We can't really know since his comment sections got mysteriously "hacked" and disabled

My dear Acting Male

The man himself!

Acting male 😫

the act

The man himself!

Congrats on 100K subs

pay no attention to Quantum, man is clinically insane

Glad to see this whole situation massively boosted your channel. Massive self own for Quantum.

Ayo Mischief!

there's only one case i can think of where it actually went to court, a guy was abusing the system so hard youtube itself sued him and (probably very easily) won

This guy is literally the Putin of KZfaq. Only the most morally bankrupt people would defend him, and literally NOBODY is on his side otherwise.

@@burp2019 h3h3 a few years ago vs Matt Haas I believe. Same situation as this.

the problem started when youtube allowed copyright into the fold. This platform was made for people to share content regardless.

@@MrMando Um what? So are you saying people should be able to share others' content as is? Also it's the law.

the type of man I'd trust with my life.

@@dustinmcelroy3067 He would for sure get you off for a crime you definitely committed.

@@avatarumbra Let's go!

Andrew Huggbees?

Eh, he was a beta male from the start.

@LGBQTV probably botted

Oh how the tables turn.

Bet you Quantum is going to buy a lot of subs to try to catch up since nobody else will sub to him after this

Quantum says that his subs are legit because he earned them and that mischief only has higher subs due to the situation. He just keeps digging that hole deepet and deeper.

My guess is you could file it as pride; the worst of them all. It’s what led to satan’s fall, hence “pride cometh before the fall” and what a fall this is.

Religion is the last chanse of anny looser that knows they are a looser

Man’s trying to be the next amber heard in youtube

I can name a few more as a Christian

They are agents of the devil because he thinks he is god

"But I'm not gay! I have relationships with women, and sex with men." "Well I got news for you that means you're gay

him: *wishes death upon gay people* also him: "I aM nOt A hOmOPhobe" - ah yes, makes total sense

I almost choked lmao 🤣 no pun intended

I'm not a vegetarian, I just don't eat meat.

@@nyancatpoptart5441 So vegan?

i like sponges

Ayo you've never heard of act man?

Lol charlie was featured in act man’s 1mill sub celebration vid

@@tss1473 no but i've been watching all his videos for the past 5 days. 1.4 mill is a lot, but on youtube its still small compared to other channels that crowd the front page.

no way youve never heard the act man bro

What are these replies

Read my name

@@courtesy1o bots

HELL YEAH

@@naivinyl1748 even for bots some of those comments are messed up

Sargon of Akkad had a case a couple years ago versus Akila (?) where she struck his videos and formally sued him. Then went on bragging about how much money she was going to get for it and how much she doesn't care that his kids will starve as a result of the lawsuit. She lost big time and had to pay all of Sargon's fees and then some.

Please link, that sounds interesting

*clears throat* YOOOOOOO, CAN WE COPYSTRIKE PEWDIEPIE'S LATEST VIDEO? HE CALLED US TWITCH THOTS

@@jffry890 ooo o

@@jffry890 sargon is a piece of shit but that sounds like a good precedent was set

Quantum? More like cuntum

There are Atheistic satanists and theistic satanists

I had to look up what oxymoron is but you’re right I see now

Most card-carrying satanists do not worship Satan or any other form of the devil. We are actually atheists. The Satanic Temple of which I am a member, formed in recent years to fight a perceived intrusion of Christian values on politics. We do not promote a belief in a personal Satan. To embrace the name Satan is to embrace rational inquiry removed from supernaturalism and archaic tradition-based superstitions. :)

Like jumbo shrimp

Satanic is someone who worship Satan, a deity. An atheist is someone who believes that there are no deities. So yeah.

And honestly, I don't think there is a single game that is "for" everyone due to the wildly differing tastes and preferences of people

Such a mentality kills creativity and is pretty much what led to why the industry is so bad today. Companies and their developers try to go with what's safe and would appeal to everyone, rather than taking risks and creating a game that is revolutionary and ground breaking.

"There's these things called niches." Imma have to stop you right there, you've already exceeded his word intake capacity. Four words or less is all he can handle before he bursts a blood vessel and launches into another tirade.

That statement killed my brain. What kind of idiot can come up with that? Jeez.

