You should try to make a video about wormholes like Veritasium.

Didn’t watch the video yet but my initial thought is that it re-directs the light. There’s 3 filters, not 2. The first filter is inside the phone.

Hey I subscribe for the free trial just to support you ! I'm following your journey since a couple month now, and your videos really changed my view on physics and my perspective on the world, I am a young engineer so I had to study physics at some point and along your postings I am now understanding concepts that I had forcibly ingested without a full comprehension of their origins/interactions. You said "Stay tuned for more I think..." I hope everything is good for you, and if you just lack video ideas, with your new skills and video format you could remake your "What's inside a magnet?" and really finally answer your BIG QUESTION on what creates a magnetic field and how a permanent magnet create the same effect as a magnetic coil ! I'll stay tuned !

The Big Bang Theory!! 🐘 🐾 🥁 Each thought represents a bang❗️Higher vibrational thoughts 🐝🐝🐝 will create bigger bangs‼️ Pebbles And Bam Bam!! 🧊 🦕 🧊 🦖 🧊 🦣 🧊 Each grain of sand or pebble, a building block for planets or dark matter!! 🪨 Dark energy aka consciousness, creates the bang!! Supernovae!! 💥 Super Moons!! Flowery moons!! 🌹 Saturn a flowery moon!! Representing the 6th dimension!! More energy!!🪐 🛸 We control it!! 🧞 We’re stars!!✨ Hi, Hey, Hello!!🦜 The more G’s, the better!! They’ll reflect our minds, technology, and more!! G strings!! 👙 👙👙👙 Our brains look like gum!! 🧠 Juicier the better!!!🍏🍋‍🟩🫐🍍🍎🍌🍈🥥🍐🍉🍒🥝🍊🍇🍑🍋🍓🥭 Love everything until it loves you back!! Mosquitos too!!🦟 ❤ Each of us and each galaxy would represent a cell!! 🦠 We’re stars putting ourselves back together again!! Like Humpty Dumpty!! 🥚 🐓 The sky is blue because we’re meant to imagine it as a diamond!! The auroras then create the rest of the spectrum!! 🌈 💎 A purple sky would reflect the heart of the ocean!! An opened mind!! 🤯 The earth purring more!! Purrrrrple rain!!☔️ 🐈‍⬛ 🧶 Each thought to me is a solar flare, which shifts us into parallel worlds!! It’s hard here!!! I’m a peaceful dude, yet my life here has been super difficult!!🥹 Alpha Centauri represents a shift in consciousness!! Dog planet!! We’re riding the alpha waves!! Woof woof!!🐶 🐾 This is our world peace and enlightenment for the world and universe!! All is one!!😇🥳🥰🤩 We’re each a mini universe!!🌌 The 3 Body Problem represents our gut brain, 🍱 heart,❤️ and mind!! 🧠 The moon is a black hole!! 🕳️ A neutrino!! The planet is a colonized moon!!😇🌍👽 The sun is a shapeshifter!! 🌞 Are you and I sculpting together as a team or as individuals??? 🧑‍🎨 Using the moon as a tool!!! 🪨 The Sun is the eye!!👁️ I love the tool/word grinder!!!😮 We’d be Bumping and Grinding!!😂 The Earth is like a refrigerator and the atmospheric pressure is melting or defrosting the stars above, as if they’ve been in the freezer!! 