying and health journey x

That is so good to hear. I love that my videos keep helping people.

This could not be more incorrect (and is now repeated in a number of terrible stats textbooks). In order to calculate the p-value you're deriving it from an assumption that the null hypothesis is true. But the p-value is uniformly distributed when the null hypothesis is true which means all of them, .05, .5, .0001, are equally likely to occur and are not, in and of themselves, evidence of the effect. Without stating beforehand some sort of cutoff you're just like the person who stumbles across something odd and calls it a surprising finding. I liked Feynman's little story that starts with him talking about this amazing license plate number he stumbled upon in the parking lot when walking into class. The video already has issues arguing that p-values are measures of evidence, an idea that even Fisher gave up on later in his career (thus likelihood ratios).

plus you should be selecting your alpha level a-priori which means before you do anything

Thank you for that. p-value is one of those things that make no sense until you understand them, but once you do, you wonder what the problem was. Glad I could help.

I can neither confirm nor deny the presence of Mello in these videos. ;)

I mean regardless the association is there. **shrugs**

@@0nullnil lol imagine in the new one shot from this year with 27 year old Near it showed 29 yr old Mello and Matt owning a chocolate company

@@yeetusdeletus1229 I’m imagining it and honestly I feel like that could happen..

Omg I'm not the only one who thought it looked like Mello

That IS good news

That is great to hear that I can help you reach your dream. I have videos to help people know how to study for statistics as well. You can find them all laid out nicely here: creativemaths.net/videos/

Glad it helped!

Paul Sandberg totally agree

Null hypothesis means that you are testing your variables at 0.05 (%95 level) significance level your variables if they are correct to estimate your model or sample then youe variables is not equal to zero,they are affecting your sample which null hypothesis was Ho:B1=B2=0 this implies if you have right variables to solve your model then you reject null hypothesis because b1 and b2 has an effect on your model.p value determines your null hypothesis is really true or wrong.So if mean average of your variables more than 0.05 in p value than you have to accept that your variables are wrong and has no effect or your null is true.

Were you able to find an explanation to this confusion?

Someone correct me if I'm wrong. The null hypothesis is the assumption that every variation to expected results is due to chance. In this video, the assumption was that , on average, choconutties contained 70g of nuts. The difference between her sample mean and the expected mean is put through some complicated equations to get a t value. You use that t value to find the p value from a pre-made chart. The p value in this example was 0.18. That means that there is only an 18% probability that the difference between her sample nut-mean and the 70g nut-mean is due to chance. That means that there is a 72% chance that these results are NOT due to chance and she really doesn't have enough nuts in her chocolate bars. However, it is convention in statistics that we have to reach a 95% confidence level before we can reject the null hypothesis (our assumption that whatever observed events that differ from the norm are due to chance.) For example, if a scientist observes a series of really hot days in the middle of winter, he can take take a large sample of the temperature of these few days in the year across 50-75 years in the past. He then finds the average (mean) of the temperature. This is the expected. He subtracts the actual temperature from the expected, then finds the t and then p value. If the p value is 0.1, then there is a 10% chance that these few hot days are just happenstance. However, if the p value is 0.01, then there is only a 1% probability that these hot days are hotter than average due to chance. There is likely something causing these days to be hotter. By rejecting the null hypothesis, we're saying that these results are NOT due to random variation in the universe.

Completely agree with you

That is great to hear - I like to save lives!

Glad it helped!

I think u misunderstood my comment fam. iim saying the video is made easy for dummies like you and me, which is a good thing.

haha all gud

I understand. I really tried to make a very difficult concept easy to understand, so I am happy you were able to get it. You are not dumb.

Hahaha

I agree. this video is much more helpful than my statistic book from my master course (... or maybe I'm just dumb lol). glad to stumble upon this!

You are most welcome. You might find my blog post about stats courses resonates: learnandteachstatistics.wordpress.com/2017/01/11/why-people-hate-statistics/

Lol thats why I clicked. Mello from deaht note

Happy it helped

Same

Tee hee

@@DrNic 👀

Glad you enjoyed it. Our editor is pretty funny.

Glad it helped!

Happy to hear it

You're very welcome!

Hi. I obtained the p-value by assuming that I sampled from a normal distribution. So P(Z

Glad it was helpful!

Thanks Bethany - that is great to hear. Mission accomplished!

you still need the answer after 4 years or you found it?

Graphing calculator

@@ufatemav4509 lol

U Fatema V hey it’s been a year, are you going to answer it?

Wow, thanks!

Glad it was helpful!

The p-value comes from a table of probabilities for the (in this case) t distribution. In most cases it is given as the output from a computer statistical program, but you can calculate them for yourself. This video: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/j5mdetKImt2WaJc.html will give you a good idea of where the p-value comes from.

Probably just a coincidence. Helen is a little like Mello from Deathnote, some people think. ;)

Good point - I think it is just that Helen is really bossy and likes to push him around. Also he isn't that good at it. But I will see if I can get her to do her own analysis next time.

Almost. You are best to stick to the usual interpretations. You could say that the probability of getting a sample mean of this size or greater if the population mean is 70g is 0.82. You said "the mean weight" of the sample, whereas we can only talk in probability terms about a theoretical sample mean.

@@DrNic thank you

Try Understanding where the p-value comes from - Statistics Help kzfaq.info/get/bejne/ZpOWeK55uMu2gmQ.html

Maybe...

Helen does have a bad attitude

To be honest, Helen kinda reminds me of me. Cause I smile like that as well.

I am gratified to hear that you are learning about this in an editting course. I wish more journalists, writers etc had a good understanding of statistics.

Pleased to hear it. Often you have most of the concepts, but you just need them arranged a bit better.

Glad you enjoyed it! That is exactly what we are aiming for.

Glad you like them!

That is great to hear. It is really sensible to watch it several times, and pause and think.

Very nice summary

It does take a while to get your head around the p-value. I have corrected the first sentence in your second paragraph: P-value being small (such as 0.05) indicates that there is 5% of getting a mean of 68.7 or less from the sample, which means there is 95% chance of getting a sample mean of 68.7 or more if the population mean is 70g of nuts. The probability expressed in the p-value is about how likely you are to get that result, not what is happening in the population. Ask if you need more explanation.

You are most welcome. I hope you find many of my videos useful.

maybe....

Indeed.

Thanks for watching! The older videos still get a heap of views. It is most gratifying.

Yup! There are many levels at which to explain things and it is tricky to be both clear and rigorous

Thank you Calina. Do tell your friends, as we do get a little bit of money from advertising to help us keep going.

Ah yes, but I come from a business background, and generally they aren't as picky and definitely want to prove things. There are lots of not-quite-right things in the videos, but sometimes that is necessary to make it easier to understand at a more basic level. It also depends on what you mean by prove.

Statistics Learning Centre I'm going to show this to my students tomorrow. I think it'll help them a lot! I'll have to tell you how it goes! (:

You are most welcome

Hopefully it is helping!

Dr Nic's Maths and Stats it is! Every time I have to give a test or understand it again, I come back to it.

That's great! If you find the accent tricky you can turn on the subtitles.

I love to hear that.