Hot consoomer take

Oh, it's like, actually Click Everyone really is here for this

yo it’s click

GAYMERS UNITE POGGERS

Cliccy Wiccy is here too

Ayo its the furry man

He's not a christian, he's a cringian

Christian technically means “Christ-Like” or “like Christ”. Meaning, you’re supposed to behave as Christ would. I have a hard time imagining Jesus ranting and raving and telling people to kill themselves. This guy is as hypocritical as they come.

People like him are the reason REAL Christians have a bad rep

Hell Nancy Pelosi claims to be a Christian and is absolutely vile.

idk i feel like alot of christians act like this and then get called "Not Christians" by other christians that disagree with them...christ cursed a fig tree....for being out of season

Or he abuses her. :(

@@bittiebee Or she abuses him, or they abuse each other, who knows at this point.

I read that wrong I thought you said he was married TO a man

@@Robin_hsr12 Lmao, same, I was confused as fuck as to why he's homophobic if he's gay. But the real thing is just as bad, the toxicity around them must be wild.

I thought he had no bitches

Sometimes the gods are good

Probably because nobody cared about his content otherwise lol. If he got popular enough, people would call him out for his behavior eventually. He just happened to get a head start with this lawsuit.

@Joe what is it

@Joe and why is it cool, Joe?

@Joe That man will never see the North again

I think everyone can get behind drama with copyright abusers!

Dead channel 🥸

"Bow chicka wow wow." -Luvernius Tucker

Yo I used to watch all your black ops 2 beatboxing videos. Appreciate all the content man!

Ur thumbnails and videos are stuck in 2017

I know I'm late but; Bro really went from QuantumTV to FelonTV 💀

Baited & out played

Baited, outplayed and utterly confused.

Karma!

Oh hey Wendigo o/

Never stop marching o7

Asmongold 🤢

"Thats just too f*cking bad isn't it?"

Ratio + yb better + I don’t care u baby + this u 🤓🤓👶🏽👶🏽👨🏼‍💻👨🏼‍💻

Exactly. Like, I don't have any interest in playing Elden Ring for example. It's not my taste. My favourite game from the last gen was the Hitman trilogy, something that was mostly "meh" for a lot of people. I swear dude, that simple live and let live mentality seems to have been eradicated from society. This whole situation reeks of a man with a fragile, over inflated moral ego who is desperate for attention and will do anything to get it...

@@tigervalley62 "That simple live and let live mentality seems to have been eradicated from society" I fully agree and it saddens me. Can't even inhale these days without someone having a fucking meltdown.

@@tigervalley62 same, Elden ring isn't interesting to me but I really liked roblox. We just have different tastes and that's ok since there's more than just one genre of video games

Quantum must hate the ESRB rating system

It's not just Virtually impossible, it's literally impossible. Unfortunately, some people have made it their mission in life to hate ALL video games XD

"I'm not a copyright abuser, I just claim every video that criticizes me!"

“I’m not dead, I’m just not living!

People don't die. they are killed!

I'm not stupid, I'm just not smart

I’m not narcissistic I just only care about myself

Dont read my name😑,

Jesus. What a fucken circus.

Didn’t expect you to be here sonic

No Satanic Gay Atheist Dad Fembitches?

Nothing wrong with not supporting gay stuff

Bruh I remember when he was at 10k subs. Awesome to see how big he’s become.

Been there since his halo 5 days it really is good to see

@@malif1279 that 6 part Halo 5 review was gold. The Acting Male loves Halo, but was not giving Halo 5 a pass

I subbed some time before the first BF2 video, he’s gone so far

My thoughts exactly, been watching him since the very beginning

No, maidens?

Still no pickle...

Can you tell me what happend with act man's Mon

@@JyroPyro '...[He] made a [tragedies] and stay quiet.' ???????(Ów Ò

I just started listening to your music today after my friend recommended it to me, your stuff slaps

ON SIGHT!

I recall a video by Mutahar revealing that he assaulted his father for "slow internet" one day. I believe this individual has many screws loose.

Yeah, it's straight up slander and defamation.

It's on sight

He needs to get help.

It’s ironic because 2k is a terrible fucking game

As someone who doesn't like basketball, Quantum has problems.

Except this time 2k should really not be played by anyone. Its awful for sports fan and non sports fan alike. The whole brand and franchise by the way.