🥶 It would also reflect us krystalyzing and becoming diamonds in the sky!! 💎 💎💎 Lucy becomes Maisie!! 🐒 👽 We could be stars from above aka heaven, melting everything from above, as well! Like a River Running Through It!!! 🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊 Gravitational waves or our thoughts raining down on us!! 🌧️ Unlocking a Secret Garden within and outside of us!!🤫 An Oasis!!!🏝️ 🏝️🏝️🏝️🏝️ Flowing!!! It helps a lot to flow!!!🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊 Letting go, so we can concentrate more and work on our project!! Heaven On Earth!!🌍 👼 Flowers!! 🌺 🌸 💐 and Flow-Ers!!🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊 I know energy is still impurrtant!! 😻 And of course imagination!!! Love!!!💗 🐶 🎾 🧶 🐈‍⬛ To create heaven On Earth, the galaxies collide!! 🌌 Twin flames connect!! 🔥 🔥 We’re creating quantum entanglement!! Ghost particles merging, becoming more like the Stay Puft Marshmallow Man!!👻👻👻👻👻👻👻👻 The universe is still the Earth!!⭐️🌍⭐️ We’re seeing it from the insides!! 🕵️ Like we’re inside a volcano 🌋 or wishing well!! The stars and galaxies are like coins!!🪙 The Goonies vibes!! 💀 We’re treasure!! Antarctica is treasure island!! 🐧🇦🇶 Unlocking antimatter!! 🐜 Booby and booty traps exposed!! Planet X!! Hubba Hubba!!🥰 Everything and everyone has been our teacher!!👩‍🏫 3D is like the murky bottom of a bong or volcano!!🌋 The fourth dimension, representing Mars is like the stem of the bong or the volcanos vent!! 👽 Experiencing higher dimensions is like the smoke or magma reaching our mouths 😋 and then circulating through our bodies!! We are the Earth!!🌍 👼 The road less traveled!!!🧳 🌹 Straight up!! 🎈 🎈🎈🎈🎈We’d be super condensed or extremely packed neutron stars!! Like Rigel!! Blueberries!! Antioxidants!! Betelgeuse has evolved into a neutron star!! 🍊🫐 Our long winding road, exploring different dimensions, finally straightening out!! I’m getting Pee Wee vibes!! Large Marge sent me!!🚴😂 We’re vaporized, as if we’ve been smoked or roasted!! 💨 The smoke representing again those compressed neutron stars climbing the higher dimensions of the universe like a chimney!! I’m Mary Poppins, y’all !! ☂️ 🧞‍♀️ It would also represent us as a comet traveling through a wormhole!! 💫 Who me, I’m just a worm!!🐛 🫖 Solving a labyrinth!! 🦉 Solving amaze!!! 🦋 Different energies tell a different story!! 📚 We’re storytellers!! Artists!!🧑‍🎨 We’re energy first!! 🐝 A 12 inch boner is like receiving a foot of snow!!⛄️ 😂 When powered by neutrons and a magnetar energy field, one is like the energizer bunny!!🐰 They’ll keep going and going and going!! 🐇 🐇🐇🐇🐇 If you’re destined to have more than one twin flame, you’re like Frogger, playing leap frog!! Lucy is a sucker for Lillies!! 🐸 🍀 🐸 🍀 🐸🍀🐸🍀🐸 G Force!!!🥳👙🥳👙🥳👙🥳👙🥳 Purrthquakes instead of Earthquakes!! 😻🐾