Bruuuh. Man has serious issues 💀

Bruh keeps talking about his hacked tweets but never about him calling her a halfbreed, his horizon zero dawn video where he complains about having more black people then white people and on his second channel he's got a community post complaining that the ps5 promotes diversity. Even if his tweets are hacked the dude is still an absolute wangrod

@Don't read profile photo bot

@@LightoZtriker everyone is a bot here, shit literally got worse since charlie made a video about it, and that fucking sucks

@@fordgt5383 ye

Act man is a racist

@@fordgt5383 here i was thinking people had something to say about my comment but its just bots, countless bots.

Worst part is… he’s so delusional, he thinks that he’s still in the right despite everyone telling him that the stuff he says and does is insane.

@@danielmartins7716 Just like those other people I ran into where once you tell them that they need help, they'll deny it and keep pushing on with their toxic, insecure behaviour.

That’s mostly every uneducated republican supporter. Had that happen to me the other day.

@@adellerulli your opinion is wrong, fight me 😂

@@vamountainman2512 (An exclamation mark appears above my head with that Metal Gear alert noise, then I proceed to put on a pear of brass knuckles). "Wanna go bro?! Huh?!" (I do ridiculous-looking shimmies, making myself already look like a fool by almost tripping over my own feet).

Oh no, it would cause a war NGL, would watch it with great interest

Nah, Yandere Dev isn’t this bad.

@@GodlyDra At least quantum ain’t upskirting teenage girls

​@@GodlyDra HOLY SHIT this aged poorly

@@tonymacaroni955 I stand by my comment. Yanderedev has the excuse of being batshit insane.

What does anyone “really know” about belief without evidence

Homie, read your book. Specifically Timothy if you think the Bible doesn't outright condemn homosexuality. It does. Now, I'm an atheist, so I don't care what the bible says about much of anything. Or I wouldn't if two generations of evangelical Christian hadn't purposefully made republicans the Christian nationalist party. You can't no true Scotsman this shit. If I have to live with the fact that Caitlin Jenner is trans, you have to deal with the fact that guys like this are Christian.

@@devent10n That’s not what I’m getting at, I’m more talking about his unchecked levels of pride and his holier-than-thou attitude when addressing his critics, yet still having the gall to get all preachy about Jesus at the end of a long-winded hateful rant despite going against just about everything Jesus taught in regards to humility and love toward your enemies, a classic example of screaming about the speck in another’s eye while ignoring the plank in his. The man clearly does not conduct himself in a manner in-keeping with just about any of Christ’s instruction. Also his eschatology is utter garbage.

@@conservativeslovekids5326 Quite a bit, actually. Using the Bible and well-reasoned scholarship, which includes cross-references with other historical documents and accounts, you can discern quite a lot about Christian doctrine and beliefs.

@@conservativeslovekids5326 ...

Charlie really is Jesus

I remember that. Now look where we are…

He does quite well with bringing out both tea kettles.

@ForgiveZharion quantum lover in the wild

Charlie can easily end someone’s career

I feel you man

yes thank you. Finally someone said it

Facts. I found him from all this drama but the rest of his videos are fire too

@ForgiveZharion Counter ratio

he's doing well for himself and is doing fine.

Quantum: "You showed me without the context and made it sound bad" Everyone else: "You claimed and took down the context, which actually made everything look even worse.

I hear you but I don't think that's phobic. Phobic is a fear, he's just an asshole

I had to go back and listen again, because it was so dumb that I wasn't sure I heard right the first time 😂

😭😭😂😂

Thats not what homophobic means at all

@@bitterthenu7278 so not supporting gay people, thinking they don't deserve equality, isn't homophobic? Then tell us, what is?

@ForgiveZharion adorable

That guy shouldn't be in any platforms. He's beyond saving

@@yololoyo7379 Facts

@ForgiveZharion don't care + didn't ask + big sad + ur mad + stay mad

@ForgiveZharion bro go back to twitter

NO, NOW YOU LISTEN TO ME! why should i waste my time at school? i am super famous on youtube. tell me, dear blue

@ForgiveZharion I don't think I've seen harder bait In my life. Bruh moment.

I know right. Imagine having an Elden Ring take so bad that you get arrested for it

@@AxxLAfriku A fucking bot that can read usernames? Interesting!

I thought he was just doing it to get a piece of the Elden Ring pie at first, but then he started mouthing off about how people should kill themselves and whatnot for not contributing to his echo chamber. Kinda sad that it takes so much to get KZfaq to enforce their own rules that Quantum is blatantly violating.

Wait how did he get his mom’s phone number

@@Deathmare235 apparently he looked up Act man’s legal name and called various numbers that popped up

That's invasion of privacy and harrassment, I'm not certain about the former but the latter is definitely not legal and is grounds for a civil court case

@@ratman7212 man's when full CIA after being laughed at by his opinions lmao

Maidenless behaviour.

He was on the official podcast one time

@@godusopp9557 link? I want to see that

@@nightmare5510 just search up official podcast act man

I knew maidenless memes would be a thing the moment I heard the line, it's just so fucking good.

He needs to touch grace.

@@takeyourheart3030 lmao he wouldn’t even get to the first one

Maidenless behavior

I hread that he's married and has kids apparently

Kinda like how Steven Anderson justifies his death/pollitical preaching against his interests (celebrities, LGBT community, people with different opinion, even a country, Japan) and when he got banned from visiting other countries or giving his hate preaching he said that his free speech is busted even though he and his devoted followers keep giving death threats

if we're judging by the moral standards jesus is presented as having in the bible, i don't think he would like harassment (that's the easiest assessment) also his whole thing is supposed to be forgiveness i think some Christian have lost the bible plot

@@delusion5867 John 3:17 "For God sent His Son into the world not to judge the world, but to save the world through Him"

I literally just commented something similar. It genuinely makes me so sad to see Jesus "represented" this way.

I’m assuming your talking about QTV. I think that many people use the Bible/Christianity as something to justify their actions, which is why many people looking badly towards Christians.

He's fucked

Oh yeah. We saw the MaximillianMus thing

If Charlie actually ordered his fans against another channel he could probably get it taken down, that’s how loyal his fanbase is.

@@michaelzhang9806 youtube doesn't work that way i'm afraid

@@crep4114 i mean if so much people raided a person's video that person would either delete the vid or turn off the comment or just straight up sue the dude who commanded the raid

He’s doing great. It’s crazy that he only had a few thousand when this all started. I subbed to him recently.

Dont read my name.😑..

@@dontreadprofilephoto1728 shut up brother

Typically those calling for the censorship of other people aren’t the “good guys” in history.

Yeah fr actman has a lot of funny videos

Don't forget that he's also ban evading!

Ratio + yb better + I don’t care u baby + this u 🤓🤓👶🏽👶🏽👨🏼‍💻👨🏼‍💻

Nah he is annoying, and all his fans are the “you wouldn’t survive 1 minute in a cod lobby” types lol

Dont read my name😑,

100%, a funny example was when I was talking to one of my cousins who went on a bit of an anti gay rant. For the record he is a firm atheist, has been for the last 11 years. So I got talked to him about it and disproved his claims one after the other and eventually I asked, "so why do you think being gay is so wrong? What harm does it bring?" And immediately he pointed to the Bible. Guess I accidentally made a Christian convert over the course of approximately 8 minutes. Funny how that works.

Agreed. I'm an atheist but I know that shit like this is NOT what Christianity preaches. Unlike scumbags like those people, I actually read the bible.

They just use Christ as a crutch. They act like shitheads until they get called out and hide behind a cross.

@@ghostofsilence2697 out of arguments it seems. Which is funny because it says nothing like that in the Bible.

"I'm not a murderer, I just enjoy Killing people"

It's like that one Tom and Jerry episode where Tom sticks in a shotgun through the door or where Jerry lives or whatever and the end of the barrel is just sticking out towards his face.

You almost have to ask if it's satire. Like no one could seriously be this completely brain dead right?

@Ll L So literally having a group that harasses the other and want to rid of is fine? Oh maybe it is because it's 2022! I completely get that! Maybe it's also okay to be racist because it's 2022! Lmao sure okay

@Ll L Okay, the harassment part, too much but forcing to love certain groups? Have I said anything regarding this? No, absolutely not. What I'm trying to say is that if you think being anti-gay is morally right then we seeing different sides mate because being anti literally means that you have an opposition to this group/subject to the very point where you are willing to rid of them. If you simply didn't like something, you wouldn't have to be anti unless you are in opposition or in hate(in which case is anti-gay and homophobia, they are in opposition of the idea of homosexuality). To put it simply, yes, you shouldn't be forced to like a certain group but it certainly also does not mean that if you don't like something, it normally doesn't mean you have anything against it. ALSO, evidence already points out that Quantum is literally homophobic. And please don't reply again, I can already see why you would.