Also, most 3D glasses do circular polarization (circular from the input side, linear at the output side), unless you got them from crappy IMAX 3D

I took a class from RPF, and I agree: Floathead is good.

The Big Bang Theory!! 🐘 🐾 🥁 Each thought represents a bang❗️Higher vibrational thoughts 🐝🐝🐝 will create bigger bangs‼️ Pebbles And Bam Bam!! 🧊 🦕 🧊 🦖 🧊 🦣 🧊 Each grain of sand or pebble, a building block for planets or dark matter!! 🪨 Dark energy aka consciousness, creates the bang!! Supernovae!! 💥 Super Moons!! Flowery moons!! 🌹 Saturn a flowery moon!! Representing the 6th dimension!! More energy!!🪐 🛸 We control it!! 🧞 We’re stars!!✨ Hi, Hey, Hello!!🦜 The more G’s, the better!! They’ll reflect our minds, technology, and more!! G strings!! 👙 👙👙👙 Our brains look like gum!! 🧠 Juicier the better!!!🍏🍋‍🟩🫐🍍🍎🍌🍈🥥🍐🍉🍒🥝🍊🍇🍑🍋🍓🥭 Love everything until it loves you back!! Mosquitos too!!🦟 ❤ Each of us and each galaxy would represent a cell!! 🦠 We’re stars putting ourselves back together again!! Like Humpty Dumpty!! 🥚 🐓 The sky is blue because we’re meant to imagine it as a diamond!! The auroras then create the rest of the spectrum!! 🌈 💎 A purple sky would reflect the heart of the ocean!! An opened mind!! 🤯 The earth purring more!! Purrrrrple rain!!☔️ 🐈‍⬛ 🧶 Each thought to me is a solar flare, which shifts us into parallel worlds!! It’s hard here!!! I’m a peaceful dude, yet my life here has been super difficult!!🥹 Alpha Centauri represents a shift in consciousness!! Dog planet!! We’re riding the alpha waves!! Woof woof!!🐶 🐾 This is our world peace and enlightenment for the world and universe!! All is one!!😇🥳🥰🤩 We’re each a mini universe!!🌌 The 3 Body Problem represents our gut brain, 🍱 heart,❤️ and mind!! 🧠 The moon is a black hole!! 🕳️ A neutrino!! The planet is a colonized moon!!😇🌍👽 The sun is a shapeshifter!! 🌞 Are you and I sculpting together as a team or as individuals??? 🧑‍🎨 Using the moon as a tool!!! 🪨 The Sun is the eye!!👁️ I love the tool/word grinder!!!😮 We’d be Bumping and Grinding!!😂 The Earth is like a refrigerator and the atmospheric pressure is melting or defrosting the stars above, as if they’ve been in the freezer!! 🥶 It would also reflect us krystalyzing and becoming diamonds in the sky!! 💎 💎💎 Lucy becomes Maisie!! 🐒 👽 We could be stars from above aka heaven, melting everything from above, as well! Like a River Running Through It!!! 🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊 Gravitational waves or our thoughts raining down on us!! 🌧️ Unlocking a Secret Garden within and outside of us!!🤫 An Oasis!!!🏝️ 🏝️🏝️🏝️🏝️ Flowing!!! It helps a lot to flow!!!🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊 Letting go, so we can concentrate more and work on our project!! Heaven On Earth!!🌍 👼 Flowers!! 🌺 🌸 💐 and Flow-Ers!!🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊 I know energy is still impurrtant!! 😻 And of course imagination!!! Love!!!💗 🐶 🎾 🧶 🐈‍⬛ To create heaven On Earth, the galaxies collide!! 🌌 Twin flames connect!! 🔥 🔥 We’re creating quantum entanglement!! Ghost particles merging, becoming more like the Stay Puft Marshmallow Man!!👻👻👻👻👻👻👻👻 The universe is still the Earth!!⭐️🌍⭐️ We’re seeing it from the insides!! 🕵️ Like we’re inside a volcano 🌋 or wishing well!! The stars and galaxies are like coins!!🪙 The Goonies vibes!! 💀 We’re treasure!! Antarctica is treasure island!! 🐧🇦🇶 Unlocking antimatter!! 🐜 Booby and booty traps exposed!! Planet X!! Hubba Hubba!!🥰 Everything and everyone has been our teacher!!👩‍🏫 3D is like the murky bottom of a bong or volcano!!🌋 The fourth dimension, representing Mars is like the stem of the bong or the volcanos vent!! 👽 Experiencing higher dimensions is like the smoke or magma reaching our mouths 😋 and then circulating through our bodies!! We are the Earth!!🌍 👼 The road less traveled!!!🧳 🌹 Straight up!! 🎈 🎈🎈🎈🎈We’d be super condensed or extremely packed neutron stars!! Like Rigel!! Blueberries!! Antioxidants!! Betelgeuse has evolved into a neutron star!! 🍊🫐 Our long winding road, exploring different dimensions, finally straightening out!! I’m getting Pee Wee vibes!! Large Marge sent me!!🚴😂 We’re vaporized, as if we’ve been smoked or roasted!! 💨 The smoke representing again those compressed neutron stars climbing the higher dimensions of the universe like a chimney!! I’m Mary Poppins, y’all !! ☂️ 🧞‍♀️ It would also represent us as a comet traveling through a wormhole!! 💫 Who me, I’m just a worm!!🐛 🫖 Solving a labyrinth!! 🦉 Solving amaze!!! 🦋 Different energies tell a different story!! 📚 We’re storytellers!! Artists!!🧑‍🎨 We’re energy first!! 🐝 A 12 inch boner is like receiving a foot of snow!!⛄️ 😂 When powered by neutrons and a magnetar energy field, one is like the energizer bunny!!🐰 They’ll keep going and going and going!! 🐇 🐇🐇🐇🐇 If you’re destined to have more than one twin flame, you’re like Frogger, playing leap frog!! Lucy is a sucker for Lillies!! 🐸 🍀 🐸 🍀 🐸🍀🐸🍀🐸 G Force!!!🥳👙🥳👙🥳👙🥳👙🥳 Purrthquakes instead of Earthquakes!! 😻🐾

You are too kind :)

OMG HI PRANAV PLEASE COLLAB GUYS

Sir i am in 10 th class ICSE.I don't know why they have introduced terms like frequency and wavelength in light chapter and I don't even know the electromagnetic wave and how it works.Can a 10th class student understand this or is it the fault of the curriculum?

The Big Bang Theory!! 🐘 🐾 🥁 Each thought represents a bang❗️Higher vibrational thoughts 🐝🐝🐝 will create bigger bangs‼️ Pebbles And Bam Bam!! 🧊 🦕 🧊 🦖 🧊 🦣 🧊 Each grain of sand or pebble, a building block for planets or dark matter!! 🪨 Dark energy aka consciousness, creates the bang!! Supernovae!! 💥 Super Moons!! Flowery moons!! 🌹 Saturn a flowery moon!! Representing the 6th dimension!! More energy!!🪐 🛸 We control it!! 🧞 We’re stars!!✨ Hi, Hey, Hello!!🦜 The more G’s, the better!! They’ll reflect our minds, technology, and more!! G strings!! 👙 👙👙👙 Our brains look like gum!! 🧠 Juicier the better!!!🍏🍋‍🟩🫐🍍🍎🍌🍈🥥🍐🍉🍒🥝🍊🍇🍑🍋🍓🥭 Love everything until it loves you back!! Mosquitos too!!🦟 ❤ Each of us and each galaxy would represent a cell!! 🦠 We’re stars putting ourselves back together again!! Like Humpty Dumpty!! 🥚 🐓 The sky is blue because we’re meant to imagine it as a diamond!! The auroras then create the rest of the spectrum!! 🌈 💎 A purple sky would reflect the heart of the ocean!! An opened mind!! 🤯 The earth purring more!! Purrrrrple rain!!☔️ 🐈‍⬛ 🧶 Each thought to me is a solar flare, which shifts us into parallel worlds!! It’s hard here!!! I’m a peaceful dude, yet my life here has been super difficult!!🥹 Alpha Centauri represents a shift in consciousness!! Dog planet!! We’re riding the alpha waves!! Woof woof!!🐶 🐾 This is our world peace and enlightenment for the world and universe!! All is one!!😇🥳🥰🤩 We’re each a mini universe!!🌌 The 3 Body Problem represents our gut brain, 🍱 heart,❤️ and mind!! 🧠 The moon is a black hole!! 🕳️ A neutrino!! The planet is a colonized moon!!😇🌍👽 The sun is a shapeshifter!! 🌞 Are you and I sculpting together as a team or as individuals??? 🧑‍🎨 Using the moon as a tool!!! 🪨 The Sun is the eye!!👁️ I love the tool/word grinder!!!😮 We’d be Bumping and Grinding!!😂 The Earth is like a refrigerator and the atmospheric pressure is melting or defrosting the stars above, as if they’ve been in the freezer!! 🥶 It would also reflect us krystalyzing and becoming diamonds in the sky!! 💎 💎💎 Lucy becomes Maisie!! 🐒 👽 We could be stars from above aka heaven, melting everything from above, as well! Like a River Running Through It!!! 🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊 Gravitational waves or our thoughts raining down on us!! 🌧️ Unlocking a Secret Garden within and outside of us!!🤫 An Oasis!!!🏝️ 🏝️🏝️🏝️🏝️ Flowing!!! It helps a lot to flow!!!🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊 Letting go, so we can concentrate more and work on our project!! Heaven On Earth!!🌍 👼 Flowers!! 🌺 🌸 💐 and Flow-Ers!!🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊 I know energy is still impurrtant!! 😻 And of course imagination!!! Love!!!💗 🐶 🎾 🧶 🐈‍⬛ To create heaven On Earth, the galaxies collide!! 🌌 Twin flames connect!! 🔥 🔥 We’re creating quantum entanglement!! Ghost particles merging, becoming more like the Stay Puft Marshmallow Man!!👻👻👻👻👻👻👻👻 The universe is still the Earth!!⭐️🌍⭐️ We’re seeing it from the insides!! 🕵️ Like we’re inside a volcano 🌋 or wishing well!! The stars and galaxies are like coins!!🪙 The Goonies vibes!! 💀 We’re treasure!! Antarctica is treasure island!! 🐧🇦🇶 Unlocking antimatter!! 🐜 Booby and booty traps exposed!! Planet X!! Hubba Hubba!!🥰 Everything and everyone has been our teacher!!👩‍🏫 3D is like the murky bottom of a bong or volcano!!🌋 The fourth dimension, representing Mars is like the stem of the bong or the volcanos vent!! 👽 Experiencing higher dimensions is like the smoke or magma reaching our mouths 😋 and then circulating through our bodies!! We are the Earth!!🌍 👼 The road less traveled!!!🧳 🌹 Straight up!! 🎈 🎈🎈🎈🎈We’d be super condensed or extremely packed neutron stars!! Like Rigel!! Blueberries!! Antioxidants!! Betelgeuse has evolved into a neutron star!! 🍊🫐 Our long winding road, exploring different dimensions, finally straightening out!! I’m getting Pee Wee vibes!! Large Marge sent me!!🚴😂 We’re vaporized, as if we’ve been smoked or roasted!! 💨 The smoke representing again those compressed neutron stars climbing the higher dimensions of the universe like a chimney!! I’m Mary Poppins, y’all !! ☂️ 🧞‍♀️ It would also represent us as a comet traveling through a wormhole!! 💫 Who me, I’m just a worm!!🐛 🫖 Solving a labyrinth!! 🦉 Solving amaze!!! 🦋 Different energies tell a different story!! 📚 We’re storytellers!! Artists!!🧑‍🎨 We’re energy first!! 🐝 A 12 inch boner is like receiving a foot of snow!!⛄️ 😂 When powered by neutrons and a magnetar energy field, one is like the energizer bunny!!🐰 They’ll keep going and going and going!! 🐇 🐇🐇🐇🐇 If you’re destined to have more than one twin flame, you’re like Frogger, playing leap frog!! Lucy is a sucker for Lillies!! 🐸 🍀 🐸 🍀 🐸🍀🐸🍀🐸 G Force!!!🥳👙🥳👙🥳👙🥳👙🥳 Purrthquakes instead of Earthquakes!! 😻🐾

​@@curiousphysics23yes brother, you can understand it and preferably you should. It's going to be difficult at first but you'll enjoy learning it.

What a cool connection to this idea!

That sounds right, but no one really knows what would happen, if you had infinitely many perfect polarization filters, because you can’t have an infinite amount of them. If you could, and you did that, it might turn the light into beer, or it might cause an explosion that blows up the moon. No one really knows what would happen.

@@chriswebster24 More realistically though, something like this already exists: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-crystal_display - "In a twisted nematic (TN) device, the surface alignment directions at the two electrodes are perpendicular to each other, and so the molecules arrange themselves in a helical structure, or twist.". So a powered-off TN LCD basically behaves like _many_ polarization filters in sequence, each twisted a bit versus the previous one, until a 90 degrees turn is achieved. By applying a voltage, one basically turns that twist off. That's not infinite but "just" thousands to millions of layers, but already gets very close to losing no energy (presuming the incoming light is already polarized correctly).

I mean, bell's theorem requieres you to know the math of a wave function and it's collapse. It is not something you can really really GET from watching videos if you lack the math foundation. But yeah, this video is pretty cool Just saying this so that you dont feel discouraged if you fail to grasp some QM or QFT concepts. The math is more important there than in any other parts of physics. Math tells us what things ARE (And as such the existence of intrinsic variables like spin) and we just do our best in trying to explain it

Are you so sure. He didn't even use a photometer to quantify it.

Thank you. This video is not quantum, though!

I didn't get the d3x/dy3 one.

Thus far I have loved every t shirt he's been wearing in every video I've seen. Always a dad joke that only a physics initiate would get 😅

I don’t think you need anything quantum here. Works with classical systems. It would work with the rope waves. (Attenuation always happens, we just ignore them by considering idealistic situations, I.e. no energy loss, perfect filters, elastic collisions, etc.)

​@@Mahesh_Shenoyyou made a logical error I think. If a wave only has horizontal component how would a diagonal filter let the vertical component pass through when that vertical component is non-existent? That middle layer is doing something more than filtering. It must be converting some horizontal component to vertical. Twisting maybe? Think about it.

​@@namthainam maybe you need to think about it. I recommend drawing 2 perpendicular lines and 2 diagonals, and start with a horizontal line, after that take its parallel component to the diagonal line, again you can notice you still can take the diagonal component's parallel component on the vertical line, and the thing is you can infinitely do this as this forms some kind of converging series x, x/√2 , x/ (√2)²....

​@@Mahesh_ShenoyTake the experiment to the N-th degree: 25 successive filters, each rotated 45 degrees from the last. Send in a single photon at a time. Most of the time nothing comes out the other end, but when it does that photon still has the same energy as when it went in. The result cannot be explained without quantum mechanics.

Right! The real paradox has been left on the table. If Mahesh needs to explain something, maybe he could try his experiment with one photon at a time, and explain how a single photon ever gets thru the fence?

😎

Intensity is proportional to square of the height! I think that’s what you are talking about! It’s analogous to how the probability is proportional to square of the psi!

@@Mahesh_Shenoy I believe there is a quantum mechanics element to this and that is what @mykiBoy is referring to. There is a video by minutephysics (made with 3blue1brown) titled "Bell's Theorem: The Quantum Venn Diagram Paradox"

I also understand it so, that with quantum rules, the quantities for a given angle of filter mismatch are different from the "classical" explanation.

Oh, you mean this MinutePhysics video on Bell's Inequality: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/sMmhjauK1J2zfqc.html

@@markotrieste I got it. But there is no mismatch. You get the same result for intensity. When you think of intensity as the amplitude square of an EM wave, it looks fine. But when you look at the same result as no. of photons, that’s when things get more interesting. But in either case, the intensity value stays the same. Classical result holds.

Light converges to a focal point yes. But, the light hitting the actual mirror surface is not originally at that focal point. It is simply hitting the mirror at all angles. Because it enters at all angles it also bounces off at various angles as well. The image as you call it is the original light source bounced off something at random angles and hits the mirror. A good portion of those gets reflected back toward a focal point. The image is not in the mirror it's in front of it. Multiple rays hit the mirror at random angles this is the first part. They don't start at a focal point, they end at a focal point. I hope that helps.

Yes, I didn't get that either. It lookedike the third polariser was placed /after/ the other two.

​​​@@quantisedspace7047 There's a third one stuck to the camera. That's honestly the source of most of the "mystery", as it's much more immediately obvious what's happening if the demo adds a third polarizer between two (explicitly shown) polarizers.

if 1 filter on camera its must be 4 filter, the order first tell not same on end explanation, first filter on end but explanation filter on middle, this doesn't explain paradox cuz no paradox here ,this just explain the basic what's is light

1. These are "Polaroid" type polarizers, which is iodine mixed with plastic. The plastic is then stretched, which causes the polymers to stretch out into long thin parallel lines... with electrically conductive iodine also stretched out into long thin lines... like microscopic wires. If the electric potential component of light hits the iodine "wire", the potential energy gets absorbed by creating a small electric current in the iodine. (It gets "filtered") If the electric potential of the light just so happens to completely miss the iodine wires... it is not absorbed (filtered). This was illustrated in the video.

2. The filter has an electric component... which is alligned all in a particular _x_ or _y_ direction. (If you like using Cartesian coordinates). Regular incandescent "black body" light is a random distribution of wavelengths and polaraization angles. It's like "white noise" but in the electromagnetic field. The polarizer is absorbing the light when the electric part of the EM field can shove some electrons around... but because the polarizer can only let electrons get shoved back and forth in a single line, the remaining EM field that passes through won't have any potential energy for shoving any more electrons around in that same direction later... This is of corse assuming that the light is in air or a vacuum. (Many birefringent materials will rotate the polarity.) Certain light sources, like a cyclotron, will emit light at a single wavelength and oriented in a single polarization angle. Diode lasers can output a single wavelength of light, but it's not polarized.

3. Yes. It's so-called "quantum weirdness" because you don't expect that to happen with the simple classical model of transverse waves "passing through" a potential energy barrier. When you crunch the numbers, quantum mechanics predicts about 15% more light than classical mechanics predicts to be seen after the third filter... which is indeed exactly what you measure when you do this experiment in real life. Rather than explain the whole thing here, lookup "Bell's Inequality". There are some good videos right here on KZfaq about it. (Also, Wikipedia has some good stuff too.)

Any vector can be represented by two orthogonal sub-vectors so the polariser will always have a sub vector it can play with.

I'm not, I think his pisses around too much blah blah he just doesn't stop, and I start pulling my hair out and chewing my nails till they bleed aaarrhhh

It depends on the impedance of the conductor... but yes. There's also a non-radiating 'near field'... also... the transparent polymers in the plastic are probably slightly birefringent... there's a lot of electromagnetic interactions happening in the filter materials and a lot of vector calculus involved in the full analysis of this system. This video presented the tremendously simplified explanation... which is... like most popular explanation of physics stuff, not entirely wrong, but not entirely correct. Also, these were circular polarizers used in this video, not linear polaraizers.

Yes. Image don't form "on" or "at" the concave mirror, it is formed somewhere in front of it if it is a real image, and appears to form behind the mirror if it is a virtual image.

You need to do _three_ consecutive Stern-Gerlach experiments in a row. (Which has actually been done.)

Let me try to clarify my question: whether "polarizing" is the decoherence of electric field oscillation (I don't know if this is the right expression, hope you got my point), meaning "originally the electrical field oscillation is the superposition of oscillation in all orientation, passing one polarizer film making the corresponding electric field oscillation reveals" If this expression is correct, then passing 2nd polarizer film with orthogonal orientation will reveal the vertical oscillation

You kinda first need an intuition about Special Relativity in one dimension of space, and one of time... and then an intuitive understanding of 3D objects in 3D space, with 1D of time... but... you see that the way I phased this in English, makes it sound like the "time" coordinate is _something else_ separate from the "space" coordinates... _it is _*_not_* ! Time *IS* space. Litterally... you need to intuitively understand that what you see _right now_ and everything that effects you _right now_ is that 45° line that everyone draws on 1D+1D Minkowski spacetime diagrams, with you at the origin. (In 3D the concentric spheres of constant radius, with your eyes at the center, are the 3D slices of a 4D light cone in the full Minkowski spacetime.) You've probably heard that part before, but it gets badly explained in popular explanation videos about Special Relativity which don't use mathematics (or have you actually do the calculations yourself like in a real physics class.) Because... the explanations always used in pop-sci _only_ describe a 0D point in a 1D space manifold (a line). A 1D object doesn't look like how you would expect if you _only_ hear these pop-sci explanations. (Let alone a 2D or 3D rigid object.) Length contraction _doesn't_ make things "look shorter" when you actually _look at them_ with your eyes, or realistically a camera (cause they're fast.) 3D Objects will appear to be stretched out longer in the radial direction away from your eyes/camera... because the length contraction is time dilation... it gets "longer in time"... and _time is space_ ... the distance in _space_ radially away from your eyes/camera... the radius of your "light cone". Got that? The two ends of a meter stick are located "1.00 meter" apart in space AND "3.34 nanoseconds" apart in time. Every location in space is also a location in time. Nothing is actually "at the same time" unless it is "at the same place". You need to intuitively understand that when you hold a meter stick out in front of you, what appears to be a straight horizontal line is actually a 45° line on a Minkowski diagram. The ends of that stick _are not at the same time_ blah blah... anyways, lookup Terrel Rotation to get a better intuition about this. Once you get the hang of Special Relativity... General Relativity is curving those 45° lines. Oh yeah, you should also have an intuitive understanding that "velocity" is rotation in Minkowski spacetime... and this is how Minkowski kinda stumbled on this model from his work on complex algebras. Velocity is a function with four linearly independent variables, you know, and two of the space-like coordinates just hang out an don't get involved, and the third space-like coordinate and the time coordinate form the basis vectors of a complex plane. I don't know how intuitively you are familiar with complex (and imaginary) numbers... but you should be. _Complex Numbers are rotations_ . If you draw a right triangle with "real numbers", one side _+1_ units, and the other side _+1_ units in length. The hypotonouse will be the square root of two in length. If you draw a right triangle with one side _+1_ units in length, and the other side _+i_ units in length. The hypotonouse will be *_zero_* units in length. Because it doesn't go anywhere, it's a rotation angle. _+i_ is a 90° rotation just like how _-1_ flips you over in a line as a 180° rotation. Anyway, this cool math trick lets you handle treating time as space, and accounting for every point in space also being a (different unique) point in time. Ok, got that part? Sooner or later, you must intuitively understand inertia if you don't already. That includes how to derive E=mc² from the confinement of light. Furthermore... you need to intuitively understand that there are in fact no vertical lines on a 1D+1D Minkowski diagram... those "vertical lines" of constant location in space going straight up "in time" are actually microscopic 45° zig-zags... because every atom is a microscopic light clock (half an interferometer). Actually, you should also understand that a Michelson interferometer is two light clocks at 90° ( _i_ ) so one leg is measuring time while the other leg is measuring space. Atoms can't go "faster than light" because they _already are_ going the speed of light. Relative velocities are just tipping these 45° zig-zags over so that the "time leg" or the "space leg" get longer and shorter, making the "vertical" line in time go diagonal on the diagram. Ok, I'm still taking about Special Relativity... and this is getting long... ok, you should also know classical electromagnetism (Maxwell's equations, etc.) and the Lorentz force, and the relationship between electricity and magnetism... because this is _actually_ what Einstein was working on! Ok... then... you should have an intuitive understanding of Rindler Coordinates and Born Rigid Body Motion... and the Sagnac Effect ... and the Kennedy-Thorndike and Ives-Stilwell experiments... and relativistic Doppler effect... ok.. um, I think there was something else I just forgot to mention... oh yeah, the abaration of light. These are related, and if you already have an intuitive understanding of the mechanics stuff above, this stuff should be quick and easy to grasp. (It follows logically.) Ok... now you're ready for General Relativity... ok, you know how the tides (like in the ocean) work? This comment is getting too long, ask me if you want me to continue.

Yes his diagrams don't reflect his experiment. He didn't put the lens in between with his experiment

it's entirely classical, but ofc admits a quantum explanation. But quantum is not necessary. One reason it looks quantum (and Meshes points this out in an reply), is that the EM wave deals with an amplitude (a la psi) that then gets squared to be an intensity (a la probability).

This MinutePhysics video on Bell's Inequality goes into more detail: kzfaq.info/get/bejne/sMmhjauK1J2zfqc.html

It makes more sense when you set your frame such that the in-between/ current filter is the horizontally slotted window. As a result, the polarized wave from the initial filter is actually oriented at some angle, THETA, relative to our current filter. Taking this view, we now know there is some horizontal component which can go through our frame's filter and some vertical component which cannot. After passing through our frames filter, it is oriented along the horizontal axis of our frame, which is at some angle 90-THETA relative to the initial frame. Because the final frame is 90 degrees offset from the initial frame, we can say the outcoming orientation is 90-THETA-90 = THETA degrees relative to the final frame. Because the output involves this new angle, THETA, some of the amplitude or components of the wave will be in the direction of the final filter, allowing some light to get through. If you were to remove the center filter, the perfectly vertical light would never be split into components offset at some angle from the vertical, and as a result would have a 0 component in every other direction (including horizontal), meaning it would not pass the orthogonal final filter.

@@xinfinity4756 I get what you're saying - essentially that if you look at it from the perspective of the middle filter, you have an angular component in common with both the filters above and below you. But to me that still doesn't quite resolve the apparent paradox of how we've created a component that seemingly didn't exist in the original light source. It feels to me as if what's really happening is that some of the photons are being twisted (to align with the filter), and some are being blocked. And that for any given photon, the probability of it being twisted (and therefore allowed through the filter) is given by cos(θ). This would explain how we've managed to "rotate" some of the waves' energy, and also why we lose some of the light. (Although perhaps that's a bad explanation, because it's relying on a quantized description of light, whereas I think this effect is general - it's just a behaviour of vectors in general.) Whether a wave or a vector force or whatever, I struggle to see how it can be satisfyingly explained without there being some kind of rotational effect at play.

@@AdamAlton its not as if the component is a required property of the light, but is instead just an arbitrary spatial alignment of the peaks. By acting on the molecules of a filter, components aligning with it are "used up", and thus the complement components "appear", though in reality that component was always possible. I think youre attaching the orientation too strongly to the photon, when doing so is kind of like attaching an orientation to an apple and saying that turning it creates an apple with a new orientation from nothing. You could look at it through the probability of the photon being aligned, but the twisting motion that you claim is probabilistically explained also fits with the filter analogy, which I think also makes more intuitive sense. The lose of amplitude in the twisting, or the non less than 100 % of photons that get through both explain the dimming, though your analogy seems to break down where you are spotting the paradox.

We didn't extract a vertical component..We extracted a 45 degree component. Then we extracted a vertical component from that. The point is that these polarisers twist light into their favoured direction, but can not twist anything through an exact multiple of 90 degrees. The point is that the two filters are separate and the light is able to twist twice during its passage.

​@@AdamAltonWell, yes, rotation is what's happening.