Wait what when?

@RAP3TION quiet

Very christian of him

@@dantefromdevilmaycry9857 check Actman's twitter, Quantum got in touch with his parents sending threats

@@TuxMask8 Bro, Qantum is such a baby dude.

His channel named The Act Man for a reasons

The Satanic Temple: are we a joke to you?

@@bouclechocolat worshipping or belief of a deity of any sort, good or evil, is the exact opposite of the foundations of atheism. Therefor, the term "devil worshipping atheist" is an oxymoron.

@@farshot2713 wow rude smh

@@bouclechocolat Oxymoron means a figure of speech that is contradictory to itself, it doesn't mean "moron", so uhh no, it wasn't rude, atleast i hope it isn't

@@drake4220 i know what an oxymoron is lol, I'm just teasing OP for doubling down when i give an example of an atheistic sect of satanists

So. I haven't been keeping up too much. I know why Acti-Blizzard is a shit-stain, what's up with Ubi and EA?

@@nerdyfoxes8000 there's nothing really wrong with it. people like it and pay for it I've definitely enjoyed some of their games. People hate them for their greedy micro transactions and lack of unique Ideas they bring to the industry.

@@nerdyfoxes8000 Ubi and EA have gotten this reputation as a bunch of greedy bastards.

@@nerdyfoxes8000 Basically stale ideas and more of just coping their previous games, a good example is EA and their sports games have been the same game for the past 4 years only with a fresh coat of paint on top.

@@decarus834 4 years? Try 14

God tier content, truly

I think RennsReviews does it

The only good thing he has.

@@generalbutz8477 no

Dude is average, nothing special. Writing is average, comedy's cringing (at least for me) a youtubr with

And that quantum weirdo only had 60k lol

Sometimes games stick and some dont as well, does that mean you cant make games if you're not a million percent sure it's gonna succeed? I dont get his logic at all

"If you try to please everyone, you'll please no one." That is literally the description of BF2042 and CoD Vanguard.

"Has this man not heard of demographics?" I mean... probably not. This guy doesn't seem very bright.

I mean even when it comes to Elden Ring it's been the first Souls type game I've gotten into from the start and enjoyed a lot without really giving up on at all yet. I've finished it twice now. Elden Ring is probably the most accessible FromSoftware title. The thing that put me off past titles was the fact of you got really stuck on one boss there wasn't much else you could do. You had to just power through it. I'm Elden Ring you csn just go somewhere else for a while and sort of recharge a bit and then come back to it later.

No game in existence was made for everyone. Because people have different tastes lmao. This dude is just coping because he couldn't beat the tutorial boss.

Whatever it was, i hope it included the term "repressed" or "repression"

Y'know what? Make that joke. I wanna hear what you want to say about him.

Honestly, I agree with what the person said above me said. I really wanna hear it.

Please make the joke, I am so curious

i wanna hear it

I was thinking the same thing

@@brycenwilson3283 ik Charlie doesn’t like Christians and stuff but fr no Christian would imply other people to become Christian and tell them to kill them selves it’s messed up

@@masterofzebugframe9954 I don't think its a matter of someone's religious background that defines what they do. It's just someone with a shit personality that happened to be religious

@@masterofzebugframe9954 I don't particularly like religion either, but you would at least think that someone who claims to be religious would follow his own beliefs. At that point it stops being a religious thing and just him being an asshole.

Yes they do 100%

what if quantum was acctually hacked?

@@yoyo21926 ive followed his videos for a year. trust me this guy contstantly says crazy shit like that all the time in his videos amd post within a year saying all democrats should die

@@yoyo21926 If he was actually hacked, then y didn't he delete all those horrible things that were posted when he got control over his social media again? Quite a few of those things like wishing someone was a pulse victim had been up for a long time and only conveniently got deleted when all this shit started happening. Also if he was hacked, y was there no post about it until all this stuff started happening?

@@paulmoore5392 he said he wasnt aware of messages posted when hacked until they were revealed until now. idk, giving the guy the benefit of the doubt since actman seems to be twisting the truth about death threats.

@@yoyo21926 Alright let me get this straight, for like 4 years his accounts were hacked, and when a youtuber was streaming on all his social media seeing the fucked up things hes said, the hackers just decided to DURING the stream, just, well, deletes all the social media at once? Why would a hacker do that? especially if the hacker hasnt posted anything on that social media in over 4 years? If they were trying to discredit him, shouldnt whomever hacked him leave the social media up? Also, its not a hacker problem now, quantum is now trying to claim none of those social media accounts are his and they were all fakes trying to discredit him, as if he were actually anybody anyone cared about before this whole drama to somehow have people making fake social media accounts to discredit him with, and if they were, again, why would they delete themselves WHEN the accounts posts are being livestreamed? Isnt discrediting him what the people would want? And why would he keep changing the story on whats going on? He cant seem to be consistant.

It's only a matter of time until he fucks up so bad that Pewdiepie and Mr. Beast expose him.

Yea it really is funny how if he would’ve just taken the L and moved on with his life none of this would’ve likely happened. Now instead of just looking like an idiot with a bad review of a game, he looks like an absolute abhorrent monster. Hope he’s happy

Honestly Charlie is probably the worst person to cover it because the legions of children who watch him literally cannot control themselves. Every time Charlie negatively criticizes someone or something, he's always forced to make a follow-up chastizing his fans for being fucking idiots and brigading the people or videos that he comments on.

@@jffry890 Luckily QTV blocks all comments.

@@SaraphDarklaw Lets not pretend that that is where it will end, though.

Dont read my name😑,

And it's also not possible to make a game that literally everyone will like

@@TheSilverHermitMage i mean there is minecraft but

@@kaijuotuski5639 and there are people out there who don't like Minecraft.

The second that statement came out of his mouth, I had the biggest urge to roll my eyes.

Let him step into this dungeon.. We will all be waiting lol

@ForgiveZharion cringe, kid.

Exactly

@@RafidW9 It's just a comment spambot, nothing of value really.

@@YT_IGF What can you do against gang members?

I mean, the majority of KZfaq drama like this really does come down to someone not just taking the criticism. It’s a reoccurring theme. When people freak out and get defensive they embody the Streisand Effect.

Thank you explain this. I really didn't know what an appealing or a counter is until recently. So again thanks for the explanation

perjury? 🤔

@@Eisenwulf666 perjury essentially means lying in court. The idea is that you argue your video is fair use but if the court finds that it is not fair use (rules against you). You can be held accountable for "lying in court". It's weird, I know.

@@adsfadsfadsfas5648 isn’t it specifically when under oath?

the single time i got a copystrike on a video, i saw there was a smidgen of info on counter-noticing and did it since it was a strike from onision post-suing christopher hanson, so i felt pretty confident in that plus my channel being not even a speck of dust on this platform with barely any vids and extremely low sub count, thus not being worth any legal action against since the viewerbase would be severely limited for my vid

Maybe because it gets attention? People who are homophobic or racist always find a way to drag their bigoted views into everything

We're an easy punching bag

It’s because in society these days they’re considered “oppressed classes”-minorities, women, homosexuals. Often times simply not affirming their existence is grounds enough to warrant a freak out. I’m not supporting this quantum guy for the record. It is, however, a reasonable position to be anti-lgbt, blm, “womans rights”, etc.

@@kay-og4rv the opposite is true as well those who cry cism or phobias also get a lot of attention

@@HoloTWWOriginal yeah. Like I get those things do exist, but sometime the card is pulled too early

Honestly tho, Quantum is so caught up in his own world he thinks his actions are justified, all because he can’t take criticism.

I checked out his channel and skimmed through the most recent video. He called the act man’s mom and doesn’t remotely understand how fucked up and line crossing that is.

@@Daftanemone Dude's a high end narcissist, literally incapable of knowing his boundaries cause his ego got hit

He's going against someone who can retaliate properly so he definitely won't be getting off that easily like any other times before.

Dont read my name😑,

Dog he shouldn’t even trash on people who aren’t Christian’s cause the man himself doesn’t even act like one

@YJT maybe if people like Quantum didn’t falsely speak the word of God , then people wouldn’t be so Antichristian

Hopefully KZfaq pulls their shit together for this because my god

He also a complete racists case he has called certain people halfbreed and